Editing Formicariidae (section)

==Systematics==
The antthrushes are similar in appearance to small [[Rallidae|rails]]. Their sexes are alike in plumage, and they walk like [[starling]]s. The ''thrush'' part of the name refers only to the similarity in size (and in ''Chamaeza'' also coloration) to true [[Thrush (bird)|thrushes]], not to an [[evolution]]ary relationship.

Molecular phylogenetic studies indicated that the Formicariidae as previously delimited were highly [[paraphyletic]], judging from comparison of several [[mtDNA|mt]] and [[nDNA]] [[DNA sequence|sequences]].<ref name=Irestedt>{{Cite journal | last1=Irestedt | first1=M. | last2=Fjeldså | first2=J. | last3=Johansson | first3=U.S. | last4=Ericson | first4=P.G.P. | date=2002 | title=Systematic relationships and biogeography of the tracheophone suboscines (Aves: Passeriformes) | journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume=23 | issue=3 | pages=499–512 | doi=10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00034-9| pmid=12099801 | bibcode=2002MolPE..23..499I }}</ref><ref name=Rice2005a>{{Cite journal | last=Rice | first=Nathan H. | date=2005 | title=Phylogenetic relationships of antpitta genera (Passeriformes: Formicariidae) | journal=The Auk | volume=122 | issue=2 | pages=673–683 | doi=10.1093/auk/122.2.673 | doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name=Rice2005b>{{Cite journal | last=Rice | first=Nathan H. | date=2005 | title=Further evidence for paraphyly of the Formicariidae (Passeriformes) | journal=The Condor | volume=107 | issue=4 | pages=910–915 | doi=10.1093/condor/107.4.910 | doi-access=free}}</ref> The aberrant bar-bellied "antpittas" of the genus ''[[Pittasoma]],'' which were formerly placed here, belong to the [[gnateater]] family (which initially was also considered part of the Formicariidae); as the gnateaters proper, they are [[sexual dichromatism|sexually dichromatic]]. In addition, the true antpittas formerly placed in this family are now found in their own family, the [[Grallariidae]]. On the other hand, at least a large proportion of the [[Rhinocryptidae]] ('''tapaculos'''), including the [[type genus]] ''[[Rhinocrypta]]'', seem to be closer to the antthrushes, but are still considered a distinct family.

The following cladogram shows the phylogeny of the antthrush family. It is based on a large [[molecular phylogenetic]] study of the [[suboscines]] by Michael Harvey and collaborators that was published in 2020.<ref name=harvey>{{Cite journal | last1=Harvey | first1=M.G. | display-authors=etal | date=2020 | title=The evolution of a tropical biodiversity hotspot | journal=Science | volume=370 | issue=6522 | pages=1343–1348 | doi=10.1126/science.aaz6970 | pmid=33303617 | bibcode=2020Sci...370.1343H | hdl=10138/329703 | hdl-access=free }} A high resolution version of the phylogenetic tree in Figure 1 is available from the first author's website [http://www.harveybirdlab.org/docs/Harveyetal2020_Fig1_tree_HiRes.pdf here].</ref> The species are those recognised by the [[International Ornithologists' Union]] (IOC).<ref name=ioc>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen | date=January 2023 | title=Antthrushes, antpittas, gnateaters, tapaculos, crescentchests | work=IOC World Bird List Version 13.1 | url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/antthrushes/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=5 March 2023 }}</ref>
{{Clade |style=font-size:90%;line-height:90%
|label1='''Formicariidae''' 
|1={{clade
   |label1=''[[Formicarius (bird)|Formicarius]]''
   |1={{Clade
      |1=[[Rufous-fronted antthrush]] (''Formicarius rufifrons'')
      |2={{clade
         |1=[[Rufous-capped antthrush]] (''Formicarius colma'')
         |2={{clade
            |1=[[Rufous-breasted antthrush]] (''Formicarius rufipectus'')
            |2={{clade
               |1=[[Mayan antthrush]] (''Formicarius moniliger'')
               |2={{clade
                  |1=[[Black-headed antthrush]] (''Formicarius nigricapillus'')
                  |2=[[Black-faced antthrush]] (''Formicarius analis'')
                  }}
               }}
            }}
         }}
      }}
   |label2=''[[Chamaeza]]''
   |2={{clade
      |1={{clade
         |1=[[Rufous-tailed antthrush]] (''Chamaeza ruficauda'')
         |2={{clade
            |1=[[Cryptic antthrush]] (''Chamaeza meruloides'')
            |2={{clade
               |1=[[Barred antthrush]] (''Chamaeza mollissima'')
               |2=[[Schwartz's antthrush]] (''Chamaeza turdina'')
               }}
            }}
         }}
      |2={{clade
         |1=[[Short-tailed antthrush]] (''Chamaeza campanisona'') (Paraguay race - type)
         |2={{clade
            |1=[[Striated antthrush]] (''Chamaeza nobilis'')
            |2=[[Short-tailed antthrush]] (''Chamaeza campanisona'') (Guyana, Venezuela, Colombia)
            }}
         }}
      }}
   }}
}}
The short-tailed antthrush was found to be [[paraphyletic]].<ref name=harvey/> Eleven [[subspecies]] are recognised in several disjunct areas and ornithologists had suspected that more than a single species was involved.<ref name=ioc/><ref>{{ cite book | last1=Ridgely | first1=Robert S. | last2=Tudor | first2=Guy | year=2009 | title=Birds of South America: Passerines | series=Helm Field Guides | location=London | publisher=Christopher Helm | isbn=978-1-408-11342-4 | page=374 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Image !! Genus  !! Living species
|-
|[[File:Formicarius colma -Vale do Ribeira, Registro, Sao Paulo, Brazil-8 (1).jpg|175px]] ||''[[Formicarius (bird)|Formicarius]]'' {{small|Boddaert, 1783}} || 
* [[Rufous-capped antthrush]], ''Formicarius colma''
* [[Black-headed antthrush]], ''Formicarius nigricapillus''
* [[Black-faced antthrush]], ''Formicarius analis''
* [[Mayan antthrush]], ''Formicarius moniliger''
* [[Rufous-fronted antthrush]], ''Formicarius rufifrons''
* [[Rufous-breasted antthrush]], ''Formicarius rufipectus''
|-
|[[File:Chamaeza meruloides - Such's Anttrush; Iporanga, São Paulo, Brazil.jpg|175px]] ||''[[Chamaeza]]'' {{small|Vigors, 1825}} || 
* [[Short-tailed antthrush]], ''Chamaeza campanisona''
* [[Cryptic antthrush]], ''Chamaeza meruloides''
* [[Barred antthrush]], ''Chamaeza mollissima''
* [[Striated antthrush]], ''Chamaeza nobilis''
* [[Rufous-tailed antthrush]], ''Chamaeza ruficauda''
* [[Schwartz's antthrush]], ''Chamaeza turdina''
|-
|}