Editing Gillette (section)

== History ==
=== Inception and early years ===
{{multiple image
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| image1 = King Camp Gillette.jpg
| image2 = William E Nickerson.jpg
| image3 = John Joyce.jpg
| footer = The key figures of the Gillette Safety Razor Company's first years, from left to right: [[King C. Gillette|King Camp Gillette]], William Emery Nickerson, and John Joyce
}}
[[File:Vintage Advert for the Milady Decollete Gillette Razor - 1916 (5248628800).jpg|thumb|right|1915–16 advert for the ''Milady Décolleté Gillette'', first safety razor marketed exclusively for women]]
The Gillette company and brand originate from the late 19th century when salesman and inventor [[King C. Gillette|King Camp Gillette]] came up with the idea of a [[safety razor]] that used disposable blades. Safety razors at the time were essentially short pieces of a [[straight razor]] clamped to a holder. The blade had to be [[Razor strop|stropped]] before each shave and after a time needed to be [[Sharpening|honed]] by a cutler.{{sfn|McKibben|1998|p=5}} Gillette's invention was inspired by his mentor at [[Crown Holdings|Crown Cork & Seal Company]], [[William Painter (inventor)|William Painter]], who had invented the [[Crown cork]]. Painter encouraged Gillette to come up with something that, like the Crown cork, could be thrown away once used.{{sfn|McKibben|1998|pp=7–8}}{{sfn|Gillette|1918}}

While Gillette came up with the idea in 1895, developing the concept into a working model and drawings that could be submitted to the [[United States Patent and Trademark Office|Patent Office]] took six years. Gillette had trouble finding anyone capable of developing a method to manufacture blades from thin [[Sheet metal|sheet steel]], but finally found [[William Emery Nickerson]], an [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]] graduate with a degree in chemistry. Gillette and other members of the project founded The American Safety Razor Company on September 28, 1901. The company had issues getting funding until Gillette's old friend John Joyce invested the necessary amount for the company to begin manufacturing.<ref name="smithsonian-blade"/>{{sfn|McKibben|1998|pp=7–8}}{{sfn|Gillette|1918}} Production began slowly in 1903, but the following year Nickerson succeeded in building a new blade grinding machine to relieve bottlenecked production. During its first year of operation, the company had sold 51 razors and 168 blades, but the second year saw sales rise to 90,884 razors and 123,648 blades. The company was renamed to the Gillette Safety Razor Company in 1904 and it quickly began to expand outside the United States. In 1905 the company opened a sales office in London and a blade manufacturing plant in Paris, and by 1906 Gillette had a blade plant in Canada, a sales operation in Mexico, and a European distribution network that sold  in many nations, including Russia.{{sfn|McKibben|1998|pp=7–8}}<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HZLtCQAAQBAJ&q=American+Safety+Razor+Company|title=The Advertising Age Encyclopedia of Advertising|first1=John|last1=McDonough|first2=Karen|last2=Egolf|date=June 18, 2015|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781135949068|via=Google Books }}</ref>

=== First World War and the 1920s ===

Due to its premium pricing strategy, the Gillette Safety Razor Company's razor and blade unit sales grew at a modest pace from 1908 to 1916. Disposable razor blades still were not a true mass-market product, and [[wikt:Special:Search/barbershop|barbershops]] and self-shaving with a straight razor were still popular methods of grooming. Among the general U.S. population, a two-day stubble was not uncommon. This changed once the United States declared war on the [[Central Powers]] in 1917; military regulations required every soldier to provide their own shaving kit, and Gillette's compact kit with disposable blades outsold competitors whose razors required stropping. Gillette marketed their razor by designing a military-only case decorated with U.S. Army and Navy insignia and in 1917 the company sold 1.1 million razors.{{sfn|McKibben|1998|pp=18–20}}
[[File:Vintage Gillette Khaki U.S. Army Safety Razor Set, Model 102 Razor, Serial No. G504335, Made In USA For Use By Soldiers In World War I, Marked Property U.S. Army, Circa 1918.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|The Khaki Set, the safety razor set produced by Gillette for the U.S. Army during the First World War<ref name="WWI-service-sets">{{Cite web|url=https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search/object/nmah_1153449|title=Gillette U.S. Service Razor Set|website=National Museum of American History|access-date=2019-10-27|archive-date=2020-11-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111170935/https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search/object/nmah_1153449|url-status=live}}</ref>]]

