Editing Flaming chalice (section)

==Origins==
The symbol had its origins in a [[logo]] designed by [[Austria]]n [[refugee]] [[Hans Deutsch]] for the Unitarian Service Committee (USC) (now the [[Unitarian Universalist Service Committee]]) during [[World War II]]. According to USC director Charles Joy, Deutsch took his inspiration from the chalices of oil burned on ancient [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] and [[Religion in ancient Rome|Roman]] altars.  It became an underground symbol in occupied Europe during [[World War II]] for those assisting Unitarians, Jews, and other people to escape [[Nazi]] persecution.<ref>[http://www.uua.org/beliefs/chalice/flaming-chalice "The Flaming Chalice"], by Susan J. Ritchie, Pamphlets, Unitarian Universalist Association (2007).</ref>

<blockquote>Living in Paris during the 1930s Deutsch drew critical cartoons of Adolf Hitler. When the Nazis invaded Paris in 1940, he abandoned all he had and fled to the South of France, then to Spain, and finally, with an altered passport, into Portugal.  There, he met the Reverend Charles Joy, executive director of the Unitarian Service Committee (USC). The Service Committee was new, founded in Boston to assist Eastern Europeans, among them Unitarians as well as Jews, who needed to escape Nazi persecution. From his Lisbon headquarters, Joy oversaw a secret network of couriers and agents.<ref>[http://www.uua.org/aboutuu/chalice.html The History of the Flaming Chalice], About Unitarian Universalism, Unitarian Universalist Association (2007).</ref></blockquote>

After 1941, the flaming [[chalice]] symbol spread throughout Unitarianism in America and the rest of the world. This spread continued after Unitarians in North America merged with [[Universalism|Universalists]] to form the Unitarian Universalist Association. The symbol gradually became more than a printed logo. By the 1960s, people like Fred Weideman of Dearborn, Michigan, were making flaming chalice jewelry. Some congregations began displaying the symbol in their worship spaces. At some point, three-dimensional chalices were made to be lit during worship services, but the origin(s) of this usage remains obscure.