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==History== ===Early 20th century=== In 1901 German immigrant to the U.S. Gustave Whitehead purportedly flew a powered aircraft, which was described as able to propel itself along roads to the site of the flying experiment.<ref>Freeman, David. [https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/gustave-whitehead-first-flight-wright-brothers_n_3316475 "Gustave Whitehead's First Flight Beat Wright Brothers' By Years, Aviation Expert Contends"]. ''Huffington Post''. 22 May 2013. ''"[Whitehead] purportedly took aloft a flying car of his own design"''.</ref>{{Failed verification|date=August 2024}}<ref>Bongartz, Roy. "Was Whitehead First?" ''Popular Mechanics''. December 1981. Pp.68-76. "Beech described the plane as self-powered on the ground, like an automobile".</ref>{{Better source needed|PopMechanics isn't a recognised source on aviation history, and all this story does is report what the previous unreliable sources - rejected by aviation historians - have to say.|date=August 2024}}<ref>Glass, Andrew. ''Flying Cars: The True Story'', Clarion, 2015. {{ISBN|978-0618984824}}. Chapter 2. ''"Despite controversy, the chronicle of Gustave Whitehead's flying automobile..."''</ref>{{Unreliable source?|reason=See talk page:Glass's book is self-described 'Juvenile Nonfiction', and I can find no evidence that Glass has any credentials as any sort of aviation historian|date=August 2024}} Consensus among historians is that Whitehead's no. 21 did not achieve sustained self-powered flight.<ref name="SciAm2014">{{cite news |last1=Schlenoff |first1=Daniel C. |title=Scientific American Debunks Claim Gustave Whitehead Was 'First in Flight' |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/scientific-american-debunks-claim-gustave-whitehead-was-first-in-flight/ |access-date=6 November 2022 |work=Scientific American |date=8 July 2014 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="FlyingMagBurns2017">{{cite news |last1=Burns |first1=Ashley |title=Connecticut Towns Honor Gustave Whitehead, Reigniting 'First in Flight' Debate |url=https://www.flyingmag.com/connecticut-towns-honor-gustave-whitehead-reigniting-first-in-flight-battle/ |access-date=6 November 2022 |work=Flying Magazine |date=15 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="Crouch2016JAH">{{cite journal |last1=Crouch |first1=Tom |title=The Flight Claims of Gustave Whitehead |journal=Journal of Aeronautical History |date=2016 |url=https://www.aerosociety.com/media/4951/the-flight-claims-of-gustave-whitehead.pdf |access-date=6 November 2022}}</ref> Aircraft designer [[Glenn Curtiss]] built his [[Curtiss Autoplane|Autoplane]] in 1917. It had a pusher propeller for flight, with removable flight surfaces including a triplane wing, canard foreplane and twin tails. It was able to hop, but not fly.<ref name="Time-never-come">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/12/weekinreview/12vinciguerra.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |title=Flying Cars: An Idea Whose Time Has Never Come |author=Thomas Vinciguerra |author-link=Thomas Vinciguerra |date=11 April 2009}}</ref> In 1935, Constantinos Vlachos built a prototype of a 'tri-phibian' vehicle with a circular wing, but it caught fire after the engine exploded while he was demonstrating it in [[Washington, D.C.]] Vlachos was badly injured and spent several months in hospital.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=News Cameras Film Thrilling Rescue|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_eyYDAAAAMBAJ |quote=constantinos vlachos popular science.|page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_eyYDAAAAMBAJ/page/n38 29]|magazine=[[Popular Science]]|date=January 1936}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Hard-Luck Vlachos|url=http://blog.hemmings.com/index.php/2008/05/18/sia-flashback-a-day-with-the-scrapper-and-hard-luck-vlachos/|page=44|journal=Special-Interest Autos|date=July 1974|access-date=11 July 2021|archive-date=25 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150125024943/http://blog.hemmings.com/index.php/2008/05/18/sia-flashback-a-day-with-the-scrapper-and-hard-luck-vlachos/|url-status=usurped}}</ref> The machine is most notable for a [[newsreel]] that captured the incident.<ref>{{YouTube|IuJMU2apQZo|Newsreel of flying car on fire}}</ref> The [[Autogiro Company of America AC-35]] was a prototype roadable [[autogyro]], flown on 26 March 1936 by test pilot James G. Ray. Forward thrust was initially provided by twin counter-rotating propellers for thrust, later replaced with a single propeller. On 26 October 1936, the aircraft was converted to roadable configuration.