In 1918, the U.S. military began issuing Gillette shaving kits to every U.S. serviceman. Gillette's sales rose to 3.5 million razors and 32 million blades. As a consequence, millions of servicemen got accustomed to daily shaving using Gillette's razor. After the war, Gillette utilized this in their domestic marketing and used advertising to reinforce the habit acquired during the war.{{sfn|McKibben|1998|pp=18–20}}

Gillette's original razor patent was due to expire in November 1921 and to stay ahead of an upcoming competition, the company introduced the New Improved Gillette Safety Razor in spring 1921 and switched to the [[Razor and blades model|razor and blades pricing structure]] the company is known for today. While the New Improved razor was sold for $5 ({{Inflation|US|5|1921|fmt=eq}}) – the selling price of the previous razor – the original razor was renamed to the Old Type and sold in inexpensive packaging as "Brownies" for $1 ({{Inflation|US|1|1921|fmt=eq}}). While some Old Type models were still sold in various kinds of packaging for an average price of $3.50, the Brownie razors made a Gillette much more affordable for the average person and expanded the company's blade market significantly. From 1917 to 1925, Gillette's unit sales increased tenfold. The company also expanded its overseas operations right after the war by opening a manufacturing plant in [[Slough]], near London, to build New Improved razors, and setting up dozens of offices and subsidiaries in Europe and other parts of the world.{{sfn|McKibben|1998|pp=20–21}}

Gillette experienced a setback at the end of the 1920s as its competitor AutoStrop sued for patent infringement. The case was settled out of court with Gillette agreeing to buy out AutoStrop for 310,000 [[Non-voting stock|non-voting shares]]. However, before the deal went through, it was revealed in an audit that Gillette had been overstating its sales and profits by $12 million over a five-year period and giving bonuses to its executives based on these numbers. AutoStrop still agreed to the buyout but instead demanded a large amount of [[preferred stock]] with voting rights. The merger was announced on October 16, 1930, and gave AutoStrop's owner [[Henry Jacques Gaisman|Henry Gaisman]] controlling interest in Gillette.{{sfn|McKibben|1998|pp=29–30}}

=== 1930s and the Second World War ===
[[File:1930's Gillette Razor and Packaging rightcrop.png|thumb|upright=1.1|A 1930s Gillette One-Piece Tech razor and a pack of Blue Blades]]
[[Great Depression|The Great Depression]] weakened Gillette's position in the market significantly. The company had fallen behind its competitors in blade manufacturing technology in the 1920s and had let [[quality control]] slip while over-stretching its production equipment in order to hurry a new Kroman razor and stainless steel blade{{sfn|Adams|1978|p=141}} to market in 1930. In 1932, Gillette apologized for the reduction in blade quality, withdrew the Kroman blade, and introduced the Blue Blade (initially called the Blue Super Blade) as its replacement.{{sfn|McKibben|1998|pp=29–33}} Other Gillette introductions during the Depression years were the Brushless Shaving Cream and an electric shaver that was soon discontinued due to modest sales.{{sfn|McKibben|1998|p=34}}

In 1938 Gillette introduced the Thin Blade, which was cheaper and about half the weight of the Blue Blade, even though it cost almost as much to manufacture. The Thin Blade became more popular than the Blue Blade for several years during the Second World War due to high demand of low-cost products and the shortage of carbon steel.{{sfn|McKibben|1998|p=35}} Beginning in 1939, Gillette began investing significant amounts on advertising in sports events after its advertising in the [[World Series]] increased sales more than double the company had expected.{{sfn|McKibben|1998|pp=36–39}} It eventually sponsored a radio program, the ''[[Gillette Cavalcade of Sports]]'', which would move to television as well as that medium expanded in the late 1940s.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cross |first1=Mary |title=A Century of American Icons: 100 Products and Slogans from the 20th-Century Consumer Culture |date=2002 |publisher=Greenwood Press |isbn=978-0313314810  |access-date=4 September 2020 |url=https://archive.org/details/centuryofamerica00cros/page/101/ |pages=101–02}}</ref> While the ''Cavalcade'' aired many of the notable sporting events of the time (the [[Kentucky Derby]], college football bowl games, and baseball, amongst others) it became most famous for its [[professional boxing]] broadcasts.

