Editing February 12 (section)

==Events==
===Pre-1600===
*[[1096]] &ndash; [[Pope Urban II]] confirms the foundation of the abbey of [[La Roë]] under [[Robert of Arbrissel]] as a community of [[Canon regular|canons regular]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Müller |first1=Annalena |title=From the Cloister to the State: Fontevraud and the Making of Bourbon France, 1642-1100 |date=2021 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781000436297 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zk85EAAAQBAJ |page=43|access-date=6 March 2023}}</ref>
*[[1404]] &ndash; The Italian professor [[Galeazzo di Santa Sofia]] performed the first post-mortem [[autopsy]] for the purposes of teaching and demonstration at the Heiligen–Geist Spital in [[Vienna]].<ref name="Rothenberg">{{cite book|last=Rothenberg|first=Kelly|title=Forensic Science|url=https://archive.org/details/forensicscience00emba|url-access=limited|chapter=The Autopsy Through History|editor=Ayn Embar-seddon, Allan D. Pass|publisher=Salem Press|year=2008|page=[https://archive.org/details/forensicscience00emba/page/n119 100]|isbn=978-1-58765-423-7}}</ref> 
*[[1429]] &ndash; English forces under Sir [[John Fastolf]] defend a supply convoy carrying rations to the army besieging Orléans in the [[Battle of the Herrings]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Sir Edward Shepherd Creasy|title=History of England from the Earliest to the Present Time: The history during the early and middle ages|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofengland01creauoft|year=1870|publisher=J. Walton|pages=[https://archive.org/details/historyofengland01creauoft/page/434 434]}}</ref>
*[[1502]] &ndash; [[Isabella I of Castile|Isabella I]] issues an edict outlawing Islam in the [[Crown of Castile]], forcing virtually all her Muslim subjects [[Forced conversions of Muslims in Spain|to convert to Christianity]].<ref>{{cite book|author=J. Edwards|title=Ferdinand and Isabella|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pnHJAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA100|date=11 June 2014|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-89345-5|pages=100}}</ref>
*  1502   &ndash; [[Vasco da Gama]] sets sail with 15 ships and 800 men from [[Lisbon]], Portugal on his second voyage to [[India]].<ref>Barros (p.268) says 1800 soldiers; Gaspar Correia (p.269) says 800 men-at-arms.</ref>
*[[1541]] &ndash; [[Santiago]], [[Chile]] is founded by [[Pedro de Valdivia]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Hugh Raymond Spilsbury Pocock|title=The Conquest of Chile|url=https://archive.org/details/conquestofchile00poco|url-access=registration|year=1967|publisher=Stein and Day|page=[https://archive.org/details/conquestofchile00poco/page/69 69]}}</ref>
*[[1593]] &ndash; [[Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–98)|Japanese invasion of Korea]]: Approximately 3,000 [[Joseon]] defenders led by general [[Kwŏn Yul (general)|Kwŏn Yul]] successfully repel more than 30,000 Japanese forces in the [[Siege of Haengju]].

===1601–1900===
*[[1689]] &ndash; The [[Convention Parliament (1689)|Convention Parliament]] declares that the flight to France in [[1688]] by [[James II of England|James II]], the last [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|British monarch]], constitutes an [[abdication]].
*[[1733]] &ndash; [[Georgia Day]]: Englishman [[James Oglethorpe]] founds [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], the 13th colony of the [[Thirteen Colonies]], by settling at [[Savannah, Georgia|Savannah]].<ref name="Bowman1986">{{cite book|author=John Stewart Bowman|title=The World almanac of the American West|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GpJ5AAAAMAAJ|date=October 1986|publisher=World Almanac|isbn=978-0-88687-273-1|page=44}}</ref>
*[[1771]] &ndash; [[Gustav III of Sweden|Gustav III]] becomes the [[Monarchy of Sweden|King of Sweden]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Penny Cyclopaedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DRsWAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA499|year=1838|publisher=C. Knight|pages=499}}</ref>
*[[1817]] &ndash; An [[Argentina|Argentine]]/[[Chile]]an patriotic army, after [[Crossing of the Andes|crossing the Andes]], defeats Spanish troops at the [[Battle of Chacabuco]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Juan Luis Ossa Santa Cruz|title=Armies, Politics and Revolution: Chile, 1808-1826|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WhPxDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA109|date=1 May 2015|publisher=Liverpool University Press|isbn=978-1-78138-744-3|pages=109}}</ref>
*[[1818]] &ndash; [[Bernardo O'Higgins]] formally approves the [[Chilean Declaration of Independence]] near [[Concepción, Chile]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Juan Luis Ossa Santa Cruz|title=Armies, Politics and Revolution: Chile, 1808-1826|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fBLxDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA142|year=2014|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-1-78138-132-8|pages=142}}</ref>
*[[1825]] &ndash; The [[Muscogee people|Creek]] cede the last of their lands in Georgia to the United States government by the [[Treaty of Indian Springs (1825)|Treaty of Indian Springs]], and migrate west.