<ref>{{cite book |title=Realizing the dream of flight: biographical essays in honor of the centennial of flight, 1903β2003 |last1=Dawson |first1=Virginia |first2=Mark D. |last2=Bowles |year=2005 |publisher=National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASA History Division, Office of External Relations |asin=B002Y26TM0 |page=70}}</ref> Ray drove it to the main entrance of the [[Commerce Building, Washington, D.C.]], where it was accepted by John H. Geisse, chief of the Aeronautics Branch. Although it had been successfully tested, it did not enter production. The first fixed wing roadable aircraft to fly was built by [[Waldo Waterman]]. Waterman had been associated with [[Glenn Curtiss]] when pioneering [[amphibious aircraft]] at North Island on [[San Diego Bay]] in the 1910s. On 21 February 1937, Waterman's [[Waterman Arrowbile|Arrowbile]] first took to the air.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-the-first-flying-car/147575449/ "Drives Machine Through Trafic (sic)and Then Flies It"], ''Chicago Daily Tribune'', February 22, 1937, p. 6</ref> <ref>{{cite journal|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=WScDAAAAMBAJ&q=%22Plane%20Sheds%20Wing%20To%20Run%20On%20Ground&pg=PA52 |title=Plane Sheds Wing To Run On Ground|journal=Popular Science|date=May 1937}}</ref> The Arrowbile was a development of Waterman's tailless aircraft, the [[Waterman Whatsit|Whatsit]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=wygDAAAAMBAJ&dq=Popular+Science+1931+plane&pg=PA39 "Tailless Flivver Plane Has Pusher Propeller"] ''Popular Science'', May 1934, rare photos in article</ref> It had a wingspan of {{convert|38|ft|m}} and a length of {{convert|20|ft|6|in|m}}. On the ground and in the air it was powered by a [[Studebaker]] engine. It could fly at {{convert|112|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} and drive at {{convert|56|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}. In 1942, the British army built the [[Hafner Rotabuggy]], an experimental roadable autogyro that was developed with the intention of air-dropping off-road vehicles. In developed form the Rotabuggy achieved a flight speed of {{convert|70|mph|km/h|0|abbr=on}}. However, the introduction of [[Military glider|gliders]] that could carry vehicles (such as the [[Waco CG-4|Waco Hadrian]] and [[Airspeed Horsa]]) led to the project's cancellation.<ref>{{cite book |title=Jeeps 1941β45 |first=Steven J. |last=Zaloga |pages=37β38 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I_fFkOS4b_4C&q=Rotabuggy+&pg=PA38 |publisher=Osprey Publishing |year=2005 |isbn=1-84176-888-X }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ===Late 20th century=== Although several designs (such as the ConVairCar) have flown, none have enjoyed commercial success, and those that have flown are not widely known by the general public. The most successful example, in that several were made and one is still flying, is the 1949 [[Taylor Aerocar]]. In 1946, the Fulton FA-2 [[Fulton Airphibian|Airphibian]] was an American-made flying car designed by [[Robert Edison Fulton Jr.]], it was an aluminum-bodied car, built with independent suspension, aircraft-sized wheels, and a six-cylinder 165 hp engine. The fabric wings were easily attached to the fuselage, converting the car into a plane. Four prototypes were built. [[Charles Lindbergh]] flew it in 1950 and, although it was not a commercial success (financial costs of [[airworthiness]] certification forced him to relinquish control of the company, which never developed it further), it is now in the [[Smithsonian]]. [[File:Aerocar at EAA.jpg|thumb|1949 [[Aerocar]] with wings folded, at the [[EAA AirVenture Museum]]]] The [[Aerocar]], designed and built by [[Molt Taylor]], made a successful flight in December 1949, and in following years versions underwent a series of road and flying tests. [[Chuck Berry]] featured the concept in his 1956 song "[[You Can't Catch Me]]", and in December 1956 the [[Civil Aviation Authority]] approved the design for mass production, but despite wide publicity and an improved version produced in 1989, Taylor did not succeed in getting the flying car into production. In total, six Aerocars were built. It is considered to be one of the first practical flying cars.