Editing Enbridge (section)

==History==
The company was initially incorporated by [[Imperial Oil]] as Interprovincial Pipe Line Company (IPL) on April 30, 1949, after Canada's first major oil discovery, in 1947, at [[Leduc, Alberta]].<ref name="reference">
{{cite web
 | url = http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/history2/0/Enbridge-Inc.html
 | title = Enbridge Inc. - Company Profile, Information, Business Description, History, Background Information on Enbridge Inc.
 | work = Reference for Business
 | access-date = 2014-02-04}}
</ref><ref name="legacy">
{{cite book
 | title = Ontario's Petroleum Legacy: The Birth, Evolution and Challenges of a Global Industry
 | first1 = Earle | last1 = Gray
 | publisher = Heritage Community Foundation
 | year = 2008
 | page = 73
 | isbn = 9780973989229}}
</ref><ref name="pi2011">
{{cite news
 | url = http://pipelinesinternational.com/news/crude_success_enbridge/061152/
 | title = Crude success: Enbridge
 | work = Pipeline International
 | date = June 2011
 | access-date = 2014-02-04}}
</ref> In the same year, the company built its first oil pipeline from Leduc to [[Regina, Saskatchewan]].<ref name=reference/><ref name=pi2011/> In 1950, it was expanded through [[Gretna, Manitoba]], to [[Superior, Wisconsin]], in the United States.<ref name="reference" /> To operate the United States portion of the pipeline, the Lakehead Pipe Line Company (now Enbridge Energy Partners) was created. In 1953, the pipeline was expanded to [[Sarnia, Ontario]], and in 1956 to [[Toronto]] and [[Buffalo, New York]].<ref name=reference/>

In 1953, IPL was listed on the Toronto and Montreal stock exchanges.<ref name=reference/> In 1983, IPL built the Norman Wells pipeline and joined Frontier Pipeline Company.<ref name="reference" /> In 1986, through a series of stakes exchanges, IPL gained control of Home Oil and in 1988, it changed its name to Interhome Energy Inc.<ref name="reference" /><ref name="digital" /> In 1991, it changed its name to Interprovincial Pipe Line Inc.<ref name="digital" />

In 1992, Interprovincial Pipe Line Inc. was acquired by Interprovincial Pipe Line System Inc., which changed its name to IPL Energy Inc. in 1994, after the acquisition of [[Consumers' Gas Company|Consumers' Gas]] (now Enbridge Gas Inc.) and diversification into the gas distribution business.<ref name="reference" /><ref name="digital" />  In addition, it acquired stakes in AltaGas Services and the electric utility of [[Cornwall, Ontario]].<ref name="reference" /> Through the 1990s, the company expanded its gas pipeline network and acquired a stake in the Chicap oil pipeline. It also built the Athabasca Pipeline from northeastern Alberta to the main pipeline system.<ref name="reference" /> In 1995, the company expanded its activities outside of North America by taking a stake in the [[Ocensa pipeline]]. This stake was sold in 2009.<ref name="pipelinejournal">{{cite news
 |url          = http://www.pipelineandgasjournal.com/enbridge-sells-interest-colombian-pipeline
 |title        = Enbridge Sells Interest In Colombian Pipeline
 |work         = Pipeline & Gas Journal
 |volume       = 236
 |issue        = 5
 |date         = May 2009
 |access-date   = 2014-02-04
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20140225193036/http://www.pipelineandgasjournal.com/enbridge-sells-interest-colombian-pipeline
 |archive-date = 2014-02-25
 |url-status     = dead
}}</ref>  IPL Energy became Enbridge Inc in 1998.<ref name="digital">
{{cite web
 | url = http://digital.library.mcgill.ca/hrcorpreports/search/detail.php
 | title = Canadian Corporate Reports. McGill Digital Archive. Company Detail: Enbridge
 | publisher = [[McGill University]]
 | access-date = 2014-02-04}}
</ref>  The Enbridge name is a [[portmanteau]] from "energy" and "bridge".<ref name="reference" />

