Editing Fish migration (section)

==Classification==
[[File:Ocean migration of Altantic salmon.gif|thumb|right|Ocean migration of Atlantic salmon from [[Connecticut River]]<ref>[http://www.fws.gov/r5crc/Stuff/appc.html Atlantic Salmon Life Cycle] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140115064920/http://www.fws.gov/r5crc/Stuff/appc.html |date=January 15, 2014}} Connecticut River Coordinator's Office, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.</ref>]]

As with various other aspects of fish life, zoologists have developed empirical classifications for fish migrations.<ref name="Secor 2009">{{cite journal|last=Secor |first=David H|author2=Kerr L A|title=Lexicon of life cycle diversity in diadromous and other fishes.|journal=Am. Fish. Soc. Symp.|year=2009|issue=69|pages=537–556}}</ref> The first two following terms have been in long-standing wide usage, while others are of more recent coinage.

* '''''Anadromous''''' – fish that migrate from the sea up (Greek: ἀνά ''aná'', "up" and δρόμος ''drómos'', "course") into fresh water to spawn, such as [[salmon]], [[striped bass]],<ref name="Moyle, P.B 2004">{{cite book | last1=Moyle | first1=Peter B. | last2=Cech | first2=Joseph J. | title=Fishes : an introduction to ichthyology | publisher=Pearson Prentice Hall | publication-place=Upper Saddle River, NJ | date=2004 | isbn=0-13-100847-1 | oclc=52386194}}</ref> and the [[sea lamprey]]<ref name="Silva, S. 2014">Silva, S., Araújo, M. J., Bao, M., Mucientes, G., & Cobo, F. (2014). "The haematophagous feeding stage of anadromous populations of sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus: low host selectivity and wide range of habitats". ''Hydrobiologia'', 734(1), 187–199.</ref>
* '''''Catadromous''''' – fish that migrate from fresh water down (Greek: κατά ''kata'', "down" and δρόμος ''dromos'', "course") into the sea to spawn, such as [[eel]]s<ref name="Moyle, P.B 2004" /><ref name=Tyus2012>{{cite book | last=Tyus | first=Harold M. | title=Ecology and conservation of fishes | publisher=CRC Press | publication-place=Boca Raton, FL | date=2012 | isbn=978-1-4398-9759-1 | oclc=1032266421}}</ref>

[[George S. Myers]] coined the following terms in a 1949 journal article:
* '''''Diadromous''''' – ''all'' fish that migrate between the sea and fresh water. Like the two aforementioned, well-known terms, ''diadromous'' was formed from [[Classical Greek]] ([''dia''], "through"; and [''dromous''], "running").
* '''''Amphidromous''''' – fish that migrate from fresh water to the sea, or vice versa, but not for the purpose of breeding. Instead they enter saltwater or freshwater as larvae, where they will grow into juveniles before returning to the habitat they originally came from and stay there for the rest of their life, growing into sexually mature adults.<ref name="Diadromous fish">[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589004220310348 Investigating Diadromy in Fishes and Its Loss in an -Omics Era]</ref>
* '''''Potamodromous''''' – fish whose migrations occur wholly within fresh water
* '''''Oceanodromous''''' – fish that live and migrate wholly in the sea<ref name="Secor 2009" /><ref name="Myers 1949">{{cite journal |last=Myers| first=George S.| title=Usage of Anadromous, Catadromous and allied terms for migratory fishes| journal =Copeia|year =1949| volume=1949| issue=2| pages=89–97|doi=10.2307/1438482|jstor=1438482}}</ref>

Although these classifications originated for fish, they can apply, in principle, to any aquatic organism.

List of diadromous orders and families, and the number of known species:<ref name="Diadromous fish"/><ref>[https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S2589004220310348-mmc1.pdf Supplemental Information]</ref>

