Editing Forearm (section)

== Structure ==
===Bones and joints===
The bones of the forearm are the [[Radius (bone)|radius]] (located on the lateral side) and the [[ulna]] (located on the medial side)
[[File:Radius and Ulna - Forearm Bones.jpg|alt=Bones of forearm, radius on left and ulna on the right|thumb|Bones of forearm, radius on left and ulna on the right]]

==== Radius ====
Proximally, the head of the radius articulates with the [[capitulum of the humerus]] and the radial notch of the ulna at the [[elbow]]. The [[articulation (anatomy)|articulation]] between the radius and the ulna at the elbow is known as the [[Proximal radioulnar articulation|proximal radioulnar joint]].

Distally, it articulates with the ulna again at the [[Distal radioulnar articulation|distal radioulnar joint]]. It forms part of the [[wrist joint]] by articulating with the [[Scaphoid bone|scaphoid]] at its lateral aspect and with the [[Lunate bone|lunate]] at its medial aspect.

==== Ulna ====
Proximally, the [[trochlear notch]] of the ulna articulates with the [[trochlea of the humerus]] and the [[radial notch]] articulates with the head of the radius at the [[elbow]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.lecturio.com/concepts/forearm/|title=Structure of The Forearm|website=The Lecturio Medical Concept Library |access-date=2021-06-22}}</ref>

Distally it forms part of the [[Distal radioulnar articulation|distal radioulnar joint]] and also articulates with the [[wrist]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Gray's anatomy : the anatomical basis of clinical practice|author=Standring, Susan|isbn=9780702052309|edition=Forty-first|location=[Philadelphia]|oclc=920806541|year = 2016}}</ref>

=== Muscles ===
{{See also|Muscle table#Forearm}}

{| class="sortable wikitable"
 ! Compartment !! Level !! Muscle !! E/I !! Nerve
 |-
 | Anterior || superficial  || [[flexor carpi radialis]] || E || median
 |-
 | Anterior || superficial  || [[palmaris longus]] || E || median
 |-
 | Anterior || superficial  || [[flexor carpi ulnaris]] || E || ulnar
 |-
 | Anterior || superficial || [[pronator teres]] || I || median
 |-
 | Anterior || superficial (or intermediate) || [[flexor digitorum superficialis|flexor digitorum superficialis (sublimis)]] || E || median
 |-
 | Anterior || deep || [[flexor digitorum profundus]] || E || ulnar + median
 |-
 | Anterior || deep || [[flexor pollicis longus]] || E || median
 |-
 | Anterior || deep || [[pronator quadratus]] || I || median
 |-
 | Posterior || (see below) || [[brachioradialis]] || I || radial
 |-
 | Posterior || superficial || [[extensor carpi radialis longus]] || E || radial
 |-
 | Posterior || superficial || [[extensor carpi radialis brevis]] || E || radial
 |-
 | Posterior || intermediate || [[extensor digitorum|extensor digitorum (communis)]] || E || radial
 |-
 | Posterior || intermediate || [[extensor digiti minimi|extensor digiti minimi (proprius)]] || E || radial
 |-
 | Posterior || superficial || [[extensor carpi ulnaris]] || E || radial
 |-
 | Posterior || deep || [[abductor pollicis longus]] || E || radial
 |-
 | Posterior || deep || [[extensor pollicis brevis]] || E || radial
 |-
 | Posterior || deep || [[extensor pollicis longus]] || E || radial
 |-
 | Posterior || deep || [[extensor indicis|extensor indicis (proprius)]] || E || radial
 |-
 | Posterior || deep || [[supinator]] || I || radial
 |-
 | Posterior || deep || [[anconeus]] || I || radial
|}
* "E/I" refers to "extrinsic" or "intrinsic". The intrinsic muscles of the forearm act on the forearm, meaning, across the elbow joint and the [[Proximal radioulnar articulation|proximal]] and [[Distal radioulnar articulation|distal]] radioulnar joints (resulting in [[pronation]] or [[supination]]), whereas the extrinsic muscles act upon the hand and wrist. In most cases, the extrinsic anterior muscles are ''flexors'', while the extrinsic posterior muscles are ''extensors''.
* The brachioradialis, flexor of the forearm, is unusual in that it is located in the [[posterior compartment of the arm|posterior compartment]], but it is actually in the anterior portion of the forearm.
* The [[anconeus]] is considered by some as a part of the [[posterior compartment of the arm]].<ref name="titleDissector Answers&nbsp;— Axilla & Arm">{{cite web|url=http://anatomy.med.umich.edu/musculoskeletal_system/axilla_ans.html |title=Dissector Answers&nbsp;— Axilla & Arm |access-date=2008-01-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080103065905/http://anatomy.med.umich.edu/musculoskeletal_system/axilla_ans.html |archive-date=3 January 2008 |url-status=dead | publisher = The University of Michigan }}</ref>

===Nerves===
:''See separate nerve articles for details on divisions proximal to the elbow and distal to the wrist; see [[Brachial plexus]] for the origins of the median, radial and ulnar nerves.''
*[[Median nerve]]&nbsp;– interior nerve of the anterior compartment ([[pronator teres|PT]], [[Flexor carpi radialis|FCR]], [[Palmaris longus|PL]], [[Flexor digitorum superficialis|FDS]]).
**[[anterior interosseous nerve]] (supplies [[flexor pollicis longus|FPL]], lat. 1/2 of [[Flexor digitorum profundus|FDP]], [[pronator quadratus|PQ]]).
*[[Radial nerve]]&nbsp;– supplies muscles of the posterior compartment ([[Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus|ECRL]], [[Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis|ECRB]]).
**[[Superficial branch of radial nerve]]
**[[Deep branch of radial nerve]], becomes [[Posterior interosseus nerve]] and supplies muscles of the posterior compartment ([[Extensor Digitorum|ED]], [[Extensor Digiti Minimi|EDM]], [[Extensor Carpi Ulnaris|ECU]], [[Abductor Pollicis Longus|APL]], [[Extensor Pollicis Brevis|EPB]], [[Extensor Pollicis Longus|EPL]], [[Extensor Indicis|EI]]).
*[[Ulnar nerve]]&nbsp;– supplies some medial muscles ([[Flexor Carpi Ulnaris|FCU]], med. 1/2 of [[Flexor Digitorum Profundus|FDP]]).

===Vessels===
[[File:Veins of the forearm and hand.jpg|thumb|Veins of the forearm and hand]]
{{Main|Arterial tree of subclavian artery}}
*[[Brachial artery]]
**[[Radial artery]]
***[[Radial recurrent artery]]
***[[dorsal metacarpal artery]]
****[[Princeps pollicis artery]]
**[[Ulnar artery]]
***[[Anterior ulnar recurrent artery]] and [[posterior ulnar recurrent artery]]
***[[Common interosseous artery]]
****[[Posterior interosseous artery]]
****[[Anterior interosseous artery]]

===Other structures===
*[[Interosseous membrane of forearm]]
*[[Annular ligament of radius|Annular ligament]] of ulna