<ref name="Glass2015">{{cite book|author=Andrew Glass|title=Flying Cars: The True Story|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dFBVCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA84|date= 2015|publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt|isbn=978-0-547-53423-7|pages=84β}}</ref> One notable design was Henry Smolinski's [[AVE Mizar|Mizar]], made by mating the rear end of a [[Cessna Skymaster]] with a [[Ford Pinto]], but it disintegrated during test flights killing Smolinski and the pilot. Project Prodigal<ref>{{cite web | url=https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C491225 | title=Catalogue description Project PRODIGAL: Army vehicle with limited airborne capability }}</ref> was a British Army concept in the late 1950s early 1960s for a "Jumping Jeep" to overcome obstacles on the battlefield<ref>https://www.baesystems.com/en-uk/feature/1960s-lsquothunderbirdsrsquo-projects-brought-to-life {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.army-technology.com/features/featureforgotten-designs-bae-jumping-jeep/?cf-view | title=Forgotten designs: BAE's extraordinary Jumping Jeep | date=17 June 2013 }}</ref> with entrants were [[British Aircraft Corporation|BAC]]<ref>Project Cancelled: Disaster of Britain's Abandoned Aircraft Projects Hardcover β 1 Sept. 1986 by Derek Wood {{ISBN|0710604416}}</ref> [[Boulton Paul Aircraft|Boulton Paul]], [[Bristol Siddeley]], [[Folland Aircraft|Folland]], [[Handley Page]]<ref>Handley Page Aircraft since 1907 (Putnam Aeronautical Books) Hardcover β 1 Jan. 1987 by C.H. (Revised By Derek N James) Barnes (Author) {{ASIN|B007Q1Y6HY}}, pp. 579β582</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://collections.rafmuseum.org.uk/collection/object/object-117539/ |title=Handley Page HP120 Flying Car |website=collections.rafmuseum.org.uk |access-date=2024-04-11}}</ref> [[Saunders Roe]],<ref>From Sea to Air Hardcover β 1989 by A.E. Tagg {{ISBN|0950973939}}</ref> [[Short Brothers]]<ref>The Pye Book of Science β Maurice Rickards 1963</ref> [[Vickers-Armstrongs]] and [[Westland Helicopters|Westland]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://russellphillips.uk/project-prodigal-flying-cars/ | title=The British Army's Flying Cars | date=17 March 2020 }}</ref> Moller began developing VTOL craft in the late 1960s, but no Moller vehicle has ever achieved free flight out of ground effect. The [[Moller Skycar M400]]<ref>{{cite web|author=Category: Uncategorised |url=http://www.moller.com |title=Moller International Home |website=Moller.com |date=26 September 2012 |access-date=24 January 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/2002/2002%20-%203737.html?search=Flying%20car |title=''Flight'' 2002 |website=Flightglobal.com |access-date=19 October 2018}}</ref> was a project for a personal [[VTOL]] (vertical take-off and landing) aircraft which is powered by four pairs of in-tandem [[Wankel rotary engine]]s. The proposed Autovolantor model had an all-electric version powered by [[Altairnano]] batteries.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blog.autoforsale.co.in/2014/07/rinspeed-squba-first-underwater-flying.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718165427/http://blog.autoforsale.co.in/2014/07/rinspeed-squba-first-underwater-flying.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 July 2014 |title=Rinspeed Squba, The First Underwater Flying Car |website=autoforsale.co.in |access-date=13 August 2014 }}</ref> The company has been dormant since 2015. In the mid-1980s, former [[Boeing]] engineer Fred Barker founded Flight Innovations Inc. and began the development of the Sky Commuter, a small duct fans-based VTOL aircraft. It was a compact, {{convert|14|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} two-passenger and was made primarily of composite materials.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-9302266.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150323093810/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-9302266.