Though competition hit Gillette hard in the domestic market during the Great Depression, overseas operations helped keep the company afloat. In 1935 more than half of Gillette's earnings came from foreign operations and in 1938 – the worst of the Depression years for Gillette, with a mere 18 percent market share – nearly all of the company's $2.9 million earnings came from outside the United States. AutoStrop's Brazilian factory allowed Gillette to start expanding into the Latin America. In England the Gillette and AutoStrop operations were combined under the Gillette name, where the company built a new blade manufacturing plant in London. In 1937, Gillette's Berlin factory produced 40 percent of Germany's 900 million blades and retained a 65 to 75 percent share of the German blade market.{{sfn|McKibben|1998|pp=34–35}}

The Second World War reduced Gillette's blade production both domestically and internationally. As a result of the war, many markets were closed off, German and Japanese forces [[Nationalization#Expropriation|expropriated]] the company's plants and property, and Gillette's plants in Boston and London were partially converted for weapons production. In 1942, the [[War Production Board]] ordered Gillette to dedicate its entire razor production and most blade production to the U.S. military. By the end of the war, servicemen had been issued 12.5 million razors and 1.5 billion blades. Gillette also assisted the U.S. Army in military intelligence by producing copies of German razor blades for secret agents venturing behind German lines so that their identities wouldn't be compromised by their shaving equipment. The company also manufactured razors that concealed money and escape maps in their handles, and magnetic double-edge blades that [[Prisoner of war|prisoners of war]] could use as a compass.{{sfn|McKibben|1998|pp=39–40}}

=== Recovery from the war and diversification ===

During the post-war years, Gillette began to quickly ramp up production by modernizing its major manufacturing plants in the United States and England, expanding the capacity of several foreign plants, and re-opening plants closed during the war. The company opened a new plant in Switzerland and began manufacturing blades in Mexico City. Sales rose to $50 million in 1946 and in 1947 Gillette sold a billion blades. By 1950, Gillette's share of the U.S. blade market had climbed to 50 percent.{{sfn|McKibben|1998|pp=40–45}} During the 1950s, the company updated and in some cases moved some of its older European factories: the Paris factory, for example, was moved to [[Annecy]].{{sfn|McKibben|1998|p=61}}
[[File:Vintage Gillette Red Tip Super Speed DE Safety Razor, Twist-To-Open, Made In USA, Date Code D-1 (1958) (30521266125).jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|A 1958 Gillette Super Speed razor and a blade dispenser]]
In 1947 Gillette introduced the Gillette Super Speed razor and along with it the Speed-pak blade dispenser the company had developed during the war. The dispenser allowed the blade to be slid out of the dispenser into the razor without danger of touching the sharp edge. It also had a compartment for holding used blades.{{sfn|McKibben|1998|pp=44–45}}{{sfn|Waits|2014|p=466}}

In 1948 Gillette bought the home [[Perm (hairstyle)|permanent]] kit manufacturer The Toni Company{{sfn|McKibben|1998|loc=The legend of the "Which twin has the Toni?" advert between pages 52 and 53}} and later expanded into other feminine products such as shampoos and hair sprays. In 1955 the company bought the ballpoint pen manufacturer [[Paper Mate]]{{sfn|McKibben|1998|pp=44–45}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fsb/fsb_archive/2003/04/01/341006/index.htm|title=A Permanent Contribution When Gillette bought a hot startup in an effort to diversify, it got something even better: the entrepreneur behind the product|date=April 1, 2003|website=money.cnn.com|access-date=August 3, 2020|archive-date=July 2, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090702105152/http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fsb/fsb_archive/2003/04/01/341006/index.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> and in 1960 they introduced Right Guard aerosol deodorant. Gillette bought the disposable hospital supplies manufacturer Sterilon Corporation in 1962.{{sfn|McKibben|1998|pp=54–55}}

