Editing February 8 (section)

==Events==
===Pre-1600===
* [[421]] &ndash; [[Constantius III]] becomes [[Roman emperor|co-emperor]] of the [[Western Roman Empire]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Constantius III {{!}} Biography & Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Constantius-III |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |archive-date=2022-12-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221216212934/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Constantius-III |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[1238]] &ndash; The [[Mongol Empire|Mongols]] burn the Russian city of [[Vladimir, Russia|Vladimir]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Grigorjevič |first=Jan Vasilij |title=Batu-kan istorijski roman |publisher=[[Prosvjeta]] |others=Translated by Nikola Tomičić; Illustrated by Đorđe Lobačev |year=1991 |isbn=8607005944 |location=Belgrade |language=sr |oclc=438360055}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Shubin |first=Daniel H. |title=A History of Russian Christianity |date=February 2, 2004 |publisher=Algora Pub. |isbn=9780875862897 |edition=Volume 1 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[1250]] &ndash; [[Seventh Crusade]]: Crusaders engage [[Ayyubid dynasty|Ayyubid]] forces in the [[Battle of Mansurah (1250)|Battle of Al Mansurah]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Rogers |first=Clifford J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mzwpq6bLHhMC&pg=PA567 |title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology |date=June 21, 2010 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-533403-6 |edition=1st |pages=567 |language=en |access-date=February 6, 2019 |archive-date=January 28, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128095249/https://books.google.com/books?id=mzwpq6bLHhMC&pg=PA567#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[1347]] &ndash; The [[Byzantine civil war of 1341–47]] ends with a power-sharing agreement between [[John VI Kantakouzenos]] and [[John V Palaiologos]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nicol |first=Donald M. |title=The Last Centuries of Byzantium, 1261–1453 |date=October 29, 1993 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0-521-43991-6 |edition=2nd |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=de Vries-Van der Velden |first=Eva |title=L'élite byzantine devant l'avance turque à l'époque de la guerre civile de 1341 à 1354 |publisher=J.C. Gieben |year=1989 |isbn=978-90-5063-026-9 |location=Amsterdam |language=fr |oclc=22210318}}</ref>
*[[1587]] &ndash; [[Mary, Queen of Scots]] is executed on suspicion of having been involved in the [[Babington Plot]] to murder her cousin, [[Elizabeth I of England|Queen Elizabeth I]].<ref name=":1">{{cite web |title=Mary Queen of Scots |url=https://www.westminster-abbey.org/abbey-commemorations/royals/mary-queen-of-scots |website=[[Westminster Abbey]] |access-date=8 October 2022 |language=en |archive-date=8 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008133609/https://www.westminster-abbey.org/abbey-commemorations/royals/mary-queen-of-scots |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Catholicism in the Elizabethan age - WJEC Catholic plots - Ridolfi, Throckmorton, Babington|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zpy9fcw/revision/4|website=[[BBC Bitesize]]|access-date=8 October 2022|archive-date=8 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008133952/https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zpy9fcw/revision/4|url-status=live}}</ref>

===1601–1900===
*[[1601]] &ndash; [[Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex]], [[Essex's Rebellion|unsuccessfully rebels]] against Queen Elizabeth I.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shakespeare |first1=William |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=udkmAQAAMAAJ |title=The Riverside Shakespeare |last2=Evans |first2=Gwynne Blakemore |date=December 31, 1996 |publisher=[[Houghton Mifflin]] |isbn=978-0395858226 |editor-last=Tobin |editor-first=Joseph Jay |edition=2nd |page=84 |language=en |access-date=February 8, 2021 |archive-date=January 28, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128095202/https://books.google.com/books?id=udkmAQAAMAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-06 |title=Robert Devereux, 2nd earl of Essex {{!}} English Soldier, Courtier & Politician |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Robert-Devereux-2nd-earl-of-Essex |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |archive-date=2020-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731044405/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Robert-Devereux-2nd-earl-of-Essex |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[1693]] &ndash; The [[College of William & Mary]] in [[Williamsburg, Virginia]], the [[Colonial colleges|second-oldest institution]] of [[higher education]] in the [[Thirteen Colonies]], is granted a charter by [[William III of England|King William III]] and [[Mary II of England|Queen Mary II]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=History & Traditions |url=https://www.wm.edu/about/history/ |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=[[College of William & Mary]] |language=en |archive-date=2018-11-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106182953/https://www.wm.edu/about/history/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[1807]] &ndash; [[Napoleon]] defeats