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 March 2015|title=Vest-pocket VTOL. (vertical take-off-and-landing aircraft, Sky Commuter) (column)|publisher=Mechanical Engineering-CIME|date=1 December 1990|access-date=1 October 2014}}</ref> In 2008, the remaining prototype was sold for Β£86k on [[eBay]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://boingboing.net/2008/01/12/sky-commuter-vehicle.html|title=Sky Commuter vehicle prototype for sale|website=Urbanaero.com |date=12 January 2012|access-date=1 October 2014}}</ref> ===21st century=== [[File:Parajet Skycar at NEC Birmingham.jpg|right|thumb|[[Parajet Skycar]] prototype seen at the Sport and Leisure Aviation Show (SPLASH), Birmingham, UK, November 2008]] [[File:Terrafugia_--_2012_NYIAS_cropped.jpg|thumb|Prototype [[Terrafugia Transition]] at the [[New York International Auto Show|N.Y. Int'l Auto Show]] in April 2012]] [[File:SuperSkyCycle.jpg|thumb|[[The Butterfly Super Sky Cycle|Super Sky Cycle]]]] [[File:Maverick Flying Car.jpg|thumb|[[I-TEC Maverick|Maverick Flying Dune Buggy]]]] [[File:PD-1 Roadable Glastar.jpg|thumb|[[Plane Driven PD-1 Roadable Glastar]]]] In 2009 the U.S., the [[DARPA|Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency]] (DARPA) initiated the $65 million [[Transformer (flying car)|Transformer]] program to develop a four-person roadable aircraft by 2015.<ref>Warwick, Graham. [http://www.aviationweek.com/Blogs.aspx?plckBlogId=Blog%3aa68cb417-3364-4fbf-a9dd-4feda680ec9c&plckPostId=Blog%3aa68cb417-3364-4fbf-a9dd-4feda680ec9cPost%3accef0189-116b-4626-a4a8-d26cbd2f7fa8 Leading Edge blog: DARPA's Transformer β a Humvee That Flies] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023115418/http://www.aviationweek.com/Blogs.aspx?plckBlogId=Blog:a68cb417-3364-4fbf-a9dd-4feda680ec9c |date=23 October 2013 }}, AW&ST On Technology, ''[[Aviation Week]]'' online website, 16 April 2010. Retrieved 10 May 2013.</ref> The vehicle was to have had VTOL capability and a {{convert|280|mi|km|adj=mid}} range. [[AAI Corporation]] and [[Lockheed Martin]] were awarded contracts.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Warwick|first=Graham|title=Is Darpa's Fly-Drive Transformer on the Right Road?|url=http://www.aviationweek.com/Blogs.aspx?plckBlogId=blog:27ec4a53-dcc8-42d0-bd3a-01329aef79a7&plckPostId=Blog:27ec4a53-dcc8-42d0-bd3a-01329aef79a7Post:37ed3841-153e-4d86-950c-3b027e3d2ea2|magazine=Aviation Week|access-date=3 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130910192542/http://www.aviationweek.com/Blogs.aspx?plckBlogId=Blog:27ec4a53-dcc8-42d0-bd3a-01329aef79a7|archive-date=10 September 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> The program was cancelled in 2013. The [[Parajet Skycar]] utilises a [[paramotor]] for propulsion and a [[parafoil]] for lift. The main body consists of a modified dune buggy. It has a top speed of {{convert|80|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on}} and a maximum range of {{convert|180|mi|km}} in flight. On the ground it has a top speed of {{convert|112|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on}} and a maximum range of {{convert|249|mi|km}}. Parajet flew and drove its prototype from [[London]] to [[Timbuktu]] in January 2009. The [[I-TEC Maverick|Maverick Flying Dune Buggy]] was designed by the [[Indigenous People's Technology and Education Center]] of Florida as an off-road vehicle that could unfurl an advanced parachute and then travel by air over impassable terrain when roadways were no longer usable. The {{convert|1100|lb|kg|adj=mid}} 'Maverick' vehicle is powered by a {{convert|128|hp|abbr=on}} engine that can also drive a five-bladed pusher [[Propeller (aircraft)|propeller]]. It was initially conceived in order to help [[Christian ministry|minister]] to remote [[Amazon Rainforest|Amazon rainforest]] communities, but will also be marketed for visual [[pipeline transport|pipeline inspection]] and other similar activities in desolate areas or difficult terrain.<ref>Logan Ward, [http://www.popularmechanics.com/automotive/new_cars/4332920.html 10 Most Brilliant Innovators of 2009: I-TEC's Flying Dune Buggy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100212152710/http://www.popularmechanics.com/automotive/new_cars/4332920.html |date=12 February 2010 }}, ''Popular Mechanics'', November 2009. Retrieved 25 October 2009.</ref> The [[Plane Driven PD-1 Roadable Glastar]] is a modification to the Glastar Sportsman GS-2 to make a practical roadable aircraft. The approach is novel in that it uses a mostly stock aircraft with a modified landing gear "pod" that carries the engine for road propulsion. The wings fold along the side, and the main landing gear and engine pod slide aft in driving configuration to compensate for the rearward center of gravity with the wings folded, and provide additional stability for road travel.<ref>{{cite journal|journal=Sport Aviation|title=The PD-1 Roadable Glastar|author=Budd Davisson|date=October 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Company Moves On Transformative Roadable Glasair|date=20 October 2010|url=http://www.avweb.com/avwebflash/news/plane_driven_roadable_aircraft_pdx_203489-1.html|access-date=22 October 2010|archive-date=11 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611231238/http://www.avweb.com/avwebflash/news/plane_driven_roadable_aircraft_pdx_203489-1.