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Franz Sigel
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==Early life== Sigel was born in [[Sinsheim]], [[Grand Duchy of Baden|Baden]] (Germany), and attended the [[gymnasium (school)|gymnasium]] in [[Bruchsal]].{{sfn|Wittke|1952|p=237}} He graduated from [[Karlsruhe]] Military Academy in 1843, and was commissioned as a [[lieutenant]] in the army of the [[Grand Duchy of Baden]]. He met the revolutionaries [[Friedrich Hecker]] and [[Gustav von Struve]] and became associated with the revolutionary movement. He was wounded in a duel in 1847. The same year, he retired from the army to begin [[law school]] studies in [[University of Heidelberg|Heidelberg]]. After organizing a revolutionary free corps in [[Mannheim]] and later in the Seekreis county, he soon became a leader of the [[Baden Revolution|Baden revolutionary]] forces (with the rank of [[Colonel (United States)|colonel]]) in the [[German_revolutions_of_1848β1849|1848 revolution]], being one of the few revolutionaries with military command experience. In April 1848, he led the "Sigel-Zug", recruiting a militia of more than 4,000 volunteers to lead a siege against the city of [[Freiburg]]. His militia was defeated on April 23, 1848 by the numerically inferior but better led troops of the [[Grand Duchy of Baden]]. In 1849, he became Secretary of War and commander-in-chief of the revolutionary republican government of Baden. Wounded in a skirmish, Sigel had to resign his command but continued to support the revolutionary war effort as [[adjutant general]] to his successor [[Ludwik Mieroslawski]]. In July, after the defeat of the revolutionaries by Prussian troops and Mieroslawski's departure, Sigel led the retreat of the remaining troops in their flight to Switzerland.<ref name="NIE">{{harvnb|Gilman|Peck|Colby|1905}}</ref> Sigel later went on to England. Sigel immigrated to the United States in 1852, as did many other German ''[[Forty-Eighters]]''. Sigel taught in the [[New York City]] public schools and served in the state militia. He married a daughter of [[Rudolf Dulon]] and taught in Dulon's school.{{sfn|Wilson|Fiske|1900}} In 1857, he became a professor at the German-American Institute in [[St. Louis]], [[Missouri]]. He was elected director of the St. Louis public schools in 1860. He was influential in the Missouri immigrant community. He attracted Germans to the [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]] side and antislavery causes when he openly supported them in 1861.
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