In the 2000s, Enbridge introduced several large projects. Enbridge made their first investment into renewable energy in 2002 with the purchase of a [[wind farm]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=28 June 2002|title=Milestone in Renewable Energy Applauded: Sunbridge Wind Farm|url=https://www.pembina.org/media-release/1047|access-date=2021-07-06|website=Pembina Institute}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Morgan|first=Geoffrey|date=8 June 2020|title=North America's largest pipeline company aims to pivot to natural gas and renewable energy|url=https://financialpost.com/commodities/energy/north-americas-largest-pipeline-company-aims-to-pivot-to-natural-gas-and-renewable-energy|access-date=2021-07-06|website=Financial Post|language=en-CA}}</ref> In 2006, it announced the Enbridge Northern Gateway Pipelines Project from Athabasca to [[Kitimat, British Columbia]].<ref name="reuters210208">
{{cite news
 | url = http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKN2148130320080221
 | archive-url = https://archive.today/20130201103520/http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKN2148130320080221
 | url-status = dead
 | archive-date = February 1, 2013
 | title = Enbridge rekindles oil sands pipeline plan
 | publisher = Reuters
 | first = Jeffrey | last = Jones
 | date = February 21, 2008
 | access-date = February 14, 2010}}
</ref>  The same year, it announced the [[Alberta Clipper pipeline]] project from [[Hardisty, Alberta]], to Superior, Wisconsin, to connect oil sands production area with the existing network. This pipeline became operational in 2010.<ref name="clipper">
{{cite web
 | url = http://www.downstreamtoday.com/projects/Project.aspx?project_id=92
 | title = Alberta Clipper Project
 | work = Downstream Today
 | date = 2010-10-01
 | access-date = 2014-02-04}}
</ref>

In 2009, Enbridge bought the [[Sarnia Photovoltaic Power Plant]] and expanded it up to 80&nbsp;MW, which was the world's largest [[photovoltaic power station]] at that time.<ref name="cbc041010">
{{cite news
 | url = http://www.cbc.ca/news/business/enbridge-completes-sarnia-solar-farm-1.911812
 | title = Enbridge completes Sarnia solar farm
 | work = [[CBC News]]
 | date = 2010-10-04
 | access-date = 2014-02-04}}
</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2009-10-03|title=Enbridge buys major solar farm|url=https://www.thestar.com/opinion/2009/10/03/enbridge_buys_major_solar_farm.html|access-date=2021-03-23|website=thestar.com|language=en}}</ref>

In January 2017, Enbridge acquired [[Midcoast Energy Partners]] for $170&nbsp;million in cash, and later in 2018, ArcLight acquired Midcoast Operating, L.P. from Enbridge for $1.1&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/deals-day-idUSL4N1FH2ZY|title=Deals of the day-Mergers and acquisitions|date=January 27, 2017|publisher=Reuters}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Pulsinelli|first=Olivia|date=9 May 2018|title=Update: Enbridge closes deal to sell U.S. natural gas and NGL business for $1.1B|url=https://www.bizjournals.com/houston/news/2018/05/09/enbridge-to-sell-u-s-natural-gas-and-ngl-business.html|access-date=2021-07-06|website=Houston Business Journal}}</ref>

Enbridge released its first annual [[Sustainability reporting|sustainability report]] in 2001, and in November 2020, Enbridge expanded its environmental, social and governance (ESG) goals and targets.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Archived Sustainability Reports|url=https://www.enbridge.com/About-Us/Our-Values/Sustainability/Archived-Sustainability-Reports.aspx|access-date=2021-07-06|website=www.enbridge.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Rotchild|first=Leor|date=2020-11-24|title=Enbridge Becomes First Midstream Company in Canada to Set Bold ESG Goals|url=http://www.cbsr.ca/enbridge-becomes-first-midstream-company-to-set-bold-esg-goals|access-date=2021-07-06|website=Canadian Business for Social Responsibility|language=en}}</ref> The company aims to achieve net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, with an interim target to reduce emissions intensity by 35% by 2030.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Holbrook|first=Emily|date=2020-11-09|title=Enbridge Steps Up Climate Pledge with Net Zero Emission Target|url=https://www.environmentalleader.com/2020/11/enbridge-outlines-detailed-plan-to-achieve-net-zero-emissions-by-2050/|access-date=2021-07-06|website=Environment + Energy Leader|language=en-US}}</ref> That same year, President and CEO Al Monaco said that renewable power is now "the fourth Enbridge platform."<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|last=Laverty|first=Gene|date=6 November 2020|title=Enbridge gears up for energy transition with renewable natural gas, power focus|url=https://www.spglobal.com/marketintelligence/en/news-insights/latest-news-headlines/enbridge-gears-up-for-energy-transition-with-renewable-natural-gas-power-focus-61165181|access-date=2021-07-06|website=www.spglobal.com|language=en-us}}</ref> Enbridge's ESG goals also aim to diversify its workforce with 28% representation from racial and ethnic groups and 40% from women by 2025.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Olivero|first=Tino|date=2021-07-03|title=ENBRIDGE: Progressive Sustainability goals|url=https://theogm.com/2021/07/03/enbridge-progressive-sustainability-goals/|access-date=2021-07-06|website=Our Great Minds}}</ref>  

