Editing Frankston line (section)

== History ==
=== 19th century ===
[[File:22Thomasbent.jpg|left|thumb|The line was opened by Minister for Railways [[Thomas Bent]] in 1881|214x214px]]
In 1881, the Frankston line began operations by the [[Victorian Railways]] on a single tracked line from [[Caulfield railway station|Caulfield]] to [[Mordialloc railway station|Mordialloc]].<ref name="somersaultjul103">{{cite magazine |author=Andrew Waugh |date=July 2010 |title=Mordialloc |magazine=Somersault |publisher=Signalling Record Society Victoria |pages=69–72}}</ref> Mordialloc station was officially opened on 19 December 1881 by [[Thomas Bent|Sir Thomas Bent]], who was the Minister of Railways, and later becoming the [[Premier of Victoria]] between 1904 and 1909.<ref name="somersaultjul103"/><ref name="thomas">{{cite web |title=Sir Thomas Bent |url=https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/about/people-in-parliament/re-member/details/24/226 |access-date=28 May 2023 |website=parliament.vic.gov.au}}</ref> The first train to arrive at Mordialloc was a special service from [[Princes Bridge railway station|Princes Bridge]], which collected school children from the [[Brighton, Victoria|Brighton]] area. Further specials occurred during the day, with proper timetabled services commencing the following day. Six services were provided upon opening and, apart from two services, all were shuttle services operating between Caulfield and Mordialloc.<ref name="somersaultjul103"/>

In August 1882, operations were extended from Mordialloc to Frankston.<ref name=":13">{{Cite news |date=1882-08-02 |title=Opening of the Frankston Railway. |work=South Bourke and Mornington Journal |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article70053011 |access-date=2023-02-07}}</ref> The section of track from Caulfield to Mordialloc was duplicated in 1888.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-03-14 |title=Mordialloc Structure Plan-Precinct 1 Railway Station |url=http://www.kingston.vic.gov.au/Files/Part_3-Mordialloc_Structure_Plan-Precinct_1_Railway_Station.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110314090515/http://www.kingston.vic.gov.au/Files/Part_3-Mordialloc_Structure_Plan-Precinct_1_Railway_Station.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2011 |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=Kingston Council}}</ref> In 1883 the line between Richmond station and South Yarra was quadrupled to accommodate an increase in train services due to the opening of Frankston and [[Sandringham railway line|Sandringham]] lines.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 January 2023 |title=Victorian Heritage Database place details. Former South Yarra Railway Station |url=http://vhd.heritage.vic.gov.au/reports/report_place/1081 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230109020044/http://vhd.heritage.vic.gov.au/reports/report_place/1081 |archive-date=9 January 2023 |access-date=9 January 2023}}</ref>

In 1885, a number of level crossing removal works occurred between [[Flinders Street railway station|Flinders Street station]] and South Yarra due to an increase in freight and passenger operations.<ref name=":142">{{Cite web |last1=Woodcock |first1=Ian |last2=Stone |first2=John |date=2016 |title=The Benefits Of Level Crossing Removals. Lessons from Melbourne's historical experience |url=https://msd.unimelb.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/2733112/LXRA-Report_low_resolution.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230109020042/https://msd.unimelb.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/2733112/LXRA-Report_low_resolution.pdf |archive-date=9 January 2023 |access-date=9 January 2023 |page=18}}</ref> These crossings were removed through a combination of lowering and raising the corridor.<ref name=":142" />

=== 20th century ===
[[File:Chelsea Railway Station c1910.jpg|left|thumb|Chelsea station following the duplication in 1910]]
[[File:Patterson River early 1900s.jpg|left|thumb|The original bridge over the [[Patterson River]] (pictured here) was rebuilt in 1974]]
In 1910, the remaining track from Mordialloc to Frankston was duplicated. In 1915, the line between South Yarra and Caulfield was quadrupled, as part of level crossing removal works. This section of the line was lowered into a cutting to eliminate numerous level crossings.<ref name=":14">{{Cite web |last1=Woodcock |first1=Ian |last2=Stone |first2=John |date=2016 |title=The Benefits Of Level Crossing Removals. Lessons from Melbourne's historical experience |url=https://msd.unimelb.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/2733112/LXRA-Report_low_resolution.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230109020042/https://msd.unimelb.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/2733112/LXRA-Report_low_resolution.pdf |archive-date=9 January 2023 |access-date=9 January 2023 |page=18}}</ref> Power [[Railway signalling|signalling]] was provided between [[Richmond railway station, Melbourne|Richmond]] and [[Hawksburn railway station|Hawksburn]] at the same time, then on to Caulfield in 1921.<ref name=":15">Fisher, Peter (2007). ''Victorian Signalling: by Accident or Design?''. Australian Railway Historical Society (Victorian Division). {{isbn|978-1-920892-50-0}}</ref>