Television advertising played a big part in Gillette's post-war growth in the United States. The company began TV advertising in 1944 and in 1950 it spent $6 million to acquire exclusive sponsorship rights to the World Series for six years. By the mid-1950s, 85 percent of Gillette's advertising budget was used for television advertising. The company also advertised the Toni product line by sponsoring the TV show [[Arthur Godfrey and His Friends]] and the 1958 [[Miss America]] contest and its winner.{{sfn|McKibben|1998|pp=49–52}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://adage.com/article/adage-encyclopedia/gillette/98674/|title=Gillette Co. &#124; AdAge Encyclopedia of Advertising – Advertising Age|date=May 20, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150520022102/http://adage.com/article/adage-encyclopedia/gillette/98674/|archive-date=2015-05-20}}</ref>
[[File:Gillette Ad How Are Ya Fixed For Blades.webm|left|thumb|upright=1.1|1950s TV commercial for Gillette's Blue Blades]]
Although Gillette's immediate priority after the war was satisfying U.S. demand and later diversifying its domestic business, the company pursued expansion in foreign markets that showed potential for growth, such as Latin America and Asia. However, the [[Cold War]] restricted Gillette's operations in many parts of the world and closed entire markets the company would have otherwise entered in Russia, China, Eastern Europe, Near East, Cuba, and parts of Asia. More and more countries demanded local ownership for foreign enterprise in exchange for continued operation or entry into their markets. Outside the U.S. and European markets, Gillette spent time and money building manufacturing facilities and distribution networks in anticipation that the markets would eventually be opened up and nationalistic restrictions lifted. Some of Gillette's joint ventures included a 40 percent Gillette 60 percent Malaysian mini-plant operation that began production in 1970, and an Iranian manufacturing plant with 51 percent government ownership. The Iran plant was one of Gillette's largest and most modern factories until the [[Iranian Revolution]] of 1979 when [[Ruhollah Khomeini|Ayatollah Khomeini]] rose into power and American businesses were targeted as enemies of the new government, forcing Gillette to abandon the operation and withdraw from the country.{{sfn|McKibben|1998|pp=61–66}}

=== Super Blue and the Wilkinson shock ===

In 1960, Gillette introduced the Super Blue blade, the company's first coated blade, and the first significantly improved razor blade since the Blue Blade of the 1930s. The new blade was coated with silicone and in Gillette's laboratory testing produced much more comfortable and close shaves by reducing the blade's adhesion to whiskers. Super Blue was a success and sold more than the Blue Blade and Thin Blade combined. By the end of 1961, Gillette's double edge blade market share had risen to 90 percent and the company held a total razor blade market share of 70 percent.{{sfn|McKibben|1998|pp=53–54}}

In 1962, roughly two years after the introduction of the Super Blue blade, [[Wilkinson Sword]] introduced a coated razor blade made from [[stainless steel]]. According to users, the blade stayed sharp about three times longer than the best carbon steel blades – including Gillette's. Wilkinson's introduction took Gillette by surprise and the company struggled to respond as its smaller rivals, [[Schick (razors)|Schick]] and the [[American Safety Razor Company]], came out with their own stainless steel blade. However, during the development of the silicon coating for the Super Blue blade, Gillette had also discovered the method of producing coated stainless steel blades that Wilkinson Sword was using and managed to patent it before Wilkinson did. The English company ended up having to pay royalties to Gillette for the stainless steel blades it brought to market.{{sfn|McKibben|1998|pp=56–58}}

