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Forma Urbis Romae
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==Description== It originally measured 18 m (60 ft) wide by 13 m (45 ft) high and was carved into 150 [[Proconnesian]] marble slabs mounted on an interior wall of the [[Temple of Peace, Rome|Temple of Peace]].<ref>{{cite book| title=Atlas of Ancient Rome| author=Andrea Carandini|display-authors=etal| publisher=Princeton University Press| year=2017| page=297}}</ref> Created at a scale of approximately 1 to 240 (Cadario states 1:260 to 1:270), the map was detailed enough to show the floor plans of nearly every [[Temple (Roman)|temple]], [[Roman bath|bath]], and ''[[insulae|insula]]'' in the central Roman city. The map was oriented with south at the top. On the map are names and plans of public buildings, streets, and private homes. The creators used signs and details like columns and staircases.<ref name=guide /> The Plan was gradually destroyed during the [[Middle Ages]], with the marble stones being used as building materials or for making lime. In 1562, the young antiquarian sculptor [[Giovanni Antonio Dosio]] excavated fragments of the ''Forma Urbis'' from a site near the Church of [[Santi Cosma e Damiano, Rome|SS. Cosma e Damiano]], under the direction of the humanist ''[[condottiere]]'' Torquato Conti, who had purchased excavation rights from the canons of the church. Conti made a gift of the recovered fragments to Cardinal [[Alessandro Farnese (cardinal)|Alessandro Farnese]], who entrusted them to his librarian [[Onofrio Panvinio]] and his antiquarian [[Fulvio Orsini]]. Little interest seems to have been elicited by the marble shards.<ref>Rodolfo Lanciani, ''Storia delle scavi a Roma'' (Rome) 1903, II, pp 169ff, 208ff.</ref> In all about 10% of the original surface area of the plan has since been recovered in the form of over one thousand marble fragments. Part of the excavated plan showed a portion of the [[Forum of Augustus]], interpreted as "a working drawing or as a proof of the existence of a more ancient ''Forma Urbis''."<ref name=guide/>
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