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==History and etymology == The term was proposed in French ("géomatique") at the end of the 1960s by scientist Bernard Dubuisson to reflect at the time recent changes in the jobs of [[Surveying|surveyor]] and [[Photogrammetry|photogrammetrist]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://acsg-champlain.scg.ulaval.ca/index.php?id=9|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926180918/http://acsg-champlain.scg.ulaval.ca/index.php?id=9|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 26, 2020|title=ACSG - Association canadienne des sciences géomatiques (Section Champlain) /// Des références utiles en géomatique|website=acsg-champlain.scg.ulaval.ca|access-date=2019-11-04}}</ref> The term was first employed in a [[Minister of Public Works (France)|French Ministry of Public Works]] memorandum dated 1 June 1971 instituting a "standing committee of geomatics" in the government.<ref>{{Citation|title=Arrêté du 27 décembre 1994 relatif à la terminologie de la télédétection aérospatiale|url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000735431&categorieLien=id|access-date=2019-11-04}}</ref> The term was popularised in English by French-Canadian surveyor Michel Paradis in his ''The little Geodesist that could'' article, in 1981 and in a keynote address at the centennial congress of the Canadian Institute of Surveying (now known as the [[Canadian Institute of Geomatics]]) in April 1982. He claimed that at the end of the 20th century the needs for geographical information would reach a scope without precedent in history and that, in order to address these needs, it was necessary to integrate in a new discipline both the traditional disciplines of land surveying and the new tools and techniques of data capture, manipulation, storage and diffusion.<ref>{{cite journal|last1= Paradis|first1= Michel|title= De l'arpentage à la géomatique|journal= Le Géomètre Canadien|date= September 1981|volume= 35| issue = 3|page=262 |language=fr}}</ref> Geomatics includes the tools and techniques used in [[land surveying]], [[remote sensing]], [[cartography]], [[geographic information system]]s (GIS), [[Satellite navigation|global navigation satellite systems]] ([[Global Positioning System|GPS]], [[GLONASS]], [[Galileo (satellite navigation)|Galileo]], [[BeiDou]]), [[photogrammetry]], [[geophysics]], [[geography]], and related forms of earth [[map]]ping. The term was originally used in Canada but has since been adopted by the [[International Organization for Standardization]], the [[Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors]], and many other international authorities, although some (especially in the United States) have shown a preference for the term ''geospatial technology'',<ref name="Boehm Mohan 2010 pp. 26–39">{{cite journal | last1=Boehm | first1=Richard G. | last2=Mohan | first2=Audrey | title=Geospatial Technology: Curricular Keystone of Applied Geography | journal=International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research | volume=1 | issue=1 | year=2010 | issn=1947-9654 | pages=26–39| doi=10.4018/jagr.2010071602 }}</ref> which may be defined as synonym of "geospatial [[information and communications technology]]".<ref name="Scholten Velde van Manen 2009 p. 1">{{cite book | last1=Scholten | first1=H.J. | last2=Velde | first2=R. | last3=van Manen | first3=N. | title=Geospatial Technology and the Role of Location in Science | publisher=Springer Netherlands | series=GeoJournal Library | year=2009 | isbn=978-90-481-2620-0 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SAod59fNlPEC&pg=PA1 | access-date=2022-01-28 | page=1}}</ref> Although many definitions of ''geomatics'', such as the above, appear to encompass the entire discipline relating to geographic information – including [[geodesy]], [[geographic information system]]s, [[remote sensing]], [[satellite navigation]], and [[cartography]] –, the term is almost exclusively restricted to the perspective of [[surveying]] and [[engineering]] toward geographic information.{{citation needed|date=January 2022}} ''[[Geoinformatics]]'' and ''[[Geographic information science]] has been proposed as alternative comprehensive term; however, their popularity is, like geomatics, largely dependent on country.