the [[War of the Fourth Coalition|coalition forces]] of [[Russian Empire|Russian General]] [[Levin August, Count von Bennigsen|Bennigsen]] and [[Prussia|Prussian General]] [[Anton Wilhelm von L'Estocq|L'Estocq]] at the [[Battle of Eylau]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Book of Dates; Or, Treasury of Universal Reference: ... New and Revised Edition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vxJXAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA570|year=1866|publisher=C. Griffin & Company|pages=570|access-date=2021-02-08|archive-date=2024-01-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128095258/https://books.google.com/books?id=vxJXAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA570#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Battle of Eylau {{!}} Summary |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Eylau |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |archive-date=2015-09-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905150600/https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Eylau |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[1817]] &ndash; [[Army of the Andes|An army]] led by [[Grand marshal|Grand Marshal]] [[Juan Gregorio de las Heras|Las Heras]] [[crossing of the Andes|crosses the Andes]] to join [[José de San Martín|San Martín]] in the [[Chilean War of Independence|liberation of Chile]] from [[Spanish Empire|Spain]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Fernández |first=José B. |title=José de San Martín: Latin America's Quiet Hero |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cFmUmwGTCeQC |year=1994 |publisher=[[Millbrook Press]] |isbn=978-1-56294-383-7 |page=23 |access-date=2021-02-08 |archive-date=2024-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128095203/https://books.google.com/books?id=cFmUmwGTCeQC |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Army of the Andes {{!}} Liberation, San Martín & Chile |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Army-of-the-Andes |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |archive-date=2023-03-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230309110238/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Army-of-the-Andes |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[1837]] &ndash; [[Richard Mentor Johnson|Richard Johnson]] becomes the first and only [[Vice President of the United States]] chosen by the [[United States Senate|Senate]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Senate: The Senate Elects a Vice President |url=https://www.senate.gov/about/officers-staff/vice-president/senate-elects-vice-president.htm |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=[[US Senate]] |archive-date=2023-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331101939/https://www.senate.gov/about/officers-staff/vice-president/senate-elects-vice-president.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-10-04 |title=Richard M. Johnson (1837–1841) |url=https://millercenter.org/president/vanburen/essays/johnson-1837-vicepresident |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=[[Miller Center]] |language=en |archive-date=2024-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128095239/https://millercenter.org/president/vanburen/essays/johnson-1837-vicepresident |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[1865]] &ndash; [[Delaware]] refuses to ratify the [[Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution]], delaying the [[Slavery in the United States|criminalization of slavery]] until the amendment's national adoption on December 6, 1865.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-11 |title=Which Side of Black History is Delaware on? |url=https://www.aclu-de.org/en/news/which-side-black-history-delaware |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=[[ACLU|ACLU Delaware]] |language=en |archive-date=2023-05-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531201550/https://www.aclu-de.org/en/news/which-side-black-history-delaware |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Constitutional Amendments – Amendment 13 – 'The Abolition of Slavery' |url=https://www.reaganlibrary.gov/constitutional-amendments-amendment-13-abolition-slavery |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=[[Ronald Reagan Presidential Library]] |language=en |archive-date=2023-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005053628/https://www.reaganlibrary.gov/constitutional-amendments-amendment-13-abolition-slavery |url-status=live }}</ref> The amendment is ultimately ratified by Delaware on February 12, 1901, the 92nd anniversary of [[Abraham Lincoln|Abraham Lincoln's]] birth.