Editing Ernest Hemingway (section)

==Early life==
<!-- [[File:Ernest Hemingway with Family, 1905.png|thumb|The Hemingway family in 1905 (from the left to right): Marcelline, Sunny, Clarence, Grace, Ursula, and Ernest]] -->[[File:Hemingway House Museum Oak Park.jpg|thumb|[[Birthplace of Ernest Hemingway|Ernest Hemingway Boyhood Home]], Oak Park, Illinois]]
Ernest Miller Hemingway was born on July 21, 1899, in [[Oak Park, Illinois]], an affluent suburb just west of [[Chicago]].<ref>Oliver (1999), 140</ref> to Clarence Edmonds Hemingway, a physician, and [[Grace Hall Hemingway]], a musician. His parents were well-educated and well-respected in Oak Park,<ref name="Reynolds pp 17-18">Reynolds (2000), 17–18</ref> a conservative community about which resident [[Frank Lloyd Wright]] said, "So many churches for so many good people to go to."<ref>Meyers (1985), 4</ref> When Clarence and Grace Hemingway married in 1896, they [[Birthplace of Ernest Hemingway|lived with Grace's father]], Ernest Miller Hall,<ref>Oliver (1999), 134</ref> after whom they named their first son, the second of their six children.<ref name="Reynolds pp 17-18"/>

His sister Marcelline preceded him in 1898, and his younger siblings were Ursula in 1902, Madelaine in 1904, Carol in 1911, and [[Leicester Hemingway|Leicester]] in 1915.<ref name="Reynolds pp 17-18"/> Grace followed the Victorian convention of not differentiating children's clothing by gender. With only a year separating them, Ernest and Marcelline resembled one another strongly. Grace wanted them to appear as twins, so in Ernest's first three years she kept his hair long and dressed both children in similarly frilly feminine clothing.<ref>Meyers (1985), 9</ref>

[[File:ErnestHemingwayBabyPicture.jpg|thumb|upright|Hemingway was the second child and first son born to Clarence and Grace.|alt=photograph of Hemingway as an infant]]
Grace Hemingway was a well-known local musician,<ref name="Reynolds 2000 19">Reynolds (2000), 19</ref> and taught her reluctant son to play the cello. Later he said music lessons contributed to his writing style, as evidenced in the "[[contrapuntal]] structure" of ''[[For Whom the Bell Tolls]]''.<ref>Meyers (1985), 3</ref> As an adult Hemingway professed to hate his mother, although they shared similar enthusiastic energies.<ref name="Reynolds 2000 19"/> His father, Dr. Clarence Hemingway, taught him [[woodcraft]] during the family's summer sojourns at [[Ernest Hemingway Cottage|Windemere]] on [[Walloon Lake]], near [[Petoskey, Michigan]], where Ernest learned to hunt, fish and camp in the woods and lakes of [[Northern Michigan]]. These early experiences instilled in him a life-long passion for outdoor adventure and living in remote or isolated areas.<ref name="Beegel2000, p. 63-70">Beegel (2000), 63–71</ref>

Hemingway went to [[Oak Park and River Forest High School]] in Oak Park between 1913 and 1917, where he competed in boxing, track and field, water polo, and football. He performed in the school orchestra for two years with his sister Marcelline, and received good grades in English.<ref name="Reynolds 2000 19" /> During his last two years at high school he edited the school's newspaper and yearbook (the ''Trapeze'' and ''Tabula''); he imitated the language of popular sportswriters and contributed under the pen name Ring Lardner Jr.—a nod to [[Ring Lardner]] of the ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' whose byline was "Line O'Type".<ref name="Meyers p19ff" /> A remembrance garden to honor Hemingway was erected in front of the high school in 1996.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ernest Hemingway Remembrance Garden Historical Marker |url=https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=224824 |access-date=February 14, 2025 |website=www.hmdb.org |language=en}}</ref>

After leaving high school, he went to work for ''[[The Kansas City Star]]'' as a cub reporter.<ref name="Meyers p19ff">Meyers (1985), 19–23</ref> Although he stayed there only for six months, the ''Star''{{'}}s [[style guide]], which stated "Use short sentences. Use short first paragraphs. Use vigorous English. Be positive, not negative", became a foundation for his prose.<ref>{{cite news |title=Star style and rules for writing |url=http://www.kcstar.com/hemingway/ehstarstyle.shtml |work=[[The Kansas City Star]] |date=June 26, 1999 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408171529/http://www.kcstar.com/hemingway/ehstarstyle.shtml |archive-date=April 8, 2014 |quote=Below are excerpts from The Kansas City Star stylebook that Ernest Hemingway once credited with containing 'the best rules I ever learned for the business of writing.'}}</ref>