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[Butterfly Super Sky Cycle|Super Sky Cycle]] was an American [[Homebuilt aircraft|homebuilt]] roadable [[gyroplane]] designed and manufactured by [[The Butterfly Aircraft LLC]].<ref name=sscGiz>Blain, Loz. [http://www.gizmag.com/go/7135/ "The flying motorcycle β road-registered and available now"] ''GizMag'', 17 April 2007. Retrieved 4 April 2012.</ref> It is a registered [[motorcycle]].<ref name=sscTel>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/picturegalleries/picturesoftheday/8878687/Pictures-of-the-day-9-November-2011.html?image=5 "Pictures of the day"] ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'', 9 November 2011. Retrieved 4 April 2012.</ref> At the 2014 Pioneers Festival at Wien (Austria) [[AeroMobil]] presented their version 3.0 of their flying car. The prototype was conceived as a vehicle that can be converted from an automobile to an aircraft. The version 2.5 proof-of-concept took 20 years to develop and first flew in 2013. CEO Juraj Vaculik said that the company planned to move flying cars to market: "the plan is that in 2017 we'll be able to announce ... the first flying roadster."<ref>{{cite web|last1=Mack|first1=Eric|title=Finally! A Flying Car Could Go On Sale By 2017|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/ericmack/2015/03/16/finally-a-flying-car-could-go-on-sale-as-soon-as-2017/|website=Forbes|access-date=17 March 2015}}</ref> In 2016, AeroMobil was test-flying a prototype that obtained Slovak [[Ultralight aviation|ultralight]] certification. When the final product will be available or how much it will cost is not yet specified.<ref name="aeromobil">{{cite web|url=http://aeromobil.com/ |title=AeroMobil: Flying car |website=aeromobil.com |access-date=9 August 2016}}</ref> In 2018, it unveiled a concept that resembled a flying sportscar with VTOL capability.<ref> {{Cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/mach/science/will-futuristic-flying-car-ever-get-ground-ncna859171|title=Will this futuristic flying car ever get off the ground?|website=NBC News|date=22 March 2018 }}</ref> The [[Aeromobil]] <!--not [[AeroMobile]]-->2.5 has folding wings and a Rotax 912 engine. It can travel at {{convert|124|mph|order=flip}} with a range of {{convert|430|mi|order=flip}}, and flew for the first time in 2013.<ref>Alyssa Danigelis. "[http://news.discovery.com/autos/future-of-transportation/slovakian-flying-car-prototype-takes-off-131021.htm Slovakian Flying Car Prototype Takes Off] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141119073940/http://news.discovery.com/autos/future-of-transportation/slovakian-flying-car-prototype-takes-off-131021.htm |date=19 November 2014 }}" ''[[Discovery News]]'', 21 October 2013. Accessed: 22 October 2013.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nyteknik.se/popularteknik/har-lyfter-en-ny-flygbil-6401976|title=HΓ€r lyfter en ny flygbil|first=Jan|last=Melin|website=[[Ny Teknik]]}}</ref> On 29 October 2014, Slovak startup AeroMobil s.r.o. unveiled [[AeroMobil s.r.o. AeroMobil|AeroMobil 3.0]]<ref name="aeromobil"/> at Vienna Pioneers Festival.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://venturebeat.com/2014/10/29/silicon-valley-can-keep-its-teslas-and-robotic-cars-slovakias-aeromobil-just-unveiled-a-flying-car |title=VB |website=venturebeat.com |date=29 October 2014 |access-date=30 October 2014}}</ref> Klein Vision in [[Slovakia]] have developed a prototype [[Klein Vision AirCar|AirCar]], which drives like a sports car and for flight has a pusher propeller with twin tailbooms, and foldout wings. In June 2021, the prototype carried out a 35-minute flight between airports.<ref>Zoe Kleinman; "[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-57651843 Flying car completes test flight between airports]", BBC, 30 June 2021.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.klein-vision.com/|title=Klein Vision β Flying Car}}</ref> It was [[type certificate|type certified]] as an aircraft in January 2022.