Gillette hesitated in bringing its own stainless steel blades to market as Super Blue had been a huge success and replacing it with a longer-lasting blade would have reduced profits. The company had originally planned to enjoy high profits from the Super Blue while developing a better stainless steel alloy. Gillette eventually brought the Gillette Stainless blade to market in August 1963, about a year after Wilkinson's stainless blades. As a result of the affair, Gillette's share of the double-edge blade market dropped from 90 percent to about 70 percent.{{sfn|McKibben|1998|pp=56–58}}

Two years after the introduction of the Gillette Stainless blades, the company brought out the Super Stainless blades – known in Europe as Super Silver – that were made from an improved steel alloy. {{anchor|Techmatic}}Gillette also introduced the Techmatic, a new type of razor that used a continuous spool of stainless blade housed in a plastic cartridge.{{sfn|McKibben|1998|p=58}}{{sfn|Waits|2014|p=468}}

The success of the coated Super Blue blades marked the start of a period when chemistry became as important as metallurgy in Gillette's blade manufacturing. The Super Blue's coating was a result of teamwork between the Gillette's British and American scientists.{{sfn|McKibben|1998|p=53}} As a result of the Wilkinson ordeal, Gillette's then-chairman Carl Gilbert increased the company's spending on research and development facilities in the U.S., championed the building of a research facility in [[Rockville, Maryland]], and encouraged further expansion of R&D activities in England.{{sfn|McKibben|1998|p=59}}

=== Trac II: The move to cartridge razors ===
{{multiple image
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| image1 = Gillette Atra patent illustration.png
| image2 = Vintage Gillette Deluxe Trac II Razor, Circa 1972 (14571948670).jpg
| footer = Patent drawing of the abandoned Atra razor and a picture of a Deluxe model Trac II razor
}}
The development of Gillette's first twin-blade razor began in early 1964 in the company's Reading laboratories in England when a new employee, Norman C. Welsh, experimented with tandem blades and discovered what he called the "hysteresis effect"; a blade pulling the whisker out of the hair follicle before cutting it, and enabling a second blade to cut the whisker even shorter before it retracted back into the follicle. For six years afterwards, Welsh and his colleagues worked on a means of utilizing the hysteresis effect, almost exclusively concentrating on what would later be known as the Atra twin-blade system. The Atra razor featured two blades set in a plastic cartridge with edges that faced each other. Using the razor required the user to move it in an up-and-down scrubbing motion, and whiskers were cut on both the up and down strokes. Another twin-blade system with blades set in tandem, codenamed "Rex", also existed, but it had too many technical problems and was behind Atra in development.{{sfn|McKibben|1998|pp=67–68}}

In consumer tests, the Atra razor had outperformed existing razor systems, but Gillette's marketing executives feared the razor would meet resistance among shavers due to the unfamiliar scrubbing motion required to use it. Even though the Atra project was so far along in mid-1970 that packaging and production machinery was nearly ready for a full market introduction, Gillette decided to start a development drive to finish Rex instead as it did not require learning a new way to shave. The project succeeded, Atra was abandoned, and Gillette announced the first twin-blade razor – now renamed to Trac II – in the fall of 1971. The Trac II captured the premium shaving market and came out in time to counter Wilkinson Sword's Bonded Blade system that utilized single-blade cartridges.{{sfn|McKibben|1998|pp=67–69}}

=== The challenge of disposables ===

In 1974, the French [[Société Bic]] introduced the world's first [[Razor#Disposable safety razors|disposable razor]]. The razor was first brought to the market in Greece, where it sold well, after which it was introduced to Italy and many other European countries. Gillette hurried to develop their own disposable before Bic could bring their razor to the United States. Gillette designed a single-blade razor similar to Bic's but soon abandoned the concept in favor of a razor that was essentially a Trac II cartridge molded into a blue plastic handle. Gillette introduced this disposable as the Good News in 1976, about a year before Bic's razor reached the United States, and managed to establish market leadership once Bic and other competitors came to market. Good News was released under various names in Europe and was equally and sometimes even more successful than Bic's razor. Gillette quickly brought its razor to markets Bic hadn't yet reached, such as Latin America where the razor was known as Prestobarba.{{sfn|McKibben|1998|pp=97–98}}

