Editing GM Ecotec engine (section)

==Generation I==
{{Infobox automobile engine
| name         = Generation I
| aka          =
| production   = 1999&ndash;2012
| fuelsystem   = {{ubl
                 | [[Fuel injection#Multi-point injection|Sequential multi-point fuel injection]]
                 | [[Gasoline direct injection]]
                 }}
| fueltype     = {{ubl
                 | [[Gasoline]]
                 | [[CNG]]
                 | [[E85]]
                 }}
| image        = 
| displacement = {{ubl
                 | {{cvt|1998|cc|L|1|order=flip}}
                 | {{cvt|2198|cc|L|1|order=flip}}
                 }}
| bore         = {{cvt|86|mm|in}}
| stroke       = {{ubl
                 | {{cvt|86|mm|in}}
                 | {{cvt|94.6|mm|in}}
                 }}
| compression  = {{ubl
                 | 8.8:1
                 | 9.5:1
                 | 10.0:1
                 }}
| management   =
| power        = 
| specpower    = 
| torque       = 
| length       = {{cvt|665|mm|in}}
| width        = {{cvt|642|mm|in}}
| height       = {{cvt|655|mm|in}}
| weight       = {{cvt|139|-|150|kg|lb}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://archives.media.gm.com/division/2005_prodinfo/powertrain/whats%20new/Ecotec/_2005%20LSJ.doc |title=Ecotec Supercharged 2.0L I-4 (LSJ) Car Engine |format=DOC |access-date=22 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111027072512/http://archives.media.gm.com/division/2005_prodinfo/powertrain/whats%20new/Ecotec/_2005%20LSJ.doc |archive-date=27 October 2011}}</ref>
}}
The "[[Ecotec]]" name was adopted in 1994 for the new generation of Family II engines (2000 in North America) . The name was already used for the Opel GM Family II engine, [[GM Family 1 engine|Family 1]] and [[GM Family 0 engine|Family 0]] ranges. GM intended this new Ecotec to become its global 4-cylinder, and it has already fully replaced their [[GM 122 engine|OHV I4]] line.

The Ecotec engine is a [[DOHC]] [[multivalve|4-valve]] design with a lost foam cast aluminium block and head (L850 for 86&nbsp;mm bore applications, and L880 for 88&nbsp;mm bore{{Citation needed|date=August 2014}}), designed for displacements from 1.8 to 2.4&nbsp;L. Development began in 1994, by an international team of engineers and technicians from [[Opel]]'s ''International Technical Development Center'' in [[Rüsselsheim]], Germany, [[GM Powertrain]] in [[Pontiac, Michigan]], and [[Saab Automobile|Saab]] in [[Södertälje]], Sweden.<ref name="Auto Channel 2.2">{{cite web|title=GM's Ecotec 2.2-Liter 4-Cylinder Engine Delivers|url=http://www.theautochannel.com/news/2002/02/07/035471.html|work=[[The Auto Channel]]|access-date=15 March 2013|location=Pontiac, Michigan}}</ref> Much of the development work on this project was carried out by [https://web.archive.org/web/20060227023927/http://www.grouplotus.com/eng/ Lotus Engineering], Hethel, United Kingdom. The engine uses [[aluminium]] pistons and cast [[iron]] cylinder liners. Vibration is reduced with twin [[balance shaft]]s.

The first engine in the Ecotec Gen I line-up was [[#L61|Ecotec 2.2 ''L61'']], introduced in May 1999.

The current Ecotec line is manufactured in [[Tonawanda (town), New York|Tonawanda, New York]].<ref name="Auto Channel 2.2" />

===2.0===
==== {{anchor|Z20NET}} LK9====
[[File:gm ecotec LK9 saab93.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Saab B207 engine in a 2008 [[Saab 9-3|Saab 9-3 2.0T]]]]

This engine is also known as '''B207''' when used by [[Saab Automobile|Saab]] and '''Z20NET''' by Opel for use in the Vectra C and Signum.

