Editing Endoscopy (section)

==History==
[[Adolf Kussmaul]] was fascinated by [[sword swallowers]] who would insert a sword down their throat without gagging. This drew inspiration to insert a hollow tube for observation; the next problem to solve was how to shine light through the tube, as they were still relying on candles and oil lamps as light sources.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.entandaudiologynews.com/features/ent-features/post/the-pioneers-of-endoscopy-and-the-sword-swallowers|title=The pioneers of endoscopy and the sword swallowers|access-date=2022-01-26|archive-date=2022-01-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127172040/https://www.entandaudiologynews.com/features/ent-features/post/the-pioneers-of-endoscopy-and-the-sword-swallowers|url-status=live}}</ref>

The term ''endoscope'' was first used on February 7, 1855, by engineer-optician Charles Chevalier, about the ''uréthroscope'' of [[Antonin Jean Desormeaux|Désormeaux]], who himself began using the former term a month later.<ref name="auto">{{Cite journal|last=Janssen|first=Diederik F|date=2021-05-17|title=Who named and built the Désormeaux endoscope? The case of unacknowledged opticians Charles and Arthur Chevalier|url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/09677720211018975|journal=Journal of Medical Biography|volume=29|issue=3|language=en|pages=176–179|doi=10.1177/09677720211018975|pmid=33998906|s2cid=234747817|issn=0967-7720|access-date=2021-05-17|archive-date=2023-02-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204054342/https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/09677720211018975|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> The self-illuminated endoscope was developed at [[Glasgow Royal Infirmary]] in [[Scotland]] (one of the first hospitals to have mains electricity) in 1894/5 by [[John Macintyre]] as part of his specialization in the investigation of the larynx.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://sshm.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/PROCEEDINGS-SESSION-1994-1995-and-1995-1996.pdf | title = The Scottish Society of the History of Medicine | access-date = 2017-07-11 | archive-date = 2016-12-20 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161220090937/http://sshm.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/PROCEEDINGS-SESSION-1994-1995-and-1995-1996.pdf | url-status = live }}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=April 2019|reason=This source doesn't mention the years; it says: "Even before using X-rays he had pioneered the development of self-illuminated endoscopes"}}