In Latin America, Gillette used a so-called [[Cannibalization (marketing)|cannibalization strategy]] by selling the razor in several [[Market segmentation|market segments]]: along with the heavily advertised Prestobarba, the razor was also sold under different names – such as Permasharp II in Mexico and Probak II in Brazil – and sold for at least 10 to 15 percent less. The less expensive variants were differentiated from the blue Prestobarba by manufacturing them from yellow plastic with handle less ergonomically comfortable, and in addition, they were not advertised or eventually had [[counterpropaganda|negative marketing]]<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dkTE_S0mr3c Vitor Belfort e Lutadores UFC: Vai Amarelar] - Advertising where the Probak II product from Gillette's low-cost disposable razors line is treated with [[counterpropaganda|negative marketing]] in order to promote the Prestobarba brand, a product sold at a higher price by Gillette.</ref> aimed at promoting the sale of the most profitable products in Gillette's razors line. The strategy was successful and later market arrivals were unable to gain a major foothold. Once the approach proved to be a successful one, Gillette's subsidiaries in Russia, Poland, and multiple Asian and Near Eastern markets began utilizing the same strategy.{{sfn|McKibben|1998|pp=336–37}}

While Gillette managed to retain market leadership against Bic and other competitors, the popularity of disposable razors, their higher production cost compared to cartridges, and price competition eroded the company's profits. Gillette had at first hoped that disposables would take no more than 10 percent of the total razor and blades market, but by 1980, disposables accounted for more than 27 percent of the world shaving market in terms of unit sales, and 22 percent of total revenue.{{sfn|McKibben|1998|pp=98–99}}<ref>[https://www.casrilanka.com/casl/images/stories/EDBA/03%20gillette%20and%20the%20mengcos%20wet%20shaving%20market%20%20business%20case%20%20team%2003%202018.pdf Gillette and the men's wet-shaving market] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809060100/https://www.casrilanka.com/casl/images/stories/EDBA/03%20gillette%20and%20the%20mengcos%20wet%20shaving%20market%20%20business%20case%20%20team%2003%202018.pdf |date=2020-08-09 }}, p. 2</ref> John W. Symons began steering Gillette into a different direction after becoming the director of Gillette's European Sales Group in 1979. Despite Gillette's strong sales and a large share of the European razor and blades market – 70 percent, which was higher than in the United States – cash flow was declining. In Symons's view, the issue was Gillette's attempt to compete with Bic in the disposables market, which was eating into the sales of its more profitable cartridge razors. Symons reduced the marketing budget of disposables in Europe and hired the advertising agency [[BBDO]]'s London branch to create an ad campaign to make Gillette's blade and razor systems – such as Contour – more desirable in the eyes of men. The new marketing strategy, combined with cutting costs and centralizing production increased profits. In 1985, Gillette's profits in the European market were $96 million, while two years previously they were $77 million.{{sfn|McKibben|1998|pp=114–17}}

[[File:Gillette old.png|thumb|The logo of Gillette used from 1989 to 2008]]
In 1980, Gillette introduced Atra – known in Europe as Contour – a twin-blade razor with a pivoting head. The razor became a best-seller in the United States during its first year and eventually became a market leader in Europe.{{sfn|McKibben|1998|p=96}}