LK9 is a [[Turbocharger|turbocharged]] {{cvt|1998|cc|L|1|order=flip}} version of the L850 (86&nbsp;mm bore) series Ecotec utilizing an all-new reinforced sand cast aluminium cylinder head and upgraded internal components. The engine features a five-bearing forged steel crankshaft, strengthened connecting rods, redesigned pistons, piston oil cooling jets, reprofiled camshafts and an integrated oil cooler.<ref>{{cite web |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=12 May 2016 |url=http://saabworld.net/wp/2003-saab-9-3-sport-sedan-press-release/ |title=2003 Saab 9-3 Sport Sedan &ndash; Press Release |website=saabworld.net }}</ref> The exhaust valves are liquid sodium-cooled. All vehicles using this engine feature Saab's [[Trionic]] 8 (T8) engine management system as well as a revised valve train. The timing chain and timing gears are also new, along with Saab's Direct Ignition system. The reinforcements, turbocharging, intercooling, internals, dual overhead camshaft, and such were developed by GM Powertrain Sweden (Saab Automobile Powertrain). It features an {{cvt|86|mm|in}} bore and stroke and a 9.5:1 compression ratio. Maximum power is {{cvt|210|hp|kW}} at 5300&nbsp;rpm and {{cvt|221|lbft|Nm|0}} of torque at 2500&nbsp;rpm. Maximum boost is {{cvt|12.3|psi|bar}}.

Applications:
* 2003&ndash;2014 [[Saab 9-3]] – B207E, B207L, B207R
* 2003&ndash;2008 [[Opel Vectra]] – Z20NET (rebadged B207L)
* 2003&ndash;2008 [[Opel Signum]] – Z20NET (rebadged B207L)
* 2006&ndash;2010 [[Cadillac BLS]] – B207L, B207R

{| class="wikitable"
! scope="col" | Model
! scope="col" | Years
! scope="col" | Power
! scope="col" | Torque
! scope="col" | Turbocharger
! scope="col" | Boost Pressure
|-
| 1.8t (B207E)
| 2003&ndash;2006
| {{cvt|110|kW|hp|0|order=flip}} @ 5500&nbsp;rpm
| {{cvt|240|Nm|lbft|0|order=flip}} @ 2000&ndash;3500&nbsp;rpm
| {{ubl
  | Low-pressure
  | ([[Honeywell Turbo Technologies|Garrett]] GT2052s)
  }}
| {{cvt|7.3|psi|bar}}
|-
| 1.8t (B207E)
| 2006&ndash;2012
| {{cvt|110|kW|hp|0|order=flip}} @ 5500&nbsp;rpm
| {{cvt|240|Nm|lbft|0|order=flip}} @ 2000&ndash;3500&nbsp;rpm
| {{ubl
  | Low-pressure
  | ([[Mitsubishi Heavy Industries|MHI]] TD04-11TK)
  }}
| {{cvt|7.3|psi|bar}}
|-
| 2.0t (B207L)
| 2003&ndash;2006
| {{cvt|129|kW|hp|0|order=flip}} @ 5500&nbsp;rpm
| {{cvt|265|Nm|lbft|0|order=flip}} @ 2500&ndash;4000&nbsp;rpm
| {{ubl
  | Mid-pressure
  | ([[Honeywell Turbo Technologies|Garrett]] GT2052s)
  }}
| {{cvt|8.7|psi|bar}}
|-
| 2.0t (B207L)
| 2006&ndash;2012
| {{cvt|129|kW|hp|0|order=flip}} @ 5500&nbsp;rpm
| {{cvt|265|Nm|lbft|0|order=flip}} @ 2500&ndash;4000&nbsp;rpm
| {{ubl
  | Mid-pressure
  | ([[Mitsubishi Heavy Industries|MHI]] TD04-11TK)
  }}
| {{cvt|8.7|psi|bar}}
|-
| 2.0T (B207R)
| 2003&ndash;2014
| {{cvt|154.5|kW|hp|0|order=flip}} @ 5300&nbsp;rpm
| {{cvt|300|Nm|lbft|0|order=flip}} @ 2500&ndash;4000&nbsp;rpm
| {{ubl
  | High-pressure
  | ([[Mitsubishi Heavy Industries|MHI]] TD04-14T)
  }}
| {{cvt|12.3|psi|bar}}
|}

====LSJ====
[[File:2006 Saturn Ion Red Line engine.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Ecotec LSJ engine in a 2006 [[Saturn Ion|Saturn Ion Red Line]]]]

