Editing Eurocentrism (section)

== Terminology ==
[[File:Samir Amin.jpg|thumb|''Eurocentrism'' as the term for an ideology was coined by [[Samir Amin]] in the 1970s.]]
The adjective ''Eurocentric'', or ''Europe-centric'', has been in use in various contexts since at least the 1920s.<ref>The German adjective ''europa-zentrisch'' ("Europe-centric") is attested in the 1920s, unrelated to the Marxist context of Amin's usage. [[Karl Haushofer]], ''Geopolitik des pazifischen Ozeans'' (pp.&nbsp;11–23, 110–113, ''passim''). The context is Haushofer's comparison of the "Pacific space" in terms of global politics vs. "Europe-centric" politics.</ref> The term was popularised (in French as ''européocentrique'') in the context of [[decolonization]] and [[Internationalism (politics)|internationalism]] in the mid-20th century.<ref>A. Rey (ed.) ''Dictionnaire Historique de la langue française'' (2010): "À partir du radical de européen ont été composés (mil. XXe s.) ''européocentrique'' adj. (de ''centrique'') « qui fait référence à l'Europe » et ''européocentrisme'' n.m. (variante ''europocentrisme'' n.m. 1974) « fait de considérer (un problème général, mondial) d'un point de vue européen »"</ref> English usage of ''Eurocentric'' as an [[ideological]] term in [[identity politics]] was current by the mid-1980s.<ref>Hussein Abdilahi Bulhan, ''Frantz Fanon and the Psychology of Oppression'' (1985), [https://books.google.com/books?id=z55WPkZpyoYC&pg=PA63 63ff]: "Fanon and Eurocentric Psychology", where "Eurocentric psychology" refers to "a psychology derived from a white, middle-class male minority, which is generalized to humanity everywhere".</ref>

The [[-ism|abstract noun]] ''Eurocentrism'' (French ''eurocentrisme'', earlier ''europocentrisme'') as the term for an ideology was coined in the 1970s by the Egyptian [[Marxian economist]] [[Samir Amin]], then director of the African Institute for Economic Development and Planning of the [[United Nations Economic Commission for Africa]].<ref>[http://www.uneca.org/fr/pages/anciens-directeurs "Anciens directeurs"], uneca.org {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180806090809/https://www.uneca.org/fr/pages/anciens-directeurs |date=6 August 2018 }} ("Samir Amin (Egypte) 1970–1980").</ref> Amin used the term in the context of a global, core–periphery or dependency model of [[capitalist]] development. English usage of ''Eurocentrism'' is recorded by 1979.<ref>Alexandre A. Bennigsen, S. Enders Wimbush, ''Muslim National Communism in the Soviet Union: A Revolutionary Strategy for the Colonial World'' (1979), [https://books.google.com/books?id=uKr2O2GBDsQC&pg=PA19 p. 19].<!-- possibly 1978: Stuart Corbridge, ''Capitalist World Development: A Critique of Radical Development Geography'' (1986) [https://archive.org/details/capitalistworldd0000corb/page/36 p. 36] "[[Andre Gunder Frank|Frank]]'s work has also been called upon to banish the evils of Eurocentrism and ethnocentrism (see [[Terry McGee|McGee]], 1978; Browett, 1981)" "McGee, 1978" is: McGee, T. G. (1978) 'Western Geography and the Third World', American Behavioral Scientist, September–October 1978, 22 (1), 93–114. --></ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Beyond Eurocentrism {{!}} Aeon Essays |url=https://aeon.co/essays/if-you-want-decolonisation-go-to-the-economics-of-samir-amin |website=Aeon}}</ref> According to Amin, Eurocentrism dates back to the Renaissance, and did not flourish until the 19th century.<ref name="d432">{{cite book | last=Amin | first=S. | title=Eurocentrism | publisher=Monthly Review Press | year=1989 | isbn=978-0-85345-785-5 | url=https://archive.org/details/eurocentrism0000amin/page/58 | access-date=2024-05-21 | page=58 |quote=Eurocentrism is a specifically modern phenomenon, the roots of which go back only to the Renaissance, a phenomenon that did not flourish until the nineteenth century. In this sense, it constitutes one dimension of the culture and ideology of the modern capitalist world.}}</ref>

The coinage of Western-centrism is younger, attested in the late 1990s, and specific to English.<ref>"pluralistic cultural coexistence as opposed to Western centrism and Asian centrism" (unhyphenated) in: Mabel Lee, Meng Hua, ''Cultural dialogue & misreading'' (1997), p. 53. "our incomplete perception of Chinese behavior, which tends to be 'Western-centric'&thinsp;" (using scare-quotes) in: Houman A. Sadri, ''Revolutionary States, Leaders, and Foreign Relations: A Comparative Study of China, Cuba, and Iran'' (1997), [https://books.google.com/books?id=6IaY-b1BR3AC&pg=PA35 p. 35]. "Euro- or western-centrism" in the context of the "traditional discourse on minority languages" in: Jonathan Owens (ed.), ''Arabic as a Minority Language'' (2000), [https://books.google.com/books?id=dVUiAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1 p. 1]. Use of Latinate ''occido-centrism'' remains rare (e.g. Alexander Lukin, ''Political Culture of the Russian 'Democrats' '' (2000), p. 47).</ref>