<ref name="Phelps24Jan22">{{cite web|url= https://www.avweb.com/aviation-news/aircar-notches-slovakian-airworthiness-certification/|title= AirCar Notches Slovakian Airworthiness Certification|access-date= 24 January 2022|last= Phelps|first= Mark|work= AVweb|date= 24 January 2022|archive-url= https://archive.today/20220126124301/https://www.avweb.com/aviation-news/aircar-notches-slovakian-airworthiness-certification/|archive-date= 26 January 2022|url-status= live}}</ref> The [[Terrafugia Transition]] is a roadable aircraft intended to be classed as a [[Personal Air Vehicle]]. It can fold its wings in 30 seconds and drive the front wheels, enabling it to operate both as a traditional road vehicle and as a general aviation aeroplane with a range of {{convert|500|mi|km|abbr=on}}. An operational prototype was displayed at [[EAA AirVenture Oshkosh|Oshkosh]] in 2008<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.airventure.org/news/2008/7sat2/terrafugia.html |title=Terrafugia ready for road, flight testing |website=Airventure.org |date=2 August 2008 |access-date=15 April 2010}}</ref> and its first flight took place on 2009-03-05.<ref>{{cite web|last=Haines |first=Thomas B. |url=http://www.aopa.org/aircraft/articles/2009/090319terrafugia.html |title=AOPA Online: First roadable airplane takes flight |website=Aopa.org |date=19 March 2009 |access-date=15 April 2010}}</ref> It will carry two people plus luggage and its [[Rotax 912#Specifications (Rotax 912S ULS)|Rotax 912S]] engine operates on premium unleaded gas.<ref>{{citation|publisher=The New York Times|title=For $279,000, Terrafugia Transition Puts the Wind Beneath Your Wings|date=5 April 2012|work=Wheels blog|author=Jerry Garrett|url=http://wheels.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/04/05/for-279000-terrafugia-transition-puts-the-wind-beneath-your-wings/|access-date=20 April 2013}}</ref> It was approved by the [[FAA]] in June 2010.<ref>{{cite news|last=O'Carroll|first=Eoin|title=Flying Car – just like the Jetsons – gets green light from FAA|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/Science/2010/0629/Flying-Car-just-like-the-Jetsons-gets-green-light-from-FAA-VIDEO|newspaper=The Christian Science Monitor|access-date=25 August 2013}}</ref> The production-ready single-engine, roadable [[PAL-V Liberty]] autogyro, or [[gyrocopter]], debuted at the [[Geneva Motor Show]] in March 2018, then became the first flying car in production, and was set to launch in 2020,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scmp.com/magazines/style/tech-design/article/2156412/worlds-first-flying-car-two-seater-pal-v-liberty-track|title=World's first flying car on track for 2020 launch|date=25 July 2018|website=[[South China Morning Post]]}}</ref> with full production scheduled for 2021 in [[Gujarat, India]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/auto/auto-news/flying-car-pal-v-to-be-built-in-gujarat-mou-inked-with-dutch-firm/articleshow/74558020.cms|title=Flying car PAL-V to be built in Gujarat, MoU inked with Dutch firm|work=[[The Economic Times]]}}</ref> The [[PAL-V ONE]] is a hybrid of a gyrocopter with a leaning 3-wheel motorcycle. It has two seats and a 160 kW flight certified gasoline engine. It has a top speed of {{convert|180|km/h|mi/h|0|abbr=on}} on land and in air, and [[Maximum Takeoff Weight|weighs]] {{convert|910|kg|lb|abbr=on}} max.<ref name=palvGiz>Quick, Darren. [http://www.gizmag.com/pal-v-flying-car/22032/ "PAL-V flying car makes successful first test flight"] ''GizMag'', 2 April 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2012.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pal-v.com/|title=PAL-V |publisher=PAL-V |access-date=7 October 2010}}</ref> On 15 April 2021, [[Los Altos, California]], became home to the world's first consumer flying car showroom.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.suasnews.com/2021/04/announcing-aska-the-electric-take-off-and-landing-flying-car-for-consumers/|title=Announcing ASKA The Electric Take Off And Landing Flying Car For Consumers|date=15 April 2021}}</ref> However, as yet there are no certified flying cars in production. In 2023 Doroni Aerospace earned an official [[Federal Aviation Administration|FAA]] Airworthiness Certification. It is powered by ten independent propulsion systems. They company claimed a top speed of 140 mph and a 60-mile range. It includes two electric motors with patented ducted propellers. The machine is 23 ft long and 14 ft wide.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Johnson |first=Peter |date=2023-12-01 |title=Doroni's all-electric flying car gets flight certified in the US |url=https://electrek.co/2023/12/01/doronis-all-electric-flying-car-gets-flight-certified-us/ |access-date=2023-12-05 |website=Electrek |language=en-US}}</ref>
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