Editing Five Tiger Generals (section)

==Three Kingdoms==

=== ''Romance of the Three Kingdoms'' ===
As a romanticized novel based on the history of the [[Three Kingdoms]] period, the historical novel ''[[Romance of the Three Kingdoms]]'' refers to [[Guan Yu]], [[Zhang Fei]], [[Huang Zhong]], [[Ma Chao]] and [[Zhao Yun]] as the "Five Tiger Generals" of [[Shu Han]], one of the Three Kingdoms, led by warlord [[Liu Bei]]. In the literature, Liu Bei initially appointed Guan Yu as General Who Destroys Rebels and Lord of Hanshou, Zhang Fei as General Who Subdues Rebels and Lord of Xin, Huang Zhong as General Who Conquers the West, Ma Chao as General Who Pacifies the West, and Zhao Yun General Who Guards the West,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.threekingdoms.com/065.htm|title=Romance of Three Kingdoms - Luo Guanzhong - Chapter 65|website=www.threekingdoms.com|access-date=2019-11-18}}</ref> and promoted them to "Five Tiger Generals" later.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.threekingdoms.com/073.htm|title=Romance of Three Kingdoms - Luo Guanzhong - Chapter 73|website=www.threekingdoms.com|access-date=2019-11-18}}</ref>

==== Guan Yu ====
Guan Yu is one of Liu Bei's strongest generals in the novel. Together with Zhang Fei, he started following Liu Bei's leadership at a very early stage of Liu Bei's career, at which time the [[Han dynasty]] was experiencing the large-scale [[Yellow Turban Rebellion]]. He joined a militia that was led by Liu Bei, funded by local business groups in [[Zhuo Commandery|Zhuo County]]. He impressed Liu Bei at their first meet-up due to his physical strength and outgoing personality, and quickly formed a brotherly relationship with Liu Bei and Zhang Fei.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.threekingdoms.com/001.htm|title=Romance of Three Kingdoms - Luo Guanzhong - Chapter 1|website=www.threekingdoms.com|access-date=2019-11-18}}</ref> He rose from fighting Yellow Turbans, commanded Liu Bei's navy, conquered [[Changsha]], governed [[Jingzhou (ancient China)|Jing Province]], expanded Shu Han's territory to [[Cao Wei]]-controlled [[Fancheng District|Fancheng]]. Throughout his career, Guan Yu participated numerous battles against Cao Wei led by [[Cao Cao]] and [[Eastern Wu]] led by [[Sun Quan]], and played a critical role in establishment of Shu Han. Due to the might of his arm and his chivalry, Guan Yu is [[Apotheosis|divinized]] after his death, representing bravery, power, loyalty, righteousness, as well as brotherhood.

==== Zhang Fei ====
Zhang Fei is one of Liu Bei's strongest generals in the novel. Together with Guan Yu, he started following Liu Bei's leadership at a very early stage of Liu Bei's career, at which time Empire Han was experiencing the Yellow Turban Rebellion. He joined a militia that was led by Liu Bei, funded by local business groups in Zhuo County. He impressed Liu Bei at their first meet-up due to his physical strength and outgoing personality, and quickly formed a brotherly relationship with Liu Bei and Guan Yu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.threekingdoms.com/001.htm|title=Romance of Three Kingdoms - Luo Guanzhong - Chapter 1|website=www.threekingdoms.com|access-date=2019-11-18}}</ref> He rose from fighting rebels in Yellow Turban Rebellion, conquered Ba Commandery, captured multiple cities cross in the area around present-day [[Sichuan]] and [[Chongqing]], built a solid foundation for Liu Bei's establishment of Shu Han.

==== Huang Zhong ====
Prior to joining Liu Bei's force, Huang Zhong served under [[Han Xuan]] in the novel as an Associate General in Changsha. When Liu Bei delegated Guan Yu to conquer Changsha, Han Xuan somehow suspected that Huang Zhong was persuaded by Guan Yu to be a traitor despite Huang Zhong's fighting on the battlefield against Guan Yu, and arrested him for execution. Huang Zhong's fellow military comrades organized a revolution to save his life, killed Han Xuan, and surrendered to Guan Yu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.threekingdoms.com/053.htm|title=Romance of Three Kingdoms - Luo Guanzhong - Chapter 53|website=www.threekingdoms.com|access-date=2019-11-18}}</ref> After joining Shu Han, Huang Zhong defeated [[Xiahou Yuan]] of Cao Wei in the Battle of [[Mount Dingjun]], and thus secured Shu Han's northern border.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.threekingdoms.com/070.htm|title=Romance of Three Kingdoms - Luo Guanzhong - Chapter 70|website=www.threekingdoms.com|access-date=2019-11-18}}</ref> 

