Editing Gerald Moore (section)

==Life and career==

===Early years===
Moore was born in [[Watford]], [[Hertfordshire]], on 30 July 1899,<ref name="NYT-obit" /> the eldest of four children of David Frank Moore, owner of a men's outfitting company, and his wife Chestina, ''née'' Jones.<ref name=dnb>[[Joseph Cooper (broadcaster)|Cooper, Joseph]]. [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/39911, "Moore, Gerald Frederick (1899–1987)"], [[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]], Oxford University Press, 23 September 2004. Retrieved 17 June 2021 {{ODNBsub}}</ref> He was educated at [[Watford Grammar School for Boys|Watford Grammar School]], and took piano lessons from a local teacher.<ref name=grove>[[William Mann (critic)|Mann, William S]]. [http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/19064 "Moore, Gerald"], [[New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians|Grove Music Online]], Oxford University Press, 20 January 2001. Retrieved 17 June 2021 {{subscription required}}</ref> Though innately musical, with [[perfect pitch]], Moore was a reluctant piano student: he later said that his mother had to drag him to the piano, "an unwilling, snivelling child – I did not absorb music into my being until my middle twenties."<ref name=times>"Mr Gerald Moore", ''The Times'', 17 March 1987, p. 14</ref>

When Moore was 13 the family emigrated to [[Toronto|Toronto, Ontario]], Canada, where he studied with the pianist [[Michael Hambourg]], a former pupil of [[Anton Rubinstein]].<ref>Moore, p. 19; and Dawes, Frank and Carl Morey. [http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/12265pg1 "Hambourg"], Grove Music Online, Oxford University Press, Retrieved 28 May 2013 {{subscription required}}</ref> Moore was distracted from his musical studies by a strong attraction to [[Anglo-Catholicism]]; he thought for some time that he had a vocation to become a priest.<ref>Moore, pp. 19–20</ref> In 1915 Hambourg died, after which his son, the cellist [[Boris Hambourg]], took Moore as his accompanist on a tour of forty engagements in western Canada.<ref name=dnb/>

On his return to Toronto Moore was engaged as organist at [[St. Thomas's Anglican Church (Toronto)|St. Thomas’s Anglican Church]], and later as a [[Theatre organ|cinema organist]], providing a musical accompaniment to silent films. This post was reasonably remunerative, but Moore described a cinema organ as an "instrument of torture … shar[ing] pride of place for sheer horror with the saxophone, the harmonica and the concertina."<ref>Moore, p, 24</ref> His parents concluded that Toronto was not the place for him to build the career as a pianist that they hoped for. They sent him back to England, to lodge with relatives in London, and pursue his studies with Michael Hambourg's pianist son, [[Mark Hambourg|Mark]].<ref>Moore, p. 26</ref>

===Early career as accompanist===
While studying with Mark Hambourg, Moore earned money as an accompanist. The director of the [[Guildhall School of Music and Drama|Guildhall School of Music]], [[Landon Ronald]], heard him play at a recital and advised him to pursue a career as an accompanist.<ref>Moore, p. 29</ref> He toured as accompanist for the singer [[Vladimir Rosing]] along with pianist [[Myra Hess]] in the north of England in late 1922.<ref>"The Max Mossell Concerts." Dundee Evening Telegraph, 27 October 1922, p. 3.</ref>

In 1921 Moore made his first gramophone recording, accompanying the violinist [[Renée Chemet]] for [[His Master's Voice (British record label)|His Master's Voice]].<ref>Moore, p. 52</ref> They made several more recordings together,<ref>[http://www.charm.kcl.ac.uk/discography/search/page%282%29;jsessionid=0D4B84AD606502B0FFDE266355213F5E.balancer5 "Renée Chemet (piano Gerald Moore)"], AHRC Research Centre for the History and Analysis of Recorded Music, Retrieved 28 May 2013</ref> but Moore's preference was for accompanying singers rather than instrumentalists. He recorded frequently with [[Peter Dawson (bass-baritone)|Peter Dawson]] in the early 1920s, and went on a recital tour of Britain with him; it was Dawson who recommended him to the tenor [[John Coates (tenor)|John Coates]], who became an important influence on Moore's career.<ref>Moore, p. 34</ref>

{{Quote box|width=246px|bgcolor=#ECCEF5|align=right|quote=Moore accompanied virtually every eminent solo singer and instrumentalist in recitals and raised the art of accompanying at the piano from servility to the highest prestige.|salign = right|source=[[William Mann (critic)|William Mann]] in<br> ''[[Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians]]''<ref name=grove/>}} Moore credited much of his early success to his five-year partnership with Coates, whom Moore credits with turning him from an indifferent accompanist into one who was sensitive to the music and the soloist, and an equal partner in performance.<ref>Moore, pp. 39–40</ref> Another influence, figuring prominently in Moore's memoirs, was the pianist [[Solomon (pianist)|Solomon]], whose technique Moore admired and studied.<ref>Moore, pp. 44–51</ref>