*[[1832]] &ndash; [[Ecuador]] annexes the [[Galápagos Islands]].
*[[1889]] &ndash; [[Antonín Dvořák]]'s [[Jakobín]] is premiered at National Theater in Prague<ref>{{cite web|title = Archivní a programové fondy Českého rozhlasu|url =http://www2.rozhlas.cz/archivy/index.php?HLEDPO=697659|date = 2011-02-11|work = Český rozhlas}}</ref>
*[[1894]] &ndash; [[Café Terminus attack|Café Terminus bombing]] by [[Émile Henry (anarchist)|Émile Henry]] during the ''[[Ère des attentats]]'' (1892-1894).<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/ocm43706446 |title=Regards populaires sur la violence |date=2000 |publisher=Publications de l'Université de Saint-Etienne |isbn=978-2-86272-180-4 |editor-last=Piarotas |editor-first=Mireille |series=Travaux / Centre interdisciplinaire d'études et de recherches sur l'expression contemporaine |location=Saint-Etienne |pages=141–142 |oclc=ocm43706446}}</ref> Influential event for the birth of modern terrorism.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ferragu |first=Gilles |date=2019-01-22 |title=L’écho des bombes : l’invention du terrorisme « à l’aveugle » (1893-1895): |url=https://www.cairn.info/revue-ethnologie-francaise-2019-1-page-21.htm?ref=doi |journal=Ethnologie française |issue=1 |pages=21–31 |doi=10.3917/ethn.191.0021 |issn=0046-2616}}</ref>

===1901–present===
*[[1909]] &ndash; The [[National Association for the Advancement of Colored People]] (NAACP) is founded.
*  1909   &ndash; New Zealand's worst maritime disaster of the 20th century happens when the {{SS|Penguin}}, an inter-island [[ferry]], sinks and explodes at the entrance to [[Wellington Harbour]].
*[[1912]] &ndash; The [[Puyi|Xuantong Emperor]], the last [[Emperor of China]], [[abdication|abdicates]].
*[[1919]] &ndash; The [[Regional Congress of Peasants, Workers and Insurgents#Second Congress (February 1919)|Second Regional Congress of Peasants, Workers and Insurgents]] is held by the [[Makhnovshchina]] at [[Huliaipole]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Colin|last=Darch|title=Nestor Makhno and Rural Anarchism in Ukraine, 1917–21|year=2020|location=[[London]]|publisher=[[Pluto Press]]|isbn=978-0745338880|oclc=1225942343|page=43}}</ref>
*[[1921]] &ndash; [[Bolsheviks]] launch a revolt in [[Democratic Republic of Georgia|Georgia]] as a preliminary to the [[Red Army invasion of Georgia]]. 
*[[1935]] &ndash; {{USS|Macon|ZRS-5|6}}, one of the two largest [[helium]]-filled [[airship]]s ever created, crashes into the Pacific Ocean off the coast of [[California]] and sinks.
*[[1945]] &ndash; A [[Tornado outbreak of February 12, 1945|devastating tornado outbreak]] in [[Mississippi]] and [[Alabama]] kills 45 people and injures 427 others.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Grazulis |first1=Thomas P. |title=Significant tornadoes, 1680–1991: A Chronology and Analysis of Events |date=1993 |publisher=Environmental Films |location=St. Johnsbury, Vermont |isbn=1-879362-03-1 |pages=922–925}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=F. C. Pate (United States Weather Bureau) |title=The Tornado at Montgomery, Alabama, February 12, 1945 |journal=Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society |date=October 1946 |volume=27 |issue=8 |pages=462–464 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26257954 |access-date=27 May 2023 |publisher=American Meteorological Society|jstor=26257954 }}</ref>
*[[1946]] &ndash; [[World War II]]: [[Operation Deadlight]] ends after scuttling 121 of 154 captured [[U-boat]]s.
*  1946   &ndash; [[African Americans|African American]] [[United States Army]] veteran [[Isaac Woodard]] is severely beaten by a [[South Carolina]] police officer to the point where he loses his vision in both eyes. The incident later galvanizes the [[civil rights movement]] and partially inspires [[Orson Welles]]' film ''[[Touch of Evil]]''.
*[[1947]] &ndash; The [[Sikhote-Alin meteorite|largest observed iron meteorite]] until that time creates an [[impact crater]] in [[Sikhote-Alin]], in the [[Soviet Union]].
*  1947   &ndash; [[Christian Dior]] unveils a "[[Christian Dior SE#"New Look"|New Look]]", helping Paris regain its position as the capital of the fashion world.
*[[1961]] &ndash; The Soviet Union launches ''[[Venera 1]]'' towards [[Venus]].
*[[1963]] &ndash; Construction begins on the [[Gateway Arch]] in [[St. Louis]], [[Missouri]].