The '''LSJ''' is a supercharged version of the LK9 Ecotec {{cvt|1998|cc|L|1|order=flip}} with an [[Eaton Corporation|Eaton]] M62 [[Roots-type supercharger]] and air-to-liquid [[intercooler]]. The LSJ shares many of its components with the LK9 such as: piston cooling jets, oil cooler, pistons, connecting rods, crankshaft, oil pan, sodium-filled exhaust valves and cylinder head.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archives.media.gm.com/division/2005_prodinfo/powertrain/index.html|access-date=16 April 2014 |title=Site Maintenance }}</ref> It is rated at {{cvt|205|hp|0}} at 5600&nbsp;rpm and {{cvt|200|lbft|Nm|0}} at 4400&nbsp;rpm with a compression ratio of 9.5:1 and a 6450&nbsp;rpm redline. With the end of the Chevy Cobalt S/C SS and Saturn Ion Red Line, the LSJ was discontinued after 2007. In late 2005 [[Brammo Motorsports]] struck a deal with GM for the [[Supercharged]] 2.0&nbsp;L Ecotec for their [[Ariel Atom]]. The engine came in various ratings from {{cvt|205|hp|0}} to {{cvt|300|hp|0}}.

The LSJ was on the [[Ward's 10 Best Engines]] list for 2006.

This engine is used in:

{| class="wikitable"
! scope="col" | Year(s)
! scope="col" | Model
! scope="col" | Power
! scope="col" | Torque
|-
| 2004&ndash;2007
| [[Saturn Ion|Saturn Ion Red Line]]
| {{cvt|205|hp|0}} @ 5600&nbsp;rpm
| {{cvt|200|lbft|Nm|0}} @ 4400&nbsp;rpm
|-
| 2005&ndash;2007
| [[Chevrolet Cobalt SS|Chevrolet Cobalt SS Supercharged Coupe]]
| {{cvt|205|hp|0}} @ 5600&nbsp;rpm
| {{cvt|200|lbft|Nm|0}} @ 4400&nbsp;rpm
|}

===2.2===
====L61====
[[File:Chevrolet classic engine.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Ecotec L61 engine in a [[Chevrolet Malibu|Chevrolet Classic (Malibu)]]]]
[[File:2003 Pontiac Sunfire Ecotec.JPG|right|thumb|250px|2003 Pontiac Sunfire Ecotec engine]]
[[File:2003CavalierL61Engine.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Ecotec L61 installed in a 2003 [[Chevrolet Cavalier]]]]{{Hatnote|This engine is also known as a Z22SE in other countries such as the United Kingdom, Australia, and Europe.}}
The basic Family II architecture was substantially re-engineered in 2000 to become the ''Ecotec'' Gen I. Unlike its notably harsh predecessor, the engine was designed for smoothness. Dual in-block balance shafts were integral to the design, the power-steering pump was mounted directly to the cylinder head and driven by the intake camshaft, the water-pump housing was cast into the block, and the A/C compressor and alternator were mounted directly on the block without brackets. The oil filter housing was cast into the block with a removable cover and replaceable paper element. It did not use an EGR valve. The Ecotec line is manufactured in [[Tonawanda (town), New York|Tonawanda, New York]], and [[Kaiserslautern, Germany]], and was also manufactured for [[Saturn Corporation|Saturn]] in [[Spring Hill, Tennessee]], until Saturn's discontinuation. In North America, this engine replaced both the [[GM Quad-4 engine|Quad-4]] and the [[GM 122 engine|GM 122]] engines and first appeared in the 2000 [[Saturn L-Series]].<ref name="Auto Channel 2.2" />

The '''L61''' is a {{cvt|2198|cc|L|1|order=flip}} version with a [[Lost-foam casting|lost-foam cast]] aluminium cylinder head and block; it features an {{cvt|86|mm|in}} bore and {{cvt|94.6|mm|in}} stroke<ref name="Auto Channel 2.2" /> and either a 9.5:1 compression ratio or a 10.0:1. The engine is {{cvt|665|mm|in}} in length, {{cvt|642|mm|in}} in width, {{cvt|655|mm|in}} in height and approximately {{cvt|139|kg|lb}}.<ref name="Auto Channel 2.2" />

The '''Ecotec 2.2''', model '''L61''' first appeared in the 2000 [[Saturn L-Series|Saturn LS1]]; the L61-powered [[Saturn Ion]] also replaced the [[Saturn I4 engine|Saturn]]-powered [[Saturn S-Series]].

