Editing General Trades Union (section)

==History==
The first large trade union, the General Trades' Union (GTU), was organized in New York City on 14 August 1833 by delegates from nine [[Craft unionism|craft trades]]. It celebrated with a public parade displaying its new emblem, a banner bearing a likeness of Archimedes lifting a mountain with a lever. [[Ely Moore]], a journeyman printer, was elected its first president. He left soon after, and with the backing of the newly formed National Trades’ Union won a seat in Congress as a Democrat. Later he helped generate Congressional support for the 10-hour workday.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ely Moore American Journalist and Politician|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ely-Moore|accessdate=3 January 2017}}</ref>

[[John Commerford]], a cabinet and chair maker, replaced Moore, and asserted that skilled artisans were only seen as commodities by their employers. Commerford did not have the benefit of experience, and thus much of what he accomplished was ad hoc. Commerford stressed education as necessary for empowering workers. True reform would come when workers knew the value of their own worth and the truth about the economic and political system. Commerford later ran for Congress on several third party tickets.<ref>{{cite web|title=Who is John Commerford|url=http://newyorklaborhistory.org/web/?p=445|accessdate=3 January 2017}}</ref>

The Union was affiliated with the [[Locofocos]], who were against the [[Second Bank of the United States]], but refrained from political activity so as to avoid the kind of demise suffered by the [[Working Men's Party]] in 1829–30. They staged over 40 [[strike action|strikes]] and by 1836 had a membership including 66% of New York City's Journeyman [[labour (economics)|labour]]ers.

The GTU spread across many cities along the eastern seaboard, including Baltimore, Boston, Cincinnati, Newark, Philadelphia, and Washington, D.C. By 1835 a network of trade unions developed in New York City and Philadelphia. One year later the number of unions in the network had grown to 13, with 52 local societies in New York, 53 in Philadelphia, 23 in Baltimore, and 16 in Boston.

The labor movement of the 1830s was wiped out by the financial panic of 1837.  An even larger labor movement in the 1860s collapsed in the Depression of 1873.  It was only in the 1880s that a labor movement was established for good.<ref name="Citycyclopedia">'''Kenneth T. Jackson: ''The Encyclopedia of New York City''''': The New York Historical Society; [[Yale University Press]]; 1995. P. 458.</ref>