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-06-19 |title=What is Juneteenth? |url=https://www.ywcade.org/juneteenth/ |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=[[YMCA|YWCA Delaware]] |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005053627/https://www.ywcade.org/juneteenth/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Today in History - February 12 |url=https://www.loc.gov/item/today-in-history/february-12/ |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=[[Library of Congress]] |archive-date=2023-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005055546/https://www.loc.gov/item/today-in-history/february-12/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[1879]] &ndash; [[Sandford Fleming]] first proposes the adoption of [[Universal Standard Time]] at a meeting of the [[Royal Canadian Institute]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sir Sandford Fleming, the Father of Standard Time |url=https://www.thoughtco.com/sir-sandford-fleming-1991817 |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=[[ThoughtCo]] |language=en |archive-date=2023-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005053627/https://www.thoughtco.com/sir-sandford-fleming-1991817 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2013-04-03 |title=Honorary Member: Sandford Fleming |url=https://rasc.ca/honorary-member-sandford-fleming |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=[[Royal Astronomical Society of Canada]] |language=en |archive-date=2023-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005053627/https://rasc.ca/honorary-member-sandford-fleming |url-status=live }}</ref>
*  1879   &ndash; [[England cricket team|England's cricket team]], led by [[George Harris, 4th Baron Harris|Lord Harris]], is [[Sydney Riot of 1879|attacked in a riot during a match]] in [[Sydney]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article885753|work=[[The Courier-Mail|The Brisbane Courier]]|title=Lord Harris and the Sydney Cricketers!|page=3|date=30 May 1879|access-date=26 February 2021|archive-date=9 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231109232028/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/885753|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[1885]] &ndash; The first [[Japanese in Hawaii|Japanese immigrants]] arrive in [[Hawaiian Kingdom|Hawaii]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Japanese Immigrants Arrive in Hawaii |url=https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/japanese-immigrants-arrive-hawaii |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=[[National Geographic]] |language=en |archive-date=2023-11-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231109231926/https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/japanese-immigrants-arrive-hawaii/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tomizo and Tokujiro |url=https://byustudies.byu.edu/article/tomizo-and-tokujiro-the-first-japanese-mormons/ |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=[[BYU Studies Quarterly]] |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005053628/https://byustudies.byu.edu/article/tomizo-and-tokujiro-the-first-japanese-mormons/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[1887]] &ndash; The [[Dawes Act]] is enacted, authorizing the [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] to divide [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] tribal land into [[List of Indian reservations in the United States|individual allotments]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-09 |title=Dawes Act (1887) |url=https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/dawes-act |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=[[US National Archives]] |language=en |archive-date=2023-10-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014173752/https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/dawes-act |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=History – ILTF |url=https://iltf.org/land-issues/history/ |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=Indian Land Tenure Foundation |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-11-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231109232506/https://iltf.org/land-issues/history/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dawes General Allotment Act {{!}} History, Significance, & Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Dawes-General-Allotment-Act |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |archive-date=2023-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922055540/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Dawes-General-Allotment-Act |url-status=live }}</ref>

===1901–present===
*[[1904]] &ndash; [[Empire of Japan|Japanese forces]] launch a [[Battle of Port Arthur|surprise attack]] against [[Russian Empire|Russian-controlled]] [[Lushun|Port Arthur]], marking the start of the [[Russo-Japanese War|Russo-Japanese war]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Battle of Port Arthur |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Port-Arthur |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |archive-date=2023-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005053627/https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Port-Arthur |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Saelee |first=Mike |title=Research Guides: Russo-Japanese War: Topics in Chronicling America: Introduction |url=https://guides.loc.gov/chronicling-america-russo-japanese-war/introduction |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=[[Library of Congress]] |language=en |archive-date=2023-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005053626/https://guides.loc.gov/chronicling-america-russo-japanese-war/introduction |url-status=live }}</ref>