There are a few variations to the standard L61. The 2003 [[Saturn L-Series]] has a high output version with higher (10:1) compression and more aggressive [[camshaft]]. The 2004&ndash;2008 [[Chevrolet Malibu#Seventh generation (2008)|Chevrolet Malibu]] uses a version with [[electronic throttle control]] and a special unitized [[exhaust manifold]] and [[catalytic converter]]. The Malibu and Saturn versions also use return-less [[fuel injection]]. The 2002 [[Saturn VUE]] was the first North American variant of the L61 to be equipped with [[electronic throttle control]], whereas other applications did not arise until 2005 in the [[Saturn ION]] and [[Chevrolet Cobalt]]. For 2007, introduced an [[#L61_2|updated version]] of the ''L61'' based on the Gen II design.

The supercharger and inlet manifold from the 2.0 Ecotec LSJ engine can be purchased as an official kit from GM and along with modified software in the ECM, can create a 2.2 supercharged version of this engine.

The L61 was used in the following cars:

{| class="wikitable"
! scope="col" | Year(s)
! scope="col" | Model
! scope="col" | Power
! scope="col" | Torque
! scope="col" | Compression ratio
|-
| 2002
| rowspan="2" | [[Chevrolet Cavalier]]
| rowspan="2" | {{cvt|140|hp|0}} @ 5600&nbsp;rpm
| {{cvt|150|lbft|Nm|0}} @ 4400&nbsp;rpm
| rowspan="2" | 10.0:1
|-
| 2003&ndash;2005
| {{cvt|150|lbft|Nm|0}} @ 4000&nbsp;rpm
|-
| 2005&ndash;2006
| [[Chevrolet Cobalt]]
| {{cvt|145|hp|0}} @ 5600&nbsp;rpm
| {{cvt|155|lbft|Nm|0}} @ 4000&nbsp;rpm
| 10.0:1
|-
| 2006
| [[Chevrolet HHR]]
| {{cvt|143|hp|0}} @ 5600&nbsp;rpm
| {{cvt|150|lbft|Nm|0}} @ 4000&nbsp;rpm
| 10.0:1
|-
| 2004
| rowspan=2 | [[Chevrolet Malibu#Sixth generation (2004)|Chevrolet Malibu]]
| {{cvt|145|hp|0}} @ 5600&nbsp;rpm
| rowspan="2" | {{cvt|155|lbft|Nm|0}} @ 4000&nbsp;rpm
| rowspan="2" | 10.0:1
|-
| 2005&ndash;2006
| {{cvt|144|hp|0}} @ 5600&nbsp;rpm
|-
| 2002&ndash;2004
| [[Oldsmobile Alero]]
| {{cvt|140|hp|0}} @ 5600&nbsp;rpm
| {{cvt|150|lbft|Nm|0}} @ 4000&nbsp;rpm
| 10.0:1
|-
| 2002
| rowspan="2" | [[Pontiac Grand Am]]
| rowspan="2" | {{cvt|140|hp|0}} @ 5600&nbsp;rpm
| {{cvt|150|lbft|Nm|0}} @ 4400&nbsp;rpm
| rowspan="2" | 10.0:1
|-
| 2003&ndash;2005
| {{cvt|150|lbft|Nm|0}} @ 4000&nbsp;rpm
|-
| 2002
| rowspan="2" | [[Pontiac Sunfire]]
| rowspan="2" | {{cvt|140|hp|0}} @ 5600&nbsp;rpm
| {{cvt|150|lbft|Nm|0}} @ 4400&nbsp;rpm
| rowspan="2" | 10.0:1
|-
| 2003&ndash;2005
| {{cvt|150|lbft|Nm|0}} @ 4000&nbsp;rpm
|-
| 2005&ndash;2006
| [[Pontiac G5|Pontiac Pursuit/G5]]
| {{cvt|145|hp|0}} @ 5600&nbsp;rpm
| {{cvt|155|lbft|Nm|0}} @ 4000&nbsp;rpm
| 10.0:1
|-
| 2000
| rowspan=3| [[Saturn L-Series]]
| {{cvt|137|hp|0}} @ 5800&nbsp;rpm
| {{cvt|135|lbft|Nm|0}} @ 4400&nbsp;rpm 
| rowspan=3| 9.5:1
|-
| 2001&ndash;2003
| {{cvt|135|hp|0}} @ 5200&nbsp;rpm
| {{cvt|142|lbft|Nm|0}} @ 4400&nbsp;rpm
|-
| 2004
| {{cvt|140|hp|0}} @ 5600&nbsp;rpm
| {{cvt|150|lbft|Nm|0}} @ 4000&nbsp;rpm
|-
| 2003&ndash;2006
| [[Saturn Ion]]
| {{cvt|140|hp|0}} @ 5800&nbsp;rpm
| {{cvt|145|lbft|Nm|0}} @ 4400&nbsp;rpm
| 10.0:1
|-
| 2002&ndash;2005
| rowspan=3| [[Saturn Vue]]
| {{cvt|143|hp|0}} @ 5400&nbsp;rpm
| rowspan=3| {{cvt|152|lbft|Nm|0}} @ 4000&nbsp;rpm
| rowspan=3| 10.0:1 
|-
| 2006
| {{cvt|143|hp|0}} @ 5600&nbsp;rpm
|-
| 2007
| {{cvt|144|hp|0}} @ 5600&nbsp;rpm
|-
| 2001&ndash;2005
| [[Opel Speedster|Opel Speedster/Vauxhall VX220]]<ref name="Auto Channel 2.2" /> 
| {{cvt|147|hp|0}} @ 5800&nbsp;rpm
| {{cvt|150|lbft|Nm|0}} @ 4000&nbsp;rpm
| 
|-
| 2000&ndash;2003
| [[Opel Astra|Opel/Vauxhall Astra]]<ref name="Auto Channel 2.2" /> 
| {{cvt|147|hp|0}} @ 5800&nbsp;rpm
| {{cvt|150|lbft|Nm|0}} @ 4000&nbsp;rpm
| 
|-
| 2001&ndash;2002
| [[Opel Vectra|Opel/Vauxhall Vectra]]<ref name="Auto Channel 2.2" /> 
| {{cvt|147|hp|0}} @ 5800&nbsp;rpm
| {{cvt|150|lbft|Nm|0}} @ 4000&nbsp;rpm
| 
|-
| 2000&ndash;2003
| [[Opel Zafira|Opel/Vauxhall Zafira]]<ref name="Auto Channel 2.2" /> 
| {{cvt|147|hp|0}} @ 5800&nbsp;rpm
| {{cvt|150|lbft|Nm|0}} @ 4000&nbsp;rpm
| 
|-
| 2001&ndash;2006
| [[Holden Astra#TS|Holden Astra (TS)]]
| {{cvt|147|hp|0}} @ 5800&nbsp;rpm
| {{cvt|150|lbft|Nm|0}} @ 4000&nbsp;rpm
| 
|}