In 2021, Enbridge was recognized as one of Canada's top 100 employers for the 18th time, and as one of Canada's best diversity employers for the seventh time.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Leung|first1=Kristina|last2=Leung|first2=Stephanie|date=1 March 2021|title=Top Employer: Enbridge Inc.|url=https://reviews.canadastop100.com/top-employer-enbridge|access-date=2021-07-06|website=reviews.canadastop100.com}}</ref>

In September 2023, it was announced  Enbridge had agreed to acquire East Ohio Gas, Questar Gas, and Public Service Co. of North Carolina, from [[Dominion Energy]] for a total enterprise value worth $14 billion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Enbridge to Acquire Gas Utilities from Dominion for $14B |url=https://www.rigzone.com/news/enbridge_to_acquire_gas_utilities_from_dominion_for_14b-06-sep-2023-173908-article/ |access-date=2023-09-06 |website=www.rigzone.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-09-06 |title=Enbridge slumps on surprise $14 billion bid for gas-powered utilities |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/enbridge-slumps-surprise-14-bln-bid-gas-powered-utilities-2023-09-06/ |access-date=2023-09-06}}</ref> The acquisition will result in Enbridge being the largest natural gas utility franchise in North America.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dominion Energy Sells 3 Gas Distribution Firms to Enbridge for $14 Billion |url=https://www.investopedia.com/dominion-energy-sells-3-gas-distribution-firms-to-enbridge-for-usd14-billion-7966000 |access-date=2023-09-11 |website=Investopedia |language=en}}</ref>

===Merger with Spectra Energy===
On September 6, 2016, Enbridge agreed to buy [[Spectra Energy]] in an all-stock deal valued at about $28&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/enbridge-to-buy-spectra-energy-in-28-billion-deal-1473160931|title=Enbridge to Buy Spectra Energy in $28 Billion Deal|last1=Dawson|first1=Chester|date=2016-09-06|last2=McKinnon|first2=Judy|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|issn=0099-9660|access-date=2016-09-07}}</ref>
Spectra, headquartered in [[Houston, Texas]], operated in three key areas of the [[natural gas]] industry: transmission and storage, distribution, and gathering and processing.  Spectra was formed in late 2006 as a [[Corporate spin-off|spin-off]] from [[Duke Energy]].  Spectra owned the [[Texas Eastern Pipeline]] (TETCo), a major natural gas pipeline transporting gas from the [[Gulf of Mexico]] coast in [[Texas]] to the [[New York City]] area; TETCo was one of the largest pipeline systems in the United States.<ref name="ferc">[http://www.ferc.gov/industries/gas/gen-info/pipecode.asp FERC pipeline codes] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120011541/http://ferc.gov/industries/gas/gen-info/pipecode.asp |date=2013-01-20 }}</ref> Spectra also operated [[Spectra Energy#Current oil pipelines|three oil pipelines]], [[Spectra Energy#Current natural gas pipelines|numerous other gas pipelines]] and was proposing to build still [[Spectra Energy#Proposed natural gas pipelines|3 more gas pipelines]] in the U.S.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.spectraenergy.com/Operations/Spectra-Energy-Liquids/|title= Spectra Energy Liquids|last1= Spectra Energy|date= 2015|website= Spectra Energy|access-date= 26 August 2015|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150822083708/http://www.spectraenergy.com/Operations/Spectra-Energy-Liquids/|archive-date= 22 August 2015|url-status= dead|df= dmy-all}}</ref> The merger was completed on February 27, 2017.<ref>{{cite web|title=Enbridge and Spectra Energy Complete Merger|url=http://www.enbridge.com/media-center/news/details?id=2126823&lang=en&year=2017|website=Media Centre News Releases|publisher=Enbridge|access-date=October 10, 2017|date=February 27, 2017}}</ref>