{|class="wikitable"
!Clade
!Order
!Family
!Diadromous
!Anadromous
!Catadromous
!Amphidromous
|-
|rowspan="3"|[[Cyclostomi]]
|rowspan="3"|[[Lamprey]]s
|[[Geotriidae]]
|1
|1
|
|
|-
|[[Mordaciidae]]
|2
|2
|
|
|-
|[[Petromyzontidae]]
|8
|8
|
|
|-
|[[Chondrostei]]
|[[Acipenseriformes]]
|[[Sturgeon]]s
|18
|18
|
|
|-
|rowspan="5"|[[Elopomorpha]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Elopiformes]]
|[[Elopidae]]
|1
|1
|
|
|-
|[[Tarpon]]s
|1
|
|1
|
|-
|rowspan="3"|[[Eel]]s
|[[Anguillidae]]
|16
|
|16
|
|-
|[[Moray eel]]s
|1
|
|1
|
|-
|[[Ophichthidae]]
|1
|1
|
|
|-
|rowspan="11"|[[Otocephala]]
|rowspan="3"|[[Clupeiformes]]
|[[Clupeidae]]
|31
|26
|2
|3
|-
|[[Anchovy|Anchovies]]
|11
|5
|1
|5
|-
|[[Pristigasteridae]]
|7
|4
|
|3
|-
|[[Cypriniformes]]
|[[Cyprinidae]]
|6
|6
|
|
|-
|[[Characiformes]]
|[[Citharinidae]]
|2
|2
|
|
|-
|rowspan="6"|[[Catfish]]
|[[Ariidae]]
|13
|3
|
|10
|-
|[[Bagridae]]
|1
|1
|
|
|-
|[[Claroteidae]]
|1
|1
|
|
|-
|[[Shark catfish]]
|1
|1
|
|
|-
|[[Eeltail catfish]]
|1
|
|
|1
|-
|[[Schilbeidae]]
|1
|
|
|1
|-
|rowspan="2"|[[Protacanthopterygii]]
|Galaxiiformes
|[[Galaxiidae]]
|11
|1
|
|10
|-
|Salmoniformes
|[[Salmonidae]]
|35
|35
|
|
|-
|rowspan="4"|[[Stomiati]]
|rowspan="4"|[[Osmeriformes]]
|[[Smelt (fish)|Smelts]]
|10
|10
|
|
|-
|[[Ayu sweetfish|Plecoglossidae]]
|1
|
|
|1
|-
|[[Retropinnidae]]
|5
|1
|
|4
|-
|[[Salangidae]]
|6
|6
|
|
|-
|rowspan="2"|[[Paracanthopterygii]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Gadiformes]]
|[[Gadidae]]
|1
|1
|
|
|-
|[[Lotidae]]
|1
|1
|
|
|-
|rowspan="30"|[[Percomorpha]]
|[[Ovalentaria]]
|[[Ambassidae]]
|4
|
|1
|3
|-
|rowspan="2"|[[Atheriniformes]]
|[[Old World silverside]]s
|1
|
|
|1
|-
|[[Neotropical silverside]]s
|2
|2
|
|
|-
|Gobiesociformes
|[[Gobiesocidae]]
|1
|
|
|1
|-
|rowspan="3"|[[Gobiiformes]]
|[[Eleotridae]]
|37
|
|5
|32
|-
|[[Gobiidae]]
|103
|2
|
|101
|-
|[[Rhyacichthyidae]]
|2
|
|
|2
|-
|Mugiliformes
|[[Mullet (fish)|Mugilidae]]
|34
|1
|27
|6
|-
|[[Flatfish]]
|[[Pleuronectidae]]
|2
|
|2
|
|-
|[[Syngnathiformes]]
|[[Syngnathidae]]
|5
|
|
|5
|-
|[[Tetraodontiformes]]
|[[Tetraodontidae]]
|2
|2
|
|
|-
|[[Carangiformes]]
|[[Carangidae]]
|2
|
|
|2
|-
|[[Moroniformes]]
|[[Moronidae]]
|2
|2
|
|
|-
|[[Acanthuriformes]]
|[[Sciaenidae]]
|3
|
|
|3
|-
|rowspan="3"|[[Scorpaeniformes]]
|[[Cottidae]]
|8
|
|2
|6
|-
|[[Stickleback]]s
|2
|2
|
|
|-
|[[Scorpaenidae]]<br/>(subfamily [[Tetraroginae]])
|1
|
|1
|
|-
|[[Trachiniformes]]
|[[Torrentfish|Cheimarrichthyidae]]
|1
|
|
|1
|-
|rowspan="12"|[[Perciformes]]
|[[Lutjanidae]]
|2
|
|2
|
|-
|[[Centropomus|Centropomidae]]
|9
|
|2
|7
|-
|[[Mojarra]]s
|7
|
|
|7
|-
|[[Haemulidae]]
|1
|
|
|1
|-
|[[Flagtail]]s
|10
|
|5
|5
|-
|[[Lateolabrax|Lateolabracidae]]
|1
|
|1
|
|-
|[[Latidae]]
|1
|
|1
|
|-
|[[Temperate perch]]s
|1
|
|1
|
|-
|[[Percidae]]
|1
|1
|
|
|-
|[[Congoli|Pseudaphritidae]]
|1
|
|1
|
|-
|[[Terapontidae]]
|1
|
|1
|
|-
|[[Archerfish]]
|3
|
|
|3
|-
|Total||||||444||147||73||224
|}