Editing Emilio Segrè (section)

==Early life==
Emilio Gino Segrè was born into a [[Sephardic Jewish]] family in [[Tivoli, Italy|Tivoli]], near [[Rome]], on 1 February 1905, the son of Giuseppe Segrè, a businessman who owned a paper mill, and Amelia Susanna Treves. He had two older brothers, Angelo and Marco.{{sfn|Segrè|1993|pp=2–3}} His uncle, Gino Segrè, was a law professor.{{sfn|Segrè|1993|p=6}} He was educated at the ''[[Gymnasium (school)|ginnasio]]'' in Tivoli and, after the family moved to Rome in 1917, the ''ginnasio'' and ''[[Liceo (Italian school)|liceo]]'' in Rome. He graduated in July 1922 and enrolled in the [[University of Rome La Sapienza]] as an [[engineering]] student.{{sfn|Jackson|2002|pp=5–6}}

In 1927, Segrè met [[Franco Rasetti]], who introduced him to [[Enrico Fermi]]. The two young [[physics]] professors were looking for talented students. They attended the [[Como Conference]] in September 1927,{{sfn|Fermi|1954|pp=43–44}} where Segrè heard lectures from notable physicists including [[Niels Bohr]], [[Werner Heisenberg]], [[Robert Millikan]], [[Wolfgang Pauli]], [[Max Planck]] and [[Ernest Rutherford]]. Segrè then joined Fermi and Rasetti at their laboratory in Rome. With the help of the director of the Institute of Physics, [[Orso Mario Corbino]], Segrè was able to transfer to physics,{{sfn|Segrè|1993|pp=44–49}} and, studying under Fermi, earned his [[Laurea#Former status of the Laurea degree|laurea degree]] in July 1928,{{sfn|Segrè|1993|p=52}} with a thesis on "Anomalous Dispersion and Magnetic Rotation".{{sfn|Jackson|2002|pp=5–6}}

After a stint in the [[Italian Army]] from 1928 to 1929,{{sfn|Jackson|2002|pp=5–6}} during which he was a [[Officer (armed forces)|commissioned]] as a [[second lieutenant]] in the [[antiaircraft artillery]],{{sfn|Segrè|1993|pp=54–59}} Segrè returned to the laboratory on Via Panisperna. He published his first article, which summarised his thesis, "On anomalous dispersion in mercury and in lithium", jointly with [[Edoardo Amaldi]] in 1928, and another article with him the following year on the [[Raman effect]].{{sfn|Segrè|1993|pp=61, 304}}

In 1930, Segrè began studying the [[Zeeman effect]] in certain [[alkaline metal]]s. When his progress stalled because the [[diffraction grating]] he required to continue was not available in Italy, he wrote to four laboratories elsewhere in Europe asking for assistance and received an invitation from [[Pieter Zeeman]] to finish his work at Zeeman's laboratory in [[Amsterdam]]. Segrè was awarded a [[Rockefeller Foundation]] fellowship and, on Fermi's advice, elected to use it to study under [[Otto Stern]] in [[Hamburg]].{{sfn|Jackson|2002|pp=7–8}}{{sfn|Segrè|1993|pp=64–70}} Working with [[Otto Frisch]] on [[Quantization (physics)|space quantization]] produced results that apparently did not agree with the current theory; but [[Isidor Isaac Rabi]] showed that theory and experiment were in agreement if the [[nuclear spin]] of [[potassium]] was +1/2.{{sfn|Segrè|1993|pp=86–87}}