*  1904   &ndash; The [[Royal Netherlands East Indies Army|Dutch Colonial Army]]'s [[Korps Marechaussee te voet|Marechaussee]] regiment led by [[General officer|General]] [[Gotfried Coenraad Ernst van Daalen|G.C.E. van Daalen]] launch a [[Aceh War#Pacification|military campaign]] in the [[Dutch East Indies]]' [[North Sumatra|Northern Sumatra]] region, leading to the deaths of thousands of civilians.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Acehnese War {{!}} Sumatra, Netherlands & Sultanate of Aceh |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Acehnese-War |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |archive-date=2023-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005053627/https://www.britannica.com/event/Acehnese-War |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Zwitzer |first=H.L. |year=1989 |title=Daalen, Gotfried Coenraad Ernst van (1863–1930) |url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/bwn1880-2000/lemmata/bwn3/daalen |access-date=26 January 2022 |website=[[Huygens Institute for the History of the Netherlands]] |language=nl |archive-date=22 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230522090017/https://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/bwn1880-2000/lemmata/bwn3/daalen |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Sidarto |first=Linawati |title=Images of a grisly past |date=2011 |url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/06/23/grisly-images.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110627150918/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/06/23/grisly-images.html |archive-date=27 June 2011 |access-date=2011-06-26 |website=[[The Jakarta Post]]}}</ref>
*[[1910]] &ndash; The [[Boy Scouts of America]] is incorporated by [[William D. Boyce]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=William Dickson Boyce |url=https://wdboyce.org/about-w-d-boyce/ |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=[[W. D. Boyce Council, BSA]] |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005053630/https://wdboyce.org/about-w-d-boyce/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=W.D. Boyce Council, Boy Scouts of America Endowment Fund |url=https://mortoncommunityfoundation.org/wd-boyce |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=Morton Community Foundation |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005053628/https://mortoncommunityfoundation.org/wd-boyce |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[1915]] &ndash; [[D. W. Griffith]]'s controversial landmark film ''[[The Birth of a Nation]]'' premieres in [[Los Angeles]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Lang |first=Robert |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rKOgVk13vawC&pg=PA30 |title=The Birth of a Nation: D.W. Griffith, Director |publisher=[[Rutgers University Press]] |year=1994 |isbn=9780813520278 |pages=30 |language=en |access-date=2021-02-26 |archive-date=2023-11-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231109232543/https://books.google.com/books?id=rKOgVk13vawC&pg=PA30#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[1924]] &ndash; The first state [[Capital punishment in the United States|execution in the United States]] by [[gas chamber]] [[Gee Jon|takes place]] in [[Nevada]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Apoyan |first=Jackie |date=2015-12-09 |title=Nevada gas chamber chair goes on display |url=https://themobmuseum.org/blog/nevada-gas-chamber-chair-goes-on-display/ |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=[[The Mob Museum]] |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-04-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404125755/https://themobmuseum.org/blog/nevada-gas-chamber-chair-goes-on-display/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Gas chamber {{!}} Execution Device & History |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/gas-chamber |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |archive-date=2015-06-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150628133911/https://www.britannica.com/topic/gas-chamber |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[1937]] &ndash; [[Spanish Civil War]]: [[Republican faction (Spanish Civil War)|Republican forces]] establish the [[Interprovincial Council of Santander, Palencia and Burgos]] in [[Cantabria]].<ref>{{cite book |url=http://centrodeestudiosmontaneses.com/wp-content/uploads/DOC_CEM/BIBLIOTECA/EDICION_CEM/una_efimera_autonomia_2011.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190125185310/http://centrodeestudiosmontaneses.com/wp-content/uploads/DOC_CEM/BIBLIOTECA/EDICION_CEM/una_efimera_autonomia_2011.pdf |archive-date=2019-01-25 |url-status=live|title=Una efímera autonomía (Consejo Interprovincial de Santander, Palencia y Burgos)|first=Miguel Ángel|last=Solla Gutiérrez|isbn=978-84-938671-3-3|publisher=Centro de Estudios Montañeses|location=[[Santander, Spain|Santander]]|year=2011|language=es}}</ref>
*[[1942]] &ndash; [[World War II]]: [[Battle of Singapore|Japan invades Singapore]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=World War II - Fall of Singapore, Japanese Occupation, British Surrender |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/World-War-II/The-fall-of-Singapore |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |archive-date=2023-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005053627/https://www.britannica.com/event/World-War-II/The-fall-of-Singapore |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Battle of Singapore 80 years on |url=https://www.cwgc.org/our-work/blog/the-battle-of-singapore-80-years-on/ |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=[[Commonwealth War Graves Commission]] |language=en |archive-date=2023-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005053627/https://www.cwgc.org/our-work/blog/the-battle-of-singapore-80-years-on/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[1945]] &ndash; World