Editing Enryaku-ji (section)

==History==
[[File:Enryakuji1.jpg|thumb|left|Nobunaga forces setting fire to Enryaku-ji and massacring the monks in the [[Siege of Mount Hiei]] in 1571 (depiction in the ''Ehon taikouki'')]]
[[File:Ruri-do.jpg|thumb|''Ruri-dō'' (瑠璃堂, "[[Lapis Lazuli]] Hall") is the only building that survived the siege of 1571]]
With the support of [[Emperor Kanmu]], the Buddhist monk Saichō ordained a hundred disciples in 807. Maintaining a strict discipline on Mt. Hiei, his monks lived in seclusion for twelve years of study and [[meditation]]. After this period, the best students were retained in positions in the monastery and others graduated into positions in the government.  At the peak of its power, Enryaku-ji was a huge complex of as many as 3,000 sub-temples and a powerful army of {{nihongo|warrior monks|僧兵|[[sōhei]]}}. In the tenth century, succession disputes broke out between Tendai monks of the line of [[Ennin]] and [[Enchin]]. These disputes resulted in opposing Tendai centers at Enryaku-ji and at [[Mii-dera]], known respectively as the {{nihongo|Mountain Order|山門|sanmon}} and the {{nihongo|Temple Order|寺門|jimon}}. Warrior monks were used to settle the disputes, and Tendai leaders began to hire mercenary armies who threatened rivals and even marched on the capital to enforce monastic demands.

As part of a program to remove all potential rivals and unite the country, warlord [[Oda Nobunaga]] ended this Buddhist militancy in 1571 by [[Siege of Mount Hiei|attacking Enryaku-ji]], leveling the buildings and slaughtering monks.<ref name="Stanford">{{cite book|last1=Sansom|first1=George|title=A History of Japan 1334-1615|date=1961|publisher=Stanford University Press|location=Stanford|isbn=0804705259|pages=284}}</ref>  Enryaku-ji's current structures date from the late 16th century through the first half of the 17th century, when the temple was reconstructed following a change of government. Only one minor building survived, the ''Ruri-dō'' (るり堂, "[[Lapis Lazuli]] Hall"), which is located down a long, unmarked path from the ''Sai-tō'' complex. The structure dates to the 13th century and was repaired twice during the 20th century following harsh weather.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kagemarukun.fromc.jp/page005e.html|title=瑠璃堂|website=www.kagemarukun.fromc.jp}}</ref> During reconstruction, some buildings were transferred from other temples, notably Mii-dera, and thus the buildings themselves are old, though they have not always been at this location.

Today, most of Enryaku-ji's buildings are clustered in three areas: ''Tō-dō'' (東塔, "East Pagoda"), ''Sai-tō'' (西塔, "West Pagoda"), and ''Yokokawa'' (横川). The monastery's most important buildings are concentrated in ''Tō-dō''. ''Sai-tō'' is a 20-minute walk away, primarily downhill from ''Tō-dō'', and also features several important buildings. ''Yokokawa'' is more isolated and less visited, about a 1:30 walk, and is most easily reached by bus, which connects the three complexes and other locations on the mountain.

On April 4, 2006, Enryaku-ji performed a ceremony for former leaders of [[Yamaguchi-gumi]], by far the largest [[yakuza]] organization in Japan.<ref>[http://guildspot.org/rno/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1541 Enryakuji temple leaders resign over yakuza service] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120424230529/http://guildspot.org/rno/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1541 |date=2012-04-24 }}</ref> Because such temple ceremonies have been used for Yamaguchi-gumi fund-raising and demonstrations of power, the [[Shiga]] Prefectural Police requested that Enryaku-ji cease performance of the ceremony. Rejecting the request, Enryaku-ji received crime-related money for the ceremony and allowed nearly 100 upper-level Yamaguchi-gumi leaders to attend. After reports in the ''[[Asahi Shimbun]]'' and ''[[Yomiuri Shimbun]]'' newspapers, Enryaku-ji faced a nationwide scandal. The temple was also criticized by the Japan Buddhist Temple Association (representing 75,000 Buddhist temples), which led a movement against the yakuza.{{Clarify|date=May 2017}} Finally on May 18, all representative directors of Enryaku-ji resigned, apologizing on their website and in e-mails which were sent to 3,000 branch temples.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tendai.or.jp/shuchou/07.php|title=天台の主張 記事 (7)|author=天台宗宗議会|website=tendai.or.jp|date=2006-05-26|lang=ja}}</ref>