Editing Garwolin (section)

==History==
[[File:Narcyz Witczak-Witaczyński - Obchody święta 3 maja w Garwolinie (107-766-1).jpg|thumb|left|[[3 May Constitution Day]] in Garwolin in 1936]]
The name of the town occurs in the medieval notes in 1386 and 1404. Name Garwolin comes from a Garwoł, which is a name. However, there is a popular legend connecting the town's name with [[Rook (bird)|rooks]] (Polish: ''gawrony'').

Traces of settlement on terrains of present days boundaries of Garwolin are more than 2000 years old. It is believed that Garwolin received its city charter in 1423, but the exact date is unknown; it is almost certain that the document from 1423 was only acknowledgement of before-stated city laws. In time of [[The Deluge (Polish history)|the Deluge]] casualties exceeded 90%.

During the [[Polish–Soviet War]], the town was captured and briefly occupied by the invading Russians, before it was recaptured by the Poles led by Gen. Konarzewski on August 16, 1920.<ref name=ak>{{cite journal|last=Kowalski|first=Andrzej|year=1995|title=Miejsca pamięci związane z Bitwą Warszawską 1920 r.|journal=Niepodległość i Pamięć|language=pl|publisher=[[Museum of Independence|Muzeum Niepodległości w Warszawie]]|issue=2/2 (3)|page=130|issn=1427-1443}}</ref> Polish Marshal [[Józef Piłsudski]] stayed in the town the next day.<ref name=ak/>

During [[World War II]] and the [[Nazi occupation of Poland]], about 70% of the city was destroyed. The town and the [[powiat]] were administered by Kreishauptmann [[Karl Freudenthal]], who was responsible for the murder of more than 1000 inhabitants, the deportation of several thousand local [[Polish people|Poles]] to [[Nazi concentration camps|concentration camps]] and [[slave labor in Nazi Germany]], and the transfer of the local [[Jews]] to various [[Nazi ghettos|ghettos]] in the region. For his war crimes, Freudenthal was sentenced to death by the [[Polish resistance movement in World War II|Polish underground]], and the sentence was carried out by the [[Home Army]] on 5 July 1944, as part of [[Operacja Główki]] ("Operation Heads").

Two Poles from Garwolin were also murdered by the Russians in the large [[Katyn massacre]] in 1940, and six died in Soviet [[Gulag]] camps between 1939 and 1947.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://garwolin.pl/dzien-pamieci-ofiar-zbrodni-katynskiej/|title=Dzień Pamięci Ofiar Zbrodni Katyńskiej|website=Miasto Garwolin|access-date=26 September 2021|language=pl}}</ref>

At the end of July 1944 the [[Red Army]]'s [[2nd Guards Tank Army]], under the command of [[Alexei Radzievsky]], routed the German [[73rd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|73rd Infantry Division]] at Garwolin, capturing its commander, [[Friedrich Franek]].<ref>Robert Forczyk, ''Warsaw 1944: Poland's bid for freedom'' (2009, {{ISBN|1846033527}}), [https://books.google.com/books?id=P8gnhBvVziwC&pg=PA13 p. 13]</ref>

After the war Garwolin was restored to Poland and enlarged. From 1975 to 1998, it was administratively located in the [[Siedlce Voivodeship]]. The [[Baroque Revival architecture|Neo-Baroque]] church, dating from the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, is a notable building.