[[Railway electrification system|Electrification]] of the line to Frankston occurred in three stages during 1922. In March 1922, the section from South Yarra to Glen Huntly station was electrified, with the section to Mordialloc being electrified in June 1922, and the final section to Frankston being completed by August 1922.<ref name=":16">{{Cite web |title=Report upon the Application of electric traction to the Melbourne suburban railway system |url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-489878788 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124093209/https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-489878788/view |archive-date=24 January 2023 |access-date=20 December 2022 |website=Trove}}</ref><ref name=":92">{{Cite news |date=22 August 2022 |title=More Melburnians could hop on a train or tram every 10 minutes under ambitious Greens proposal |work=ABC News |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-08-23/melbourne-train-tram-services-victorian-greens-state-election/101357298 |url-status=live |access-date=18 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221217181820/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-08-23/melbourne-train-tram-services-victorian-greens-state-election/101357298 |archive-date=17 December 2022}}</ref> The electrification of the line allowed for the introduction of [[Swing Door (train)|Swing Door]] [[electric multiple unit]] trains for the first time.<ref name=":16" /><ref>S.E. Dornan and R.G. Henderson: (1979) ''The Electric Railways of Victoria''</ref>

The introduction of power signalling on the line begun in 1933 with the section from Caulfield to Glen Huntly, with the remainder of the line converted in stages from 1958 to 1986.<ref name=":15" /> The current bridge over the [[Patterson River]] was provided in 1974, replacing the previous [[trestle bridge]].<ref>{{cite magazine |author=Jack McLean |date=June 1974 |title=Carrum |magazine=Newsrail |publisher=Australian Railway Historical Society |page=47}}</ref> Triplication of the line from Caulfield to Moorabbin from two to three tracks was announced by Transport Minister [[Steve Crabb]] in 1984, at a cost of A$10 million. Construction of the additional track was designed to increase peak hour capacity and to provide express services on the corridor, with time savings of more than 10 minutes from Frankston. Work begun in July that year with a completion by the end of 1985.<ref>{{cite magazine |date=June 1984 |title=Works |magazine=Newsrail |publisher=Australian Railway Historical Society (Victorian Division) |page=221}}</ref> The introduction of services on the new track was delayed by two years till June 1987.<ref>{{cite magazine |date=September 1987 |title=Works |magazine=Newsrail |publisher=Australian Railway Historical Society (Victorian Division) |page=221}}</ref> Further plans announced in the 1970s included the extension of the third track to Mordialloc, however, these plans failed to materialise.<ref>{{cite magazine |date=July 1975 |title=Mordialloc-Caulfield |magazine=Victorian Railways |publisher=VicRail |page=103}}</ref>

In 1981, Frankston line services commenced operations through the [[City Loop]], after previously terminating at [[Flinders Street railway station|Flinders]] or [[Southern Cross railway station|Spencer Street]] stations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trove |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/230627886?keyword=city%20loop%20opening |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114102753/https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/230627886?keyword=city%20loop%20opening |archive-date=14 January 2023 |access-date=2023-01-14 |website=trove.nla.gov.au}}</ref> The commencement of operations involved the service stopping at three new stations—[[Parliament railway station|Parliament]], [[Melbourne Central railway station|Melbourne Central]] (formally Museum), and [[Flagstaff railway station|Flagstaff]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=City Loop closure |url=https://www.ptv.vic.gov.au/disruptions/city-loop-closure/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114102756/https://www.ptv.vic.gov.au/disruptions/city-loop-closure/ |archive-date=14 January 2023 |access-date=2023-01-14 |website=Public Transport Victoria |language=en-GB}}</ref> The Loop follows [[La Trobe Street|La Trobe]] and [[Spring Street, Melbourne|Spring Streets]] along the northern and eastern edges of the [[Hoddle Grid]].<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title=Guide to navigating the City Loop {{!}} Public Transport Users Association (Victoria, Australia) |url=https://www.ptua.org.au/tips/loop/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212120652/https://www.ptua.org.au/tips/loop/ |archive-date=12 December 2022 |access-date=2023-01-14 |language=en-AU}}</ref> The Loop connects with Melbourne's two busiest stations, [[Flinders Street railway station|Flinders Street]] and [[Southern Cross railway station|Southern Cross]], via the elevated [[Flinders Street Viaduct]].<ref name=":7" />

