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Formication
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==Causes== Causes of formication include normal states such as onset of [[menopause]] (i.e. hormone withdrawal). Other causes are medical conditions such as [[pesticide|pesticide exposure]],<ref>{{cite journal|pmid=1964560|year=1990|last1=Vijverberg|first1=H. P.|title=Neurotoxicological effects and the mode of action of pyrethroid insecticides|journal=Critical Reviews in Toxicology|volume=21|issue=2|pages=105β126|last2=Van Den Bercken|first2=J|doi=10.3109/10408449009089875 |hdl=1874/210650|s2cid=27614110 |url=https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/1874/210650/1/CRC%20Rev%20Tox%201990.pdf}}</ref> [[mercury poisoning]], [[diabetic neuropathy]], [[skin cancer]], [[syphilis]], [[Lyme disease]], [[hypocalcaemia]], or [[herpes zoster]] (shingles) and [[neurocysticercosis]].<ref name=Hinkle/> Formication can be a result of stimulant intoxication or withdrawal from [[methamphetamine]], [[Datura]], [[cocaine]],<ref>{{cite journal |last=Rusyniak |first=Daniel E. |title=Neurologic manifestations of chronic methamphetamine abuse |journal=Neurologic Clinics |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=641β655 |year=2011 |pmc=3148451 |pmid=21803215 |doi=10.1016/j.ncl.2011.05.004}}</ref> or [[alcohol withdrawal|alcohol]] in [[alcoholic]]s (i.e. [[delirium tremens]]), and is often accompanied by visual hallucinations of insects.<ref name=Hinkle/> It can also occur as a symptom of [[benzodiazepine withdrawal]], withdrawal from medication such as [[SSRI]]/[[SNRI]] [[Antidepressant|antidepressants]] and [[tramadol]]; and as a side effect of [[opioid]] analgesics.{{cn|date=August 2019}}
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