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Franz Roubaud
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== Biography == [[File:Battle of Borodino panorama 06 by shakko.jpg|thumb|254px|Viewing the panorama painting]] Franz (François) Roubaud was born on 15 June 1856 in [[Odessa]] to Honoré Fortuné Alexis Roubaud and his wife Magdeleine (née Sénèque). Franz was the fourth of five children in a Catholic family; his father was a bookseller and stationer, originally from [[Marseille]].<ref name=roth>{{cite web|last1=Sugrobova-Roth|first1=Olga|title=Biography of Franz Roubaud|url=http://www.roubaud.eu/biography_engl.html|website=roubaud.eu|access-date=11 October 2014}}</ref> He studied at the [[Grekov Odessa Art school|Odessa Drawing School]]. In 1877 Roubaud went to [[Munich]] and studied at the [[Munich Academy of Fine Arts]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hrono.ru/biograf/bio_r/rubo.html|title=Franz Roubaud A. Biographical index (Russian)|publisher=www.hrono.ru|access-date=11 October 2014}}</ref> He then settled in [[Saint Petersburg]], working in the [[Imperial Academy of Arts]] and painting huge panoramas of historical battles. In 1904-12 Roubaud taught at the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts as a professor. During this time he painted the Siege of Sevastopol, a panoramic painting. In the mid-19th century, the various [[panoramic painting]]s became a fashionable way to depict landscapes and historical events. The ''panorama'' was a 360-degree visual medium patented by the artist [[Robert Barker (painter)|Robert Barker]] in 1787. This was a new thing for the time and for the audiences in Europe of this period these paintings were a sensation. The paintings created a new illusion, transporting the viewer into a virtual reality, creating the perception of being physically present in the middle of the events. When standing in the middle of the 360 degree panorama this created the impression of standing in a new environment.<ref>[Mieszkowski, Jan, Watching war, 2012, Stanford, California Stanford University Press,{{ISBN|978-0-8047-8240-1}}, p.91]</ref> He became renowned thanks to the giant panoramic paintings he executed during his lifetime. Roubaud's works were so large that they required specially built pavilions to exhibit them. These paintings are one of the few panoramas still extant of a popular 19th-century genre. The viewer stands in the centre of the circular panorama, and observes the various scenes whilst walking around and observing the panorama from different viewing angles. In 1913 Roubaud left Russia for Germany, settling in Munich. After the outbreak of [[World War I]], the German authorities recognized him as a French citizen, but did not intern him, and on 19 December 1914 they granted him German citizenship.<ref name=roubaud>{{Cite web |title=Franz Roubaud / catalogue raisonné |url=https://www.roubaud.eu/biography_engl.html |access-date=2022-04-21 |website=www.roubaud.eu}}</ref> He lived in Munich for the rest of his life and died on 13 March 1928.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.peoples.ru/art/painter/finz_rubo/|title=Russian artists, Franz Roubaud (Russian) |publisher=www.peoples.ru|access-date=11 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.atlasobscura.com/places/borodino-panorama|title=Borodino panorama |publisher=www.atlasobscura.com|access-date=11 October 2014}}</ref>
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