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Electronic voting in India
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== Background == [[Paper ballot]]s were exclusively used during elections till the 1990s.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/education-career/from-paper-ballots-to-switch-to-evm-and-the-introduction-of-nota-in-elections-learn-all-voting-system-in-classeswithnews18-6395737.html|title=From Paper Ballots Then to EVMs & NOTA Now|work=[[News18]]|date=21 November 2022|access-date=1 June 2024|archive-date=6 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240806043456/https://www.news18.com/news/education-career/from-paper-ballots-to-switch-to-evm-and-the-introduction-of-nota-in-elections-learn-all-voting-system-in-classeswithnews18-6395737.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Verma">{{cite journal|last=Verma|first=Arvind|title=Policing Elections in India|journal=India Review|volume=4|issue=3β4|year=2005|doi=10.1080/14736480500302217|pages=354β376|s2cid=154413285 }}</ref> With the paper ballots, substantial resources were required for printing, transportation, storage and counting of individual ballots.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/information/story/understanding-the-difference-between-electronic-voting-machines-and-ballot-papers-2525237-2024-04-10|title=Difference between Electronic Voting Machines and Ballot Papers|work=[[India Today]]|date=10 April 2024|access-date=1 June 2024|archive-date=1 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240601052002/https://www.indiatoday.in/information/story/understanding-the-difference-between-electronic-voting-machines-and-ballot-papers-2525237-2024-04-10|url-status=live}}</ref> Paper ballots were prone to fraudulent voting and booth capturing, where party loyalists captured booths and stuffed them with pre-filled fake ballots.<ref>{{cite report|first=Madhavan|last=Somanathan|title=India's electoral democracy: How EVMs curb electoral fraud|url=https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2019/04/05/indias-electoral-democracy-how-evms-curb-electoral-fraud/|year=2019|publisher=Brookings Institution|access-date=20 May 2019|archive-date=29 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190529074059/https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2019/04/05/indias-electoral-democracy-how-evms-curb-electoral-fraud/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Brookings">{{cite report|last1=Debnath|first1=Sisir|last2=Kapoor|first2=Mudit|last3=Ravi|first3=Shamika|title=The Impact of Electronic Voting Machines on Electoral Frauds, Democracy, and Development|year=2017|ssrn=3041197|pages=1β59|url=}}</ref> Since the late 1950s, there were multiple documented cases of such activities being reported and the problem grew between the 1950s and 1980s, becoming a serious and large scale problem in certain states and regions often accompanied with violence.<ref>{{cite book|first=Milan|last=Vaishnav|title=When Crime Pays: Money and Muscle in Indian Politics|year=2017|publisher=[[Yale University Press]]|isbn=978-0-300-21620-2|pages=87β88|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g0nJDQAAQBAJ|access-date=23 July 2024|archive-date=6 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240806043456/https://books.google.com/books?id=g0nJDQAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=N. S.|last=Saksena|title=India, Towards Anarchy, 1967β1992|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s9NszWp5fdYC|year=1993|publisher=Abhinav Publications|isbn=978-81-7017-296-3|pages=38β39|access-date=21 May 2019|archive-date=6 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240806043456/https://books.google.com/books?id=s9NszWp5fdYC|url-status=live}}</ref> In the late 1970s, Election Commission of India sought a solution for the issues which resulted in the development of [[electronic voting machines]] (EVM).<ref name="Brookings"/><ref>{{cite journal|url=https://ijcjs.com/menu-script/index.php/ijcjs/article/view/353/284|title=Situational Prevention and Elections in India|last=Verma|first=Arvind|year=2009|journal=International Journal of Criminal Justice Sciences|volume=4|issue=2|pages=83β97}}</ref>
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