==== Ma Chao ====
Ma Chao rose to fame when he led his father [[Ma Teng]]'s army to fight [[Qiang (historical people)|barbarians]] in [[Liang Province]]. He was nicknamed "Ma Chao the Splendid" for his magnificent armor and grand skill as a warrior. In the novel, shortly after his family was murdered by Cao Cao, Ma Chao and his cousin [[Ma Dai]] joined [[Zhang Lu (Han dynasty)|Zhang Lu]]'s force to revenge Cao Cao, and then joined Liu Bei's force following Zhang Lu's surrender to Cao Cao.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.threekingdoms.com/065.htm|title=Romance of Three Kingdoms - Luo Guanzhong - Chapter 65|website=www.threekingdoms.com|access-date=2019-11-21}}</ref> As Ma Chao had established an extraordinary military achievements when he fought Qiang barbarians since his early years, he continued to be Liu Bei's mightiest general that protected Shu Han's northwestern border from Qiang barbarians.

==== Zhao Yun ====
Zhao Yun, also known as Zhao Zilong, fought together with Liu Bei as an ally during Liu Bei's early career, leaving a very close relationship with each other in the novel. Finally when Zhao Yun and Liu Bei met in [[Ye (Hebei)|Ye]], Zhao Yun decided that he would follow Liu Bei's leadership for the rest of his life. During his career with Liu Bei's force, Zhao Yun protected Liu Bei's family, and saved Shu Han's crown prince [[Liu Shan]] from numerous battles. Zhao Yun's most legendary battle was to save Liu Shan, who was an infant at the time, from Cao Cao's encirclement. During the [[Battle of Changban]], isolated by Cao Cao's army,  Zhao Yun held Liu Shan in his armor, slew more than 70 enemy warriors alone, and escaped the scene without disturbing the infant's sleep.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://threekingdoms.com/041.htm|title=Romance of Three Kingdoms - Luo Guanzhong - Chapter 41|website=threekingdoms.com|access-date=2019-11-19}}</ref> In Shu Han, Zhao Yun led Liu Bei's royal guards, ensured the safety of the royal family, and kept the capital city in peace.

=== Historicity ===
Historically, Liu Bei never assigned any title similar to the "Five Tiger Generals", but instead did appoint them to titles of the same military ranking: Guan Yu as General of Front, Zhang Fei as General of Right, Huang Zhong as General of Rear, Ma Chao as General of Left, and Zhao Yun as General of Center. In the official historical text ''[[Records of the Three Kingdoms]]'', the historian [[Chen Shou]] grouped them into one volume due to their similar military titles. 

==== "Five Tiger Generals" grouping as validation of historical accomplishments ====
Some historians that study the history of the Three Kingdoms periods argue that while Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, Huang Zhong, Ma Chao and Zhao Yun were appointed to the similar military rankings and were listed in the same volume in the historical texts, their military achievements are significantly differed, and people referring those five generals as "Five Tiger Generals" presume that they share the same accomplishments. Kaiyu Luo of [[Sichuan University]] argues that while Guan Yu had led armies of over 200,000 soldiers to expand Shu Han's territory, Zhao Yun had never stepped out of Shu Han's capital city in his military career:<ref>{{Cite journal|last=罗|first=开玉|date=2019-11-17|title=蜀汉职官制度研究|url=http://218.65.149.23:8083/ShowDetail.aspx?d=1016&id=QK200400884908&m=|journal=Sichuan Cultural Relics|volume=5|pages=14}}</ref> it does not make sense to presume Guan Yu and Zhao Yun had the same level of achievements or to group them together under one "Five Tiger Generals" ranking.

Researchers who support this grouping pointed out that Zhao Yun's core responsibility was to ensure the safety of Shu Han's central government, and historically this role could only be assigned to the most reliable commander. It is important to raise the awareness that protecting the kingdom is the same important as expanding territory, and it is reasonable for Chen Shou to list Zhao Yun in the same volume of Guan Yu, and for people to refer both Zhao Yun and Guan Yu as members of "Five Tiger Generals".<ref>{{Cite journal|last=颜|first=勇|date=2019-11-17|title=主客矛盾与蜀汉政权的失败|url=http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GZWS199302002.htm|journal=贵州文史丛刊|volume=2|pages=44}}</ref>