War II: [[British Armed Forces|British]] and [[Canadian Armed Forces|Canadian forces]] commence [[Operation Veritable]] to occupy [[Rhineland|land between]] the [[Meuse|Maas]] and [[Rhine|Rhine rivers]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-03-28 |title=Liberation of the Netherlands and Capitulation of Germany |url=https://www.junobeach.org/canada-in-wwii/articles/liberation-of-the-netherlands-and-capitulation-of-germany/ |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=[[Juno Beach Centre]] |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-11-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231109061324/https://www.junobeach.org/canada-in-wwii/articles/liberation-of-the-netherlands-and-capitulation-of-germany/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
*  1945   &ndash; World War II: [[Mikhail Devyataev]] escapes with nine other [[Soviet POWs in Nazi Germany|Soviet POWs]] from a [[Nazi concentration camps|Nazi concentration camp]] in [[Peenemünde]], [[Usedom]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Life and the feat of Mikhail Devyatayev |url=https://en.odkb-csto.org/75-letie-pobedy/pobeda-na-vsekh-odna/zhizn-i-podvig-mikhaila-devyataeva/#loaded |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=[[CSTO]] |archive-date=2023-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005053628/https://en.odkb-csto.org/75-letie-pobedy/pobeda-na-vsekh-odna/zhizn-i-podvig-mikhaila-devyataeva/#loaded |url-status=live }}</ref>
*  [[1946]] &ndash; The [[People's Republic of Korea]] is dissolved in the [[North Korea|North]] and replaced by the [[Communist Party of Korea|communist]]-controlled [[Provisional People's Committee of North Korea]].<ref>{{cite book |title=The Making of Modern Korea |url =https://archive.org/details/makingmodernkore00buzo |url-access=limited |last=Buzo |first=Adrian |year=2002 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=London |isbn=0-415-23749-1 |page=[https://archive.org/details/makingmodernkore00buzo/page/n70 60]}}</ref>
*[[1950]] &ndash; The [[Stasi]], the secret police of [[East Germany]], is established.<ref>{{cite book|last=Fulbrook|first=Mary|title=Anatomy of a Dictatorship: Inside the GDR, 1949-1989|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-Z3tAAAAMAAJ|year=1995|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-19-820312-4|page=47|access-date=2021-02-08|archive-date=2023-11-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231109232438/https://books.google.com/books?id=-Z3tAAAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-13 |title=Stasi {{!}} Meaning, Facts, Methods, & Files |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Stasi |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |archive-date=2023-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230924205027/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Stasi |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[1960]] &ndash; [[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] issues an [[Order-in-Council]], proclaiming the [[House of Windsor]] and declaring that her descendants will take the name [[Mountbatten-Windsor]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-23 |title=House of Windsor {{!}} History, Family Tree, & Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/house-of-Windsor |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |archive-date=2023-01-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230109070715/https://www.britannica.com/topic/house-of-Windsor |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The centenary of the creation of the House of Windsor |url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/all-notices/content/101228 |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=[[The London Gazette|The Gazette]] |archive-date=2023-04-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418170007/https://www.thegazette.co.uk/all-notices/content/101228 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*  1960   &ndash; The [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] is founded.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the Walk of Fame|url=https://walkoffame.com/history/|access-date=2022-02-08|website=[[Hollywood Walk of Fame]]|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-02-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220208072535/https://walkoffame.com/history/|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[1962]] &ndash; [[Charonne subway massacre|Nine protestors are killed]] at [[Charonne station]], Paris, by [[Law enforcement in France|French police]] under the command of ex-[[Vichy France|Vichy official]] and [[Paris Police Prefecture|Parisian Prefect of Police]] [[Maurice Papon]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Johnson |first=Douglas |date=2007-02-19 |title=Maurice Papon |language=en-GB |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2007/feb/19/guardianobituaries.france |access-date=2023-10-04 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=2023-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005053627/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2007/feb/19/guardianobituaries.france |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Duhan |first=John |date=June 12, 2013 |title=Vive le Proletariat: The 1968 Revolt of French Workers and Students |url=https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3381&context=honors_theses |website=[[Western Michigan University]] |access-date=October 4, 2023 |archive-date=October 31, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031130609/https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3381&context=honors_theses |url-status=live }}</ref>