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Krawczyk |first=Artur |date=2022-11-09 |title=Proposal of Redefinition of the Terms Geomatics and Geoinformatics on the Basis of Terminological Postulates |journal=ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information |language=en |volume=11 |issue=11 |pages=557 |doi=10.3390/ijgi11110557 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2022IJGI...11..557K |issn=2220-9964}}</ref> The related field of ''hydrogeomatics'' covers the area associated with surveying work carried out on, above or below the surface of the sea or other areas of water. The older term of [[hydrography|hydrographics]] was considered{{by whom|date=April 2015}} too specific to the preparation of marine charts, and failed to include the broader concept of positioning or measurements in all marine environments. The use of different data processing technologies in hydrography does not change the purpose of its research.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1 December 2003 |title=Invited reply: Hydrography or hydrogeomatics? |url=https://www.tib.eu/en/search/id/BLSE:RN141836194/Invited-Reply-Hydrography-or-Hydrogeomatics-?cHash=92039c0082b3714a552e85b53b247548 |journal=Hydro International |volume=7 |pages=34–37 |issn=1385-4569 |via=GITC BV.}}</ref> ''Health geomatics'' can improve our understanding of the important relationship between location and health, and thus assist us in Public Health tasks like disease prevention, and also in better healthcare service planning.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kamel Boulos |first1=M. N |last2=Roudsari |first2=A. V |last3=Carson |first3=E. R |date=2001-06-01 |title=Health Geomatics: An Enabling Suite of Technologies in Health and Healthcare |journal=Journal of Biomedical Informatics |volume=34 |issue=3 |pages=195–219 |doi=10.1006/jbin.2001.1015 |issn=1532-0464|doi-access=free |pmid=11723701 }}</ref> An important area of research is the use of open data in planning lifesaving activities.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Gianquintieri |first1=L. |last2=Caiani |first2=E. G. |last3=Brambilla |first3=P. |last4=Pagliosa |first4=A. |last5=Villa |first5=G. F. |last6=Brovelli |first6=M. A. |date=2019-08-23 |title=Open Data in Health-Geomatics: Mapping and Evaluating Publicly Accessible Defibrillators |url=https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLII-4-W14/63/2019/ |journal=The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences |language=English |volume=XLII-4-W14 |pages=63–70 |doi=10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-4-W14-63-2019 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2019ISPAr4214...63G |issn=1682-1750|hdl=11311/1121207 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> ''Mining geomatics'' is the use of information systems to integrate and process spatial data for monitoring, modelling, visualisation and design of mining operations.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Krawczyk |first=Artur |date=July 2023 |title=Mining Geomatics |journal=ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information |language=en |volume=12 |issue=7 |pages=278 |doi=10.3390/ijgi12070278 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023IJGI...12..278K |issn=2220-9964}}</ref> A growing number of university departments which were once titled "surveying", "survey engineering" or "[[topographic]] science" have re-titled themselves using the terms "geomatics" or "geomatics engineering", while others have switched to program titles such as "spatial information technology", and similar names.<ref>{{cite web |title=Geomatics engineering & geographic information systems (GIS) |url=https://engineering.ucdenver.edu/civil-engineering/research-specialty-areas/geomatics-gis |website=University of Colorado Denver- College of Engineering |publisher=University of Colorado Denver |access-date=October 3, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=White Mountains Community College- Spatial Information Technology Transcript Checklist |url=https://www.pdffiller.com/jsfiller-app10/?requestHash=dcf2e7d301b7267873d1b581fc7df522abc1cdfe0cd7cb5cf9a907e7e4d94126&projectId=822065265&loader=tips#d297570f6feb33f9ccccc5bea774598e |website=PDFFiller |access-date=October 3, 2021}}</ref> The rapid progress and increased visibility of geomatics since the 1990s has been made possible by advances in [[computer]] hardware, [[computer science]], and [[software engineering]], as well as by airborne and space observation [[remote-sensing]] technologies.
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