Editing European turtle dove (section)

==Taxonomy==
The European turtle dove was [[Species description|formally described]] by the Swedish naturalist [[Carl Linnaeus]] in 1758 in the [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|tenth edition]] of his ''[[Systema Naturae]]''. He placed it with all the other pigeons in the [[genus]] ''[[Columba (genus)|Columba]]'' and coined the [[binomial nomenclature|binomial name]] ''Columba turtur''.<ref>{{cite book | last=Linnaeus | first=Carl | author-link=Carl Linnaeus | year=1758 | title= Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis | volume= 1 | edition=10th | page=164 | publisher=Holmiae:Laurentii Salvii | language=la | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/727071 }}</ref> The [[specific epithet]] ''turtur'' is the Latin word for a turtle dove.{{sfn|Jobling|2010|p=393}} Linnaeus gave the locality as "India". This was an error, and the [[type locality (biology)|type locality]] has been designated as England.<ref>{{ cite book | editor-last=Peters | editor-first=James Lee | editor-link=James L. Peters | year=1937 | title=Check-List of Birds of the World | volume=3 | publisher=Harvard University Press | place=Cambridge, Massachusetts  | page=89 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14477804 }}</ref> The species is now placed in the [[genus]] ''[[Streptopelia]]'' that was introduced in 1855 by the French ornithologist [[Charles Lucien Bonaparte]].<ref>{{ cite journal | last=Bonaparte | first=Charles Lucien | author-link=Charles Lucien Bonaparte | year=1855 | title=Coup d'oeil sur les pigeons (quatrième partie) | language=fr | journal=Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences | volume=40 | pages=15–24 [17] | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4616570 }}</ref><ref name=ioc>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen | year=2020 | title=Pigeons | work=IOC World Bird List Version 10.1 | url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/pigeons/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=17 March 2020 }}</ref>

Four [[subspecies]] are recognised:<ref name=ioc/>
* ''S. t. turtur'' ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758) – Europe, Madeira and the Canary Islands to western Siberia
* ''S. t. arenicola'' ([[Ernst Hartert|Hartert]], 1894) – Northwest Africa to Iran and western China
* ''S. t. hoggara'' ([[Hans Freiherr Geyr von Schweppenburg|Geyr von Schweppenburg]], 1916) – [[Aïr Mountains|Air Massif]] and [[Hoggar Mountains]] (southern Sahara)
* ''S. t. rufescens'' ([[Christian Ludwig Brehm|Brehm, CL]], 1845) – Egypt and northern Sudan

Despite the identical spelling, the "turtle" of the name, derived from Middle English {{Lang|enm|turtle}} ({{lang|enm|tortle}}, {{lang|enm|turtel}}, {{lang|enm|turtul}}), derived in turn from Old English {{lang|ang|turtla}} (male turtle dove), {{Lang|ang|turtle}} (female turtle dove), and ultimately from Latin {{lang|la|turtur}}, has no connection with the [[turtle|reptile of the same name]]; in the present case, "turtle" came originally from [[Latin]] {{Lang|la|turtur}}, which is [[onomatopoeia|onomatopoeic]], imitating the bird's song.<ref name=OED>{{Cite OED | Turtle}}</ref><ref name=OED2>{{Cite OED | Turtur}}</ref> The genus name ''Streptopelia'' is from [[Ancient Greek]] {{Lang|grc|streptos}} meaning "collar", and {{Lang|grc|peleia}} meaning "dove".{{sfn|Jobling|2010|p=367}}

A few other doves in the genus ''Streptopelia'' and the related genus ''Nesoenas'' are also commonly called "turtle doves", while the name ''[[Turtur]]'' has also been given as a generic name to a less-closely related group of tropical African doves:<ref name=ioc/>
*[[Oriental turtle dove]] ''Streptopelia orientalis'' in Asia.
*[[Dusky turtle dove]] ''Streptopelia lugens'' in Africa.
*[[Adamawa turtle dove]] ''Streptopelia hypopyrrha'' in Africa.
*[[Malagasy turtle dove]] ''Nesoenas picturatus'' in Madagascar.