Editing Fritz Machlup (section)

==Early life and career==
Machlup was born to [[Jewish]] parents in [[Wiener Neustadt|Wiener-Neustadt]], then in the [[Austria-Hungary|Austro-Hungarian Empire]]. His father was a businessman who owned two factories that manufactured cardboard.<ref name=Gottfried1983>{{cite journal |first1=Gottfried |last1=Haberler |title=Fritz Machlup In Memoriam |journal=Cato Journal |volume=3 |issue=1 |date=1983 |pages=11 |url=https://www.cato.org/sites/cato.org/files/serials/files/cato-journal/1983/5/cj3n1-2.pdf |access-date=2023-12-29 |archive-date=2024-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240814031906/https://www.cato.org/sites/cato.org/files/serials/files/cato-journal/1983/5/cj3n1-2.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1920, he began studying economics at the [[University of Vienna]], where he received his [[Doctorate#Germany|dr.rer.pol]] in 1923.<ref name=":1">{{cite web | url=https://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf000000hs/admin/ | title=Machlup (Fritz) papers | access-date=2023-12-21 | archive-date=2023-12-21 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231221031731/https://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf000000hs/admin/ | url-status=live }}</ref> At Vienna, he attended lectures by [[Friedrich von Wieser]], and participated in seminars organised by [[Ludwig von Mises]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Langlois |first1=Richard N |chapter=From the Knowledge of Economics to the Economics of Knowledge: Fritz Machlup on Methodology and on the 'Knowledge Society' |title=Research in the History of Economic Thought and Methodology |date=1985 |volume=3 |pages=225–235 |oclc=1192122453 |chapter-url=https://richard-langlois.uconn.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/1617/2019/09/Machlup-Knowledge-1985.pdf |isbn=978-0-89232-616-7 |editor1-last=Samuels |editor1-first=Warren J |s2cid=37979985 }}</ref>

In 1933, he moved to the [[United States]], where he was a research fellow at the [[Rockefeller Foundation]] from 1933 to 1935.<ref name=":1" /> After the [[Anschluss|Nazi seizure of Austria in 1938]], Machlup remained in the United States, and became a [[Citizenship of the United States|naturalised citizen of the US]] in 1940.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Klausinger |first1=Hansjoerg |title=Academic Anti-Semitism and the Austrian School: Vienna, 1918–1945 |journal=Atlantic Economic Journal |date=June 2014 |volume=42 |issue=2 |pages=191–204 |doi=10.1007/s11293-014-9410-x |s2cid=154581753 |url=http://epub.wu.ac.at/3983/1/wp155.pdf }}</ref> He was the [[Frank H. Goodyear]] Professor of Economics at the [[University at Buffalo]] from 1935 to 1947,<ref name=":1" /> and held visiting positions at various universities around the US, including [[Harvard University|Harvard]], [[Columbia University|Columbia]], and [[Stanford University|Stanford]].<ref name=":1" />

From 1947 to 1960, he was the Abram G. Hutzler Professor of Political Economy at [[Johns Hopkins University]], during which time he served as a research fellow at the [[Ford Foundation]] in 1957–58.<ref name=":1" /> He was the Walker Professor of Economics and International Finance at [[Princeton University]] between 1960 and 1971, where he also directed the International Finance Section.<ref name=":1" /> He was a consultant to the [[United States Department of the Treasury|Treasury Department]] from 1965 to 1977.<ref name=":1" /> From 1971 till his death in 1983, he was a professor of economics at [[New York University]].<ref name=":1" /> His key work was ''The Production and Distribution of Knowledge in the United States'' (1962), which is credited with popularizing the concept of the [[information society]].<ref name=":0" />

Machlup was elected to the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]] in 1961, and the [[American Philosophical Society]] in 1963.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fritz Machlup |url=https://www.amacad.org/person/fritz-machlup |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=American Academy of Arts & Sciences |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=APS Member History |url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Fritz+Machlup&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=search.amphilsoc.org |archive-date=2022-11-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109150459/https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Fritz+Machlup&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced |url-status=live }}</ref> He served as President of the [[American Economic Association]] in 1966,<ref>{{Cite web |title=American Economic Association |url=https://www.aeaweb.org/about-aea/leadership/officers/past-officers/presidents |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=www.aeaweb.org |archive-date=2019-03-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327075141/https://www.aeaweb.org/about-aea/leadership/officers/past-officers/presidents |url-status=live }}</ref> and was President of the [[International Economic Association]] from 1971 to 1974.<ref name=":2">{{cite web | url=https://iea-world.org/about-the-iea/general-information/ | title=General Information &#124; IEA | access-date=2023-12-21 | archive-date=2023-12-21 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231221031732/https://iea-world.org/about-the-iea/general-information/ | url-status=live }}</ref>

Shortly before his death, he completed the third in a series of ten planned volumes collectively called ''Knowledge: Its Creation, Distribution, and Economic Significance''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Machlup |first1=Fritz |title=Knowledge: Its Creation, Distribution and Economic Significance, Volume III: The Economics of Information and Human Capital |date=2016 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-64049-5 }}{{page needed|date=December 2023}}</ref> Machlup also helped form the [[Bellagio Group]] in the early 1960s, and joined its direct successor, the [[Group of Thirty]], in 1979.<ref name=Gottfried1983/><ref>{{cite web |title=Bellagio Group |url=https://bellagio.mit.edu/ |publisher=MIT |access-date=3 August 2020 |archive-date=22 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022104224/https://bellagio.mit.edu/ |url-status=live }}</ref>