Editing Flame robin (section)

==Taxonomy==
The flame robin was first [[Species description|described]] by the French [[natural history|naturalist]]s [[Jean René Constant Quoy]] and [[Joseph Paul Gaimard]] in 1830 as ''Muscicapa chrysoptera''.<ref>Quoy, Jean René Constant; Gaimard, Joseph Paul in Dumont-d'Urville, J. (1830). ''Voyage de découvertes de l'Astrolabe exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les anneés 1826–1827–1828–1829, sous le commandement de M.J. Dumont-d'Urville''. Zoologie. Paris: J. Tastu Vol. '''1'''</ref> The [[specific name (zoology)|specific epithet]] ''chrysoptera'' is derived from the [[Ancient Greek]] words {{Transliteration|grc|chrysos}} 'golden', and {{Transliteration|grc|pteron}} 'feather'.<ref name=Liddell1980>{{cite book | author = Liddell, Henry George | author-link = Henry Liddell | author2 = Scott, Robert | author2-link = Robert Scott (philologist) | year = 1980 | title = [[A Greek–English Lexicon]] | publisher = [[Oxford University Press]] | location = Oxford, United Kingdom | isbn = 0-19-910207-4 | pages = [https://archive.org/details/lexicon00lidd/page/615 615, 791] | edition = Abridged }}</ref>

[[John Gould]] placed the flame robin in its current genus as ''Petroica phoenicea'' in his 1837 description, and it was this latter binomial name that has been used since that time. Given this, Quoy and Gaimard's name was declared a ''[[nomen oblitum]]''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Species ''Petroica (Littlera) phoenicea'' Gould, 1837|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/online-resources/fauna/afd/taxa/234a4598-0331-4881-aaa9-9f635d1890d9|access-date=26 August 2010|author=((Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts))|date=October 9, 2008|publisher=Australian Government|work=Australian Biological Resources Study: Australian Faunal Directory|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012084338/http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/online-resources/fauna/afd/taxa/234a4598-0331-4881-aaa9-9f635d1890d9|archive-date=12 October 2012}}</ref> The generic name is derived from the Ancient Greek words {{Lang|grc|petros}}, 'rock', and {{Lang|grc|oikos}}, 'home', from the birds' habit of sitting on rocks.<ref>Boles, p. 66.</ref> The [[specific name (zoology)|specific epithet]] is also derived from Ancient Greek, from the adjective {{Transliteration|grc|phoinikeos}} 'crimson, dark red'.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling|title=Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird-names|last=Jobling|first=James A.|year=2010|access-date = 2020-04-23}}</ref> It is one of five red- or pink-breasted species [[common name|colloquially]] known as "red robins", as distinct from the "yellow robins" of the genus ''[[Eopsaltria]]''. Although named after the [[European robin]], the flame robin is not closely related to either it or the [[American robin]].<ref name="Boles, p. xv"/> The Australian robins were placed in the [[Old World flycatcher]] family [[Muscicapidae]],<ref name="Boles, p. xv">Boles, p. xv.</ref> and the whistler family [[Pachycephalidae]],<ref name=Boles35>Boles, p. 35.</ref> before being [[Biological classification|classified]] in their own family [[Petroicidae]].<ref name=Boles35/><ref>Gill, F. and D. Donsker, eds. (2020). IOC World Bird List (v 10.1). Doi 10.14344/IOC.ML.10.1.  http://www.worldbirdnames.org/</ref> [[Charles Sibley|Sibley]] and [[Jon Edward Ahlquist|Ahlquist]]'s [[DNA-DNA hybridisation]] studies placed the robins in a [[Corvida]] [[parvorder]] comprising many tropical and Australian passerines, including [[Pardalotidae|pardalotes]], [[Maluridae|fairy-wrens]] and [[Meliphagidae|honeyeaters]], as well as crows.<ref name="SibAhl">{{cite book|author1=Sibley, Charles G. |author2=Ahlquist, Jon E. |title=Phylogeny and Classification of Birds: A Study in Molecular Evolution |publisher=Yale University Press|location=New Haven, Connecticut|year=1990|pages=603, 610–27|isbn=0-300-04085-7}}</ref> However, subsequent [[molecular phylogenetics|molecular]] research (and current consensus) places the robins as a very early offshoot of the [[Passerida]], or "advanced" songbirds, within the [[songbird]] lineage.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Barker, F. Keith |author2=Cibois, Alice |author3=Schikler, Peter A. |author4=Feinstein, Julie |author5=Cracraft, Joel |year=2004 |title=Phylogeny and diversification of the largest avian radiation. |journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences]] |volume=101 |issue=30 |pages=11040–45 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0401892101 |url=http://www.pnas.org/cgi/reprint/0401892101v1.pdf |access-date=14 August 2008 |pmid=15263073 |pmc=503738 |bibcode=2004PNAS..10111040B |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080309053127/http://www.pnas.org/cgi/reprint/0401892101v1.pdf |archive-date=2008-03-09 |url-status=live |doi-access=free }}</ref>

No [[subspecies]] are recognised,<ref name=Higgins666>Higgins ''et al.'', p. 666.</ref> and the degree of geographic variation is unclear. Adult male birds which breed on the mainland have been reported as having lighter upperparts and underparts than their Tasmanian relatives, and females are said to be browner, but these differences may also result from worn plumage. Furthermore, migration across the [[Bass Strait]] by some birds obfuscates the issue. Mainland and Tasmanian birds are the same size.<ref name=Higgins681>Higgins ''et al.'', p. 681.</ref> Ornithologists [[Richard Schodde]] and Ian Mason argued that the poor quality of museum collections and partially migratory habits meant that discrete subspecies could not be distinguished on the basis of the observed variation within the species.<ref name=schodde99>{{cite book|author1=Schodde, Richard |author-link=Richard Schodde |author2=Mason, Ian J.|year=1999|title=The Directory of Australian Birds: Passerines. A taxonomic and zoogeographic atlas of the biodiversity of birds of Australia and its territories|pages=273–75|publisher=CSIRO Publishing|location=Melbourne|isbn=0-643-06456-7}}</ref>

Flame-breasted robin was the [[common name]] formerly used for the species, and it was gradually abbreviated to flame robin.<ref name=Boles88>Boles, p. 68.</ref> Other names recorded include bank robin, redhead, and (inaccurately) robin redbreast.<ref name=Higgins666/> Flame robin is the preferred vernacular name of the [[International Ornithological Congress]].<ref>Frank Gill and Minturn Wright, ''Birds of the World: Recommended English Names'', Princeton University Press, 2006.</ref>