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Facial Action Coding System
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==Background== [[File:Rio2016 0809 MARTINET Β©G-Picout 22.jpg|thumb|Blind athlete expressing joy in athletic competition. The fact that unsighted persons use the same expressions as sighted people shows that expressions are innate.]] In 2009, a study was conducted to study spontaneous facial expressions in sighted and blind judo athletes. They discovered that many facial expressions are innate and not visually learned.<ref>Matsumoto, D., & Willingham, B. (2009). "Spontaneous facial expressions of emotion of blind individuals". ''[[Journal of Personality and Social Psychology]]'', 96(1), 1-10</ref>
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