This engine also powered the Japanese-market [[Subaru Traviq]], a badge-engineered [[Opel Zafira]] A.<ref name="Gazoo">{{cite web | url = http://gazoo.com/meishakan/meisha/shousai.asp?R_ID=8502 | work = Gazoo.com | title = 検索結果: 2001年 スバル トラヴィック Sパッケージ |trans-title=Great Car Pavilion: 2001 Subaru Traviq S-package | language = ja | publisher = [[Toyota Motor Corporation]] | access-date = 2012-05-22 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081011215226/http://gazoo.com/meishakan/meisha/shousai.asp?R_ID=8502 | archive-date = 2008-10-11 }}</ref>

Following the GM–Fiat agreement, the 2.2&nbsp;L engine is also used in:
* [[Fiat Croma]] unmodified
* [[Alfa Romeo 159]] heavy modified with [[Gasoline direct injection]]

====Z22YH====
{{anchor|DI}}

A [[Direct fuel injection|direct injection]] version of the {{cvt|2198|cc|L|1|order=flip}} Ecotec features {{cvt|114|kW|hp|0|order=flip}} of power at 5600&nbsp;rpm and {{cvt|220|Nm|lbft|0|order=flip}} of torque at 3800&nbsp;rpm with a compression ratio of 12.0:1, and has been available in:
* 2003 [[Opel Vectra|Opel/Vauxhall Vectra]]
* 2003 [[Opel Signum|Opel/Vauxhall Signum]]
* 2005 [[Opel Zafira|Opel/Vauxhall Zafira]]
* 2006&ndash;2009 [[Opel Astra|Holden Astra]] (Australia and New Zealand only)

====L42====
The '''Ecotec 2.2''', model '''L42''' is a version of the Ecotec 2.2 designed to run on [[compressed natural gas]] (CNG). It delivers {{cvt|129|hp|kW}} and {{cvt|129|lbft|N.m}}. It is used in the 2003&ndash;2004 [[Chevrolet Cavalier]].