*1963   &ndash; [[Northwest Orient Airlines Flight 705]] crashes into the [[Everglades]] shortly after takeoff from [[Miami International Airport]], killing all 45 people on board.<ref name="ASN">{{cite web |title=ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 720-051B N724US Everglades, FL |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19630212-0 |access-date=24 March 2022 |website=aviation-safety.net |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
*1966 &ndash; [[Murder of Morris Adler|Rabbi Morris Adler]] is fatally shot by a disgruntled congregant at [[Congregation Shaarey Zedek]] in [[Southfield, Michigan]], United States.<ref>{{Cite book |last=LoCicero |first=T. V. |title=Murder in the synagogue |date=1970 |publisher=Prentice-Hall |isbn=978-0-13-606590-6 |location=Englewood Cliffs, N.J}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Bolkosky |first=Sidney M. |title=Harmony & dissonance: voices of Jewish identity in Detroit, 1914-1967 |date=1991 |publisher=Wayne State University Press |isbn=978-0-8143-1933-8 |location=Detroit}}</ref>
*[[1965]] &ndash; [[Malcolm X]] visits [[Smethwick]] near Birmingham following the racially-charged [[1964 United Kingdom general election]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-birmingham-31417235|title=Malcolm X's visit to Smethwick remembered in pictures|date=12 February 2015|website=BBC News|access-date=11 February 2020}}</ref>
*[[1968]] &ndash; [[Phong Nhị and Phong Nhất massacre]].
*[[1974]] &ndash; [[Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn]], winner of the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]] in [[1970]], is exiled from the Soviet Union.
*[[1983]] &ndash; One hundred women protest in [[Lahore]], Pakistan against military dictator [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq|Zia-ul-Haq]]'s proposed Law of Evidence. The women were tear-gassed, baton-charged and thrown into lock-up. The women were successful in repealing the law.
*[[1988]] &ndash; [[Cold War]]: The [[1988 Black Sea bumping incident]]: The U.S. missile cruiser {{USS|Yorktown|CG-48}} is intentionally rammed by the Soviet frigate ''[[Ukrainian frigate Dnipropetrovsk|Bezzavetnyy]]'' in the Soviet [[territorial waters]], while ''Yorktown'' claims [[innocent passage]].
*[[1990]] &ndash; [[Carmen Lawrence]] becomes the first female Premier in Australian history when she becomes [[Premier of Western Australia]].
*[[1992]] &ndash; The current [[Constitution of Mongolia]] comes into effect.
*[[1993]] &ndash; Two-year-old [[Murder of James Bulger|James Bulger]] is abducted from [[New Strand Shopping Centre]] by two ten-year-old boys, who later torture and murder him.
*[[1994]] &ndash; Four thieves break into the [[National Gallery of Norway]] and steal [[Edvard Munch]]'s iconic painting ''[[The Scream]]''.
*[[1999]] &ndash; United States President [[Bill Clinton]] is acquitted by the [[United States Senate]] in his [[Impeachment of Bill Clinton|impeachment]] trial.
*[[2001]] &ndash; [[NEAR Shoemaker]] spacecraft touches down in the "[[Col|saddle]]" region of [[433 Eros]], becoming the first spacecraft to land on an [[asteroid]].
*[[2002]] &ndash; The [[trial of Slobodan Milošević]], the former President of the [[Serbia and Montenegro|Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]], begins at the [[United Nations]] [[International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia]] in [[The Hague]], Netherlands. He dies four years later before its conclusion.
*  2002   &ndash; An [[Iran Airtour]] [[Tupolev Tu-154]] [[Iran Air Tours Flight 956|crashes]] in the mountains outside [[Khorramabad]], Iran while descending for a landing at [[Khorramabad Airport]], killing 119.
*[[2004]] &ndash; The city of [[San Francisco]] begins issuing [[San Francisco 2004 same-sex weddings|marriage licenses]] to same-sex couples in response to a directive from [[Mayor of San Francisco|Mayor]] [[Gavin Newsom]].
*[[2009]] &ndash; [[Colgan Air Flight 3407]] crashes into a house in [[Clarence Center, New York]] while on approach to [[Buffalo Niagara International Airport]], killing all on board and one on the ground.
*[[2016]] &ndash; [[Pope Francis]] and [[Patriarch Kirill]] sign an [[Joint Declaration of Pope Francis and Patriarch Kirill|Ecumenical Declaration]] in the first such meeting between leaders of the [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] and [[Russian Orthodox Church]]es since their [[East–West Schism|split in 1054]].
*[[2019]] &ndash; The country known as the Republic of Macedonia renames itself the [[Republic of North Macedonia]] in accordance with the [[Prespa agreement]], settling [[Macedonia naming dispute|a long-standing naming dispute]] with [[Greece]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vlada.mk/node/16763?ln=en-gb|title=Announcement of the Government of the Republic of North Macedonia for entry into force of the Final Agreement, Constitutional Amendments and Constitutional Law for Implementation of Amendments|date=2019-02-12|website=Влада на Република Северна Македонија|language=mk|access-date=2019-02-14}}</ref>