*  [[1963]] &ndash; The regime of [[Prime Minister of Iraq]] [[Abd al-Karim Qasim]] is [[Ramadan Revolution|overthrown]] by the [[Ba'ath Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=ʿAbd al-Karīm Qāsim {{!}} Iraqi Prime Minister, Revolutionary Leader |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Abd-al-Karim-Qasim |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |archive-date=2022-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221202030812/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Abd-al-Karim-Qasim |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Events 1950-1979 |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/globalconnections/mideast/timeline/text/time4.html |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=[[PBS]] |archive-date=2023-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429052819/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/globalconnections/mideast/timeline/text/time4.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rusk |first=Dean |author-link=Dean Rusk |date=February 9, 1963 |title=154. Memorandum From Secretary of State Rusk to President Kennedy |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1961-63v18/d154 |url-status=live |website=[[Office of the Historian]] |access-date=November 9, 2023 |archive-date=June 12, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230612220519/https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1961-63v18/d154 }}</ref>
*[[1965]] &ndash; [[Eastern Air Lines Flight 663]] crashes into the [[Atlantic Ocean]] and explodes, killing all 84 people onboard.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Civil Aeronautics Board |author-link=Civil Aeronautics Board |date=November 14, 1966 |title=Investigation of Aircraft Accident: Eastern Airlines: Jones Beach, L.I., N.Y.: 1965-02-08 |url=https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/33711 |url-status=live |website=[[National Transportation Library#ROSA P|ROSA P]] |access-date=2023-11-09 |language=English |archive-date=2023-08-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811134433/https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/33711 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Bigart |first=Homer |date=February 9, 1965 |title=Debris Is Found; Ships Search Area – Eastern Plane Was on Way South 84 Lost as DC-7 Crashes into the Atlantic Near Jones Beach Debris Is Found By Serch (sic) Ships But No Survivors Are Seen – Eastern Airliner Had Left Here for South |page=1 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1965/02/09/archives/debris-is-found-ships-search-area-eastern-plane-was-on-way-south-84.html |url-status=live |access-date=2009-12-07 |archive-date=2018-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180829212102/https://www.nytimes.com/1965/02/09/archives/debris-is-found-ships-search-area-eastern-plane-was-on-way-south-84.html }}</ref>
*[[1968]] &ndash; [[American civil rights movement]]: An [[Orangeburg Massacre|attack on Black students]] from [[South Carolina State University]] who are protesting [[racial segregation]] leaves three dead and 28 injured in [[Orangeburg, South Carolina]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Feb. 8, 1968: Orangeburg Massacre |url=https://www.zinnedproject.org/news/tdih/orangeburg-massacre/ |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=Zinn Education Project |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005053627/https://www.zinnedproject.org/news/tdih/orangeburg-massacre/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=A Remembrance of the Orangeburg Massacre |url=https://sc.edu/study/colleges_schools/education/research/units/museum/past_programs/orangeburg.php |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=[[University of South Carolina]] |archive-date=2023-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005053628/https://sc.edu/study/colleges_schools/education/research/units/museum/past_programs/orangeburg.php |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[1971]] &ndash; The [[NASDAQ]] [[stock market index]] opens for the first time.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Terrell |first=Ellen |title=Research Guides: Wall Street and the Stock Exchanges: Historical Resources: Stock Exchanges |url=https://guides.loc.gov/wall-street-history/exchanges |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=[[Library of Congress]] |language=en |archive-date=2022-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220804230415/https://guides.loc.gov/wall-street-history/exchanges |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-08 |title=NASDAQ {{!}} Stock Market, Exchange, Trading Definition |url=https://www.britannica.com/money/NASDAQ |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |archive-date=2023-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005053630/https://www.britannica.com/money/NASDAQ |url-status=live }}</ref>
