Editing Frascati Manual (section)

== Contents ==
The Frascati Manual classifies budgets according to what is done, what is studied, and who is studying it.  For example, an [[Oral history preservation|oral history project]] conducted by a religious organization would be classified as being basic research, in the field of humanities (the sub-category of history), and performed by a non-governmental, non-profit organization.

=== Three forms of research ===
The manual gives definitions for: [[basic research]], [[applied research]], [[Research and development]]; research personnel: [[researchers]], [[technicians]], auxiliary personnel. 

The Frascati Manual classifies research into three categories:<ref>[https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264239012-en Frascati Manual 2015: Guidelines for Collecting and Reporting Data on Research and Experimental Development p. 29]</ref>

* ''Basic research'' is experimental or theoretical work undertaken primarily to acquire new knowledge of the underlying foundations of phenomena and observable facts, without any particular application or use in view.
* ''Applied research'' is original investigation undertaken in order to acquire new knowledge. It is, however, directed primarily towards a specific, practical aim or objective.
* ''Experimental development'' is systematic work, drawing on knowledge gained from research and practical experience and producing additional knowledge, which is directed to producing new products or processes or to improving existing products or processes.

These involve novelty, creativity, uncertainty, systematic, and reproducibility and transferability.

===Research areas===
It also organizes the fields of scholarly research endeavors, from mathematics to literature, into main and sub-categories.  The 2002 Frascati Manual included a 'Field of Science' (FOS) classification.  After several reviews, a Revised [[Fields of Science and Technology]] (FOS) classification was published in February 2007 consisting of the following high-level groupings:<ref>[https://web-archive.oecd.org/2012-06-15/138575-38235147.pdf Revised Field of Science and Technology (FOS) Classification in the Frascati Manual], OECD</ref>

# Natural sciences
# Engineering and technology
# Medical and Health sciences
# Agricultural sciences
# Social sciences
# Humanities

=== Industry sectors ===
The Frascati Manual deals primarily with measuring the expenditure and personnel resources devoted to [[R&D]] in the industry sectors performing it: [[higher education]], [[government]], [[business]], and private [[non-profit organisations]].