=== 21st century ===
{{Main|Frankston railway line#Future}}

A 2007, restructure of train ticketing in Melbourne involved the removal of Zone 3, with Zone 3 stations being re-classified to Zone 2.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Moynihan |first=Stephen |date=3 March 2007 |title=No more Zone 3 lifts load on commuters |url=https://www.theage.com.au/national/no-more-zone-3-lifts-load-on-commuters-20070303-ge4cc2.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229011957/https://www.theage.com.au/national/no-more-zone-3-lifts-load-on-commuters-20070303-ge4cc2.html |archive-date=29 December 2022 |access-date=29 December 2022 |website=The Age}}</ref> This brought the cost of train fares down, improving system accessibility to the public. All stations between [[Patterson railway station|Patterson]] and Frankston were rezoned to Zone 2.<ref>{{Citation |last= |title=Melbourne's Train Network Map 2006 |date=2014-07-16 |url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/mptgextras/14948201377/ |access-date=2023-08-05 |publisher=Melbourne's Public Transport Gallery}}</ref>
[[File:Southland Railway Station.jpg|thumb|[[Southland railway station|Southland station]] was opened in November 2017|alt=The new side platforms at the modern southland station, with a shelter in the foreground]]
At the [[2010 Victorian state election|2010 state election]], both the [[Australian Labor Party (Victorian Branch)|Labor Party]] and the [[Liberal Party of Australia|Liberal Party]] promised to provide a new [[Premium station]] between [[Highett railway station|Highett]] and [[Cheltenham railway station, Melbourne|Cheltenham]], to serve the [[Westfield Southland]] shopping centre.<ref>{{cite web |title=City of Kingston Historical Website – 'Railway Station at Bay Road' |url=http://localhistory.kingston.vic.gov.au/htm/article/72.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927095850/http://localhistory.kingston.vic.gov.au/htm/article/72.htm |archive-date=27 September 2011 |access-date=2007-07-30}}</ref> The station was projected to cost $13 million, and would have two [[railway platform|platforms]], an information booth, and shelters with a projected usage of 1,400 passengers daily. The project was scheduled to be completed by 2014, however, no progress was made till after the [[2014 Victorian state election|2014 state election]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Andrews |first1=Jon |date=2010-11-18 |title=Both parties promise Southland train station |work=Bayside Leader |url=http://bayside-leader.whereilive.com.au/news/story/mordialloc-both-parties-promise-southland-train-station/ |access-date=2017-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110123170538/http://bayside-leader.whereilive.com.au/news/story/mordialloc-both-parties-promise-southland-train-station/ |archive-date=2011-01-23}}</ref> The new station opened on 26 November 2017 as [[Southland railway station|Southland station]].<ref>{{cite web |title=New station at Southland |url=https://www.ptv.vic.gov.au/projects/railway-stations/new-station-at-southland/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131126020859/https://www.ptv.vic.gov.au/projects/railway-stations/new-station-at-southland/ |archive-date=26 November 2013 |access-date=19 October 2019 |publisher=Public Transport Victoria}}</ref> In 2013, the line, along with the [[Werribee railway line|Werribee]] and [[Williamstown railway line|Williamstown]] lines, were upgraded as part of the Bayside Rail Project. The upgrade included station refurbishments, track, signal, and electrical upgrades to allow [[X'Trapolis 100|X'Trapolis]] trains to operate on these lines.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bayside Rail Project |url=http://ptv.vic.gov.au/projects/rail-projects/bayside-rail-project/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140429223236/http://ptv.vic.gov.au/projects/rail-projects/bayside-rail-project/ |archive-date=2014-04-29 |access-date=2017-11-13 |publisher=Public Transport Victoria}}</ref>

In 2021, the metropolitan timetable underwent a major rewrite, resulting in all Frankston line trains operating direct between [[Richmond railway station, Melbourne|Richmond]] and [[Flinders Street railway station|Flinders Street]] before continuing onto the Werribee and Williamstown lines. Under these changes, Frankston services no longer operate via the [[City Loop]], with an additional 45 new services each week.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web |title=New timetable train line information |url=https://www.ptv.vic.gov.au/more/the-new-timetable-for-victorias-train-network/new-timetable-train-line-information/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204042226/https://www.ptv.vic.gov.au/more/the-new-timetable-for-victorias-train-network/new-timetable-train-line-information/ |archive-date=4 February 2021 |access-date=2021-01-31 |website=Public Transport Victoria |language=en-GB}}</ref> The additional services upgraded frequencies to a train every 5 minutes in peak hour, every 10 minutes throughout the day, and every 20 minutes until midnight.<ref name=":11" />