*  1971   &ndash; [[Army of the Republic of Vietnam|South Vietnamese ground troops]] [[Operation Lam Son 719|launch an incursion]] into [[Laos]] to try to cut off the [[Ho Chi Minh trail]] and stop [[People's Army of Vietnam|communist infiltration]] into the country.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mello |first=Lawrence |title=Primary Sources: Vietnam War Operation Lam Son 719 (1971) |url=https://libguides.fau.edu/vietnam-war/us-military-lam-son-719 |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=[[Florida Atlantic University Library]] |language=en |archive-date=2023-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005053627/https://libguides.fau.edu/vietnam-war/us-military-lam-son-719 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Battlefield: Vietnam {{!}} Timeline |url=https://www.pbs.org/battlefieldvietnam/timeline/index3.html |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=[[PBS]] |archive-date=2023-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005053627/https://www.pbs.org/battlefieldvietnam/timeline/index3.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[1974]] &ndash; The crew of [[Skylab 4]], the last mission to visit the American [[space station]] [[Skylab]], returns to Earth after 84 days in [[outer space|space]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-16 |title=The Real Story of the Skylab 4 "Strike" in Space |url=https://www.nasa.gov/history/the-real-story-of-the-skylab-4-strike-in-space/ |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=[[NASA]] |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005053627/https://www.nasa.gov/history/the-real-story-of-the-skylab-4-strike-in-space/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Skylab 4 |url=https://www.nasa.gov/mission/skylab-4/ |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=[[NASA]] |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005053627/https://www.nasa.gov/mission/skylab-4/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-03-20 |title=Skylab: The myth of the mutiny in space |language=en-GB |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/stories-56346001 |access-date=2023-10-04 |archive-date=2023-03-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315034916/https://www.bbc.com/news/stories-56346001 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[1983]] &ndash; A [[1983 Melbourne dust storm|dust storm hits Melbourne]], resulting in the worst drought on record and severe weather conditions in the city.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-15 |title=Ash Wednesday 1983 |url=https://www.ffm.vic.gov.au/history-and-incidents/ash-wednesday-1983 |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=[[Country Fire Authority|Forest Fire Management Victoria]] |language=en |archive-date=2023-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231019132503/https://www.ffm.vic.gov.au/history-and-incidents/ash-wednesday-1983 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*  1983   &ndash; Irish race horse [[Shergar]] is stolen and allegedly killed by gunmen in a ransom attempt by the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army|PIRA]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=McKenzie |first=Sheena |date=2013-02-07 |title=Whodunnit? Sport's greatest unsolved kidnapping 30 years on |url=https://www.cnn.com/2013/02/07/sport/shergar-race-horse-kidnapping-ira-30-anniversary/index.html |access-date=2023-10-06 |website=[[CNN]] |language=en |archive-date=2023-10-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007114455/https://www.cnn.com/2013/02/07/sport/shergar-race-horse-kidnapping-ira-30-anniversary/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[1986]] &ndash; Twenty-three people are killed when a [[Via Rail|VIA Rail]] passenger train [[Hinton train collision|collides]] with a [[Canadian National Railway|Canadian National]] freight train near the town of [[Hinton, Alberta]], making it one of the worst rail accidents in Canada.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-02-08 |title=25th anniversary of train disaster in Hinton |url=https://edmonton.ctvnews.ca/25th-anniversary-of-train-disaster-in-hinton-1.605559 |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=[[CTV Television Network|CTV]] |language=en |archive-date=2023-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005053628/https://edmonton.ctvnews.ca/25th-anniversary-of-train-disaster-in-hinton-1.605559 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=February 8, 2006 |title=Hinton remembers deadly rail disaster |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/hinton-remembers-deadly-rail-disaster-1.624380 |website=[[CBC.ca]] |access-date=October 4, 2023 |archive-date=November 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231109232442/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/hinton-remembers-deadly-rail-disaster-1.624380 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[1989]] &ndash; [[Independent Air Flight 1851]] strikes [[Pico Alto (Santa Maria)|Pico Alto]] mountain while on approach to [[Santa Maria Airport (Azores)|Santa Maria Airport]] in the [[Azores]], killing all 144 passengers on board.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Wise |first=Peter |date=1989-02-09 |title=144 are feared dead in Azores plane crash |language=en-US |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1989/02/09/144-are-feared-dead-in-azores-plane-crash/e0ec0959-ed82-4947-a951-52a0ce17e0c4/ |access-date=2020-08-21 |issn=0190-8286}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1989-02-09 |title=The jet that crashed in the Azores Wednesday, killing... |work=[[UPI]] |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1989/02/08/The-jet-that-crashed-in-the-Azores-Wednesday-killing/3182602917200/ |access-date=2020-08-21}}</ref>