===Peak years===
By the end of the 1930s Moore was so well known as an accompanist that [[Myra Hess]] invited him to give a talk about his profession at one of her of lunchtime concerts at the [[National Gallery]]. The pianist [[Joseph Cooper (broadcaster)|Joseph Cooper]] wrote of this, and later similar talks, "He revealed a sense of verbal timing of which any professional comic would be proud. His unique blend of wit and wisdom not only pleased the cognoscenti but also won over ordinary people who had no idea that classical music could be fun."<ref name=dnb/> Moore's first book, ''The Unashamed Accompanist'' (1943), had its origins in these talks.<ref name=dnb/>

Moore is credited with doing much to raise the status of accompanist from a subservient role to that of an equal artistic partner. [[Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau]] wrote in his introduction to the German edition of ''The Unashamed Accompanist'', "There is no more of that pale shadow at the keyboard; he is always an equal with his partner".<ref>"die so schattenhafte Rolle des Klavierbe gleiters zum Range eines geichwertigen Partners erhoben", Fischer-Dieskau, Dietrich (1961). Introduction, in Gerald Moore, ''Freimütige Bekenntnisse eines Begleiter'', tr. Else and Walter Winter, Munich: Heim ran, OCLC 164765513</ref> Moore valiantly protected this status of his art, complaining when accompanists he admired were not given billing in concert. He quoted with disapproval the remark made by a singer to [[Coenraad V. Bos|Coenraad V Bos]], an accompanist of an earlier generation, "You must have played well today, for I did not notice you."<ref>Moore, p. 46</ref>{{refn|Bos was not as self-effacing as the comment might suggest. Despite a modest demeanour, it was he rather than the soloist who tended to be in control in performance: "The expert accompanist must have a knowledge of the whole similar to that which is possessed by a conductor, with these two essential differences: he must direct, without seeming to direct, and, in addition, he must play a dual role, one of pianism, and the equally important one of self-effacement."<ref>Bos, p. 21</ref> Moore called him "the doyen of accompanists".<ref>Moore, p. 188</ref>|group= n}}

It is debatable, however, whether he succeeded in convincing the British Establishment of his time, of the uplifted status of his art. Whereas prominent conductors and singers, for example, in the British musical theatre tended to be awarded knighthoods, in 1954 Moore was appointed a [[Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] (CBE), a lower ranked award.

===Later years===
Moore retired from public performances in 1967, with a farewell concert in which he accompanied three of the singers with whom he was long associated: Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau, [[Victoria de los Ángeles]] and [[Elisabeth Schwarzkopf]].  This famed concert at London's [[Royal Festival Hall]] - recorded by EMI and reissued in 1987 as CDC 749238 - concluded with Moore playing alone — an arrangement for solo piano of [[Franz Schubert|Schubert]]'s  ''[[An die Musik]]''.  He made his last studio recording in 1975.

In his memoirs Moore wrote that his services were not needed at [[Benjamin Britten]]'s [[Aldeburgh Festival]], "as the presiding genius there is the greatest accompanist in the world." In 1967, the chief music critic of ''[[The Times]]'', William Mann held that the preeminence was Moore's: "the greatest accompanist of his day, and perhaps of all time."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mann |first1=William |author1-link=William Mann (critic) |title=Farewell to world's greatest accompanist |url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/CS135490645/TTDA?u=wikipedia&sid=bookmark-TTDA&xid=d487f8fe |access-date=17 June 2021 |work=[[The Times]] |agency=Gale |issue=56871 |date=21 February 1967 |location=London |page=8}}</ref> In 2006 ''[[Gramophone (magazine)|Gramophone]]'' magazine invited eminent present-day accompanists to name their "professional's professional"; the joint winners were Britten and Moore.<ref>''[[Gramophone (magazine)|Gramophone]]'', Volume 83, 2006, pp. 38–39</ref>

He died at home in the village of [[Penn, Buckinghamshire]] in 1987.<ref name="NYT-obit">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/03/17/obituaries/gerald-moore-is-dead-at-87-top-accompanist-for-singers.html |title=Gerald Moore Is Dead at 87; Top Accompanist for Singers |first=Tim |last=Page |author-link=Tim Page (music critic) |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=17 March 1987 |access-date=17 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-03-20-mn-7826-story.html |title=Pre-Eminent Accompanist Gerald Moore Dies |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=20 March 1987 |access-date=17 June 2021}}</ref>