*  [[1993]] &ndash; An [[Iran Airtour|Iran Air Tours]] [[Tupolev Tu-154]] and an [[Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force|Iranian Air Force]] [[Sukhoi Su-24]] [[1993 Tehran mid-air collision|collide mid-air]] near [[Qods, Iran]], killing all 133 people onboard both aircraft.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19930208-0|title=ASN Aircraft accident Tupolev Tu-154M EP-ITD Tehran-Mehrabad Airport (THR)|last=Ranter|first=Harro|website=[[Aviation Safety Network]]|access-date=2019-10-25|archive-date=2018-11-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181109083226/http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19930208-0|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=February 9, 1993 |title=Planes collide over Iran, killing at least 132 |language=en-US |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1993/02/09/planes-collide-over-iran-killing-at-least-132/50aa94cf-b011-480c-a731-5b3fdd7a0c9f/ |access-date=2023-11-09 |issn=0190-8286}}</ref>
*[[2010]] &ndash; Over {{convert|2|miles}} of road are buried after a storm in the [[Hindu Kush]] mountains of [[Afghanistan]] triggers a [[2010 Salang avalanches|series of avalanches]], killing at least 172 people and trapping over 2,000 others.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nordland |first=Rod |date=2010-02-09 |title=Avalanches Kill Dozens on Mountain Highway in Afghanistan |language=en-US |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/10/world/asia/10avalanche.html |access-date=2023-10-04 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=2010-02-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100219165702/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/10/world/asia/10avalanche.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-02-10 |title=Deadly avalanches in Afghanistan |url=http://www.nbcnews.com/slideshow/deadly-avalanches-afghanistan-35331272 |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=[[NBC News]] |language=en}}</ref>
*[[2013]] &ndash; [[February 2013 North American blizzard|A blizzard]] kills at least 18 and leaves hundreds of thousands of people without electricity in the [[northeastern United States]] and parts of Canada.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-02-09 |title=U.S. blizzard kills two, leaves thousands without power |language=en |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-usa-weather-idUSLNE91700U20130209 |access-date=2023-10-04 |archive-date=2023-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005053627/https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-usa-weather-idUSLNE91700U20130209 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Harris |first=Paul |date=2013-02-09 |title=Snowstorm knocks out power for thousands across north-east US |language=en-GB |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/feb/09/snowstorm-knocks-out-power-northeast |access-date=2023-10-04 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=2023-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005053630/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/feb/09/snowstorm-knocks-out-power-northeast |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[2014]] &ndash; A [[2014 Medina hotel fire|hotel fire]] in [[Medina, Saudi Arabia]], kills 15 [[Egypt]]ian pilgrims with 130 others injured.<ref>{{cite news|title=Fifteen pilgrims die in Saudi Arabia hotel fire: report|date=8 February 2014|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-fire-idUSBREA170OP20140208|work=[[Reuters]]|accessdate=9 February 2014|archive-date=6 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306063351/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-fire-idUSBREA170OP20140208|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[2020]] &ndash; A soldier [[Nakhon Ratchasima shootings|opens fire]] in a [[military camp]] and a shopping center in [[Nakhon Ratchasima]], [[Thailand]], killing 29 people and injuring 58 others before being shot dead by [[Royal Thai Police|police]] the next day. It is considered the deadliest mass shooting in the country's history.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Reporters |first=Online |date=2020-02-09 |title=Hunt continues for soldier who killed 20 |url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/1853334/17-killed-as-soldier-opens-fire-in-korat# |access-date=2025-02-07 |work=Bangkok Post |language=en}}</ref>
*[[2023]] &ndash; Two children are killed and six others are injured when a [[Laval daycare bus crash|bus crashes]] into a daycare centre in [[Laval, Quebec]], [[Canada]]. The driver is arrested and [[Criminal charge|charged]] with [[homicide]] and [[dangerous driving]].<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Ferah |first1=Mayssa |last2=Ouellette-Vézina |first2=Henri |last3=Girard-Bossé |first3=Alice |last4=Dussault |first4=Lila |date=2023-02-08 |title=Drame à Laval: Le chauffeur fait face à neuf chefs d'accusation, dont deux meurtres au premier degré |trans-title=Drama in Laval: Driver faces nine charges, including two first-degree murders |url=https://www.lapresse.ca/actualites/justice-et-faits-divers/2023-02-08/drame-a-laval/le-chauffeur-fait-face-a-neuf-chefs-d-accusation-dont-deux-meurtres-au-premier-degre.php |access-date=2025-02-07 |work=La Presse |language=fr-CA}}</ref>