=== Acquisitions and takeover attempts ===

In 1984, Gillette agreed to acquire Oral-B Laboratories from dental care company Cooper Laboratories for $188.5 million in cash.<ref>{{cite news |title=Gillette Will Buy Cooper's Oral-B |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/04/05/business/gillette-will-buy-cooper-s-oral-b.html |access-date=February 9, 2021 |work=The New York Times |date=April 5, 1984 |archive-date=February 15, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180215023524/http://www.nytimes.com/1984/04/05/business/gillette-will-buy-cooper-s-oral-b.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Revlon|Revlon Group]]'s [[Ronald Perelman]] offered to purchase 86.1 percent of Gillette for $3.8 billion in 1986, valuing the company at $4.1 billion.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cole |first1=Robert J. |title=Gillette Soars $10 as Wall Street Expects Fight with Revlon |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/11/15/business/gillette-soars-10-as-wall-street-expects-fight-with-revlon.html |access-date=February 9, 2021 |work=The New York Times |date=November 15, 1986 |archive-date=February 3, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180203100708/http://www.nytimes.com/1986/11/15/business/gillette-soars-10-as-wall-street-expects-fight-with-revlon.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Gillette also bought back Revlon's stake in the company for $558 million.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Belkin |first1=Lisa |title=Gillette Deals Ends Revlon Bid |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/11/25/business/gillette-deal-ends-revlon-bid.html |access-date=February 9, 2021 |work=The New York Times |date=November 25, 1986 |archive-date=June 16, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190616154927/https://www.nytimes.com/1986/11/25/business/gillette-deal-ends-revlon-bid.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Revlon made two additional unsolicited requests to purchase Gillette for $4.66 billion and $5.4 billion in June and August 1987, respectively, both of which were rejected by Gillette's board of directors.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ziegler |first1=Baart |title=Gillette Rejects Revlon Bid |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/1987/06/19/gillette-rejects-revlon-bid/4b12edb7-aa24-4bb4-98d8-6f1b3abf4282/ |access-date=February 9, 2021 |work=The New York Times |date=June 19, 1987 |archive-date=September 2, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902005136/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/1987/06/19/gillette-rejects-revlon-bid/4b12edb7-aa24-4bb4-98d8-6f1b3abf4282/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Jahn |first1=George |title=Gillette Rejects Third Takeover Bid By Revlon |url=https://apnews.com/article/335a5be71a7949e885901d8989fa411e |access-date=February 9, 2021 |work=Associated Press |date=August 24, 1987}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Cowan |first1=Alison Leigh |title=Revlon Asks to Bid For Gillette |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/08/18/business/revlon-asks-to-bid-for-gillette.html |access-date=February 9, 2021 |work=The New York Times |date=August 18, 1987 |archive-date=November 5, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171105015858/http://www.nytimes.com/1987/08/18/business/revlon-asks-to-bid-for-gillette.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 1988, Coniston Partners acquired approximately 6 percent of Gillette.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cole |first1=Robert J. |title=Battle Begins For Control Of Gillette |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/02/12/business/battle-begins-for-control-of-gillette.html |access-date=February 9, 2021 |work=The New York Times |date=February 12, 1988 |archive-date=January 30, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130084630/http://www.nytimes.com/1988/02/12/business/battle-begins-for-control-of-gillette.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Hoping to acquire four directors' seats and pressure Gillette to sell, Coniston forced a proxy vote in April. The companies filed suits against one another, resulting in a settlement in August. Gillette repurchased approximately 16 million shares for $720 million and Coniston agreed not to purchase many Gillette shares, participate in proxy contests, or otherwise seek control of the company for three years.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kennedy |first1=Dana |title=Gillette and Coniston Reach Settlement Over Proxy Fight |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/1988/08/02/gillette-and-coniston-reach-settlement-over-proxy-fight/18a77f86-e0f2-451b-9a3b-67e5539350a4/ |access-date=February 9, 2021 |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=August 2, 1988 |archive-date=September 2, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902005129/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/1988/08/02/gillette-and-coniston-reach-settlement-over-proxy-fight/18a77f86-e0f2-451b-9a3b-67e5539350a4/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Cowan |first1=Alison Leigh |title=Gillette and Coniston Drop Suits |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/08/02/business/gillette-and-coniston-drop-suits.html |access-date=February 9, 2021 |work=The New York Times |date=August 2, 1988 |archive-date=May 25, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150525081026/http://www.nytimes.com/1988/08/02/business/gillette-and-coniston-drop-suits.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 1989, [[Warren Buffett]]'s [[Berkshire Hathaway]] purchased $600 million worth of Gillette convertible preferred shares. Buffett filled a vacant seat on the company's board and agreed not to sell his stake "except in a change of control or if insurance regulators force a sale of the stock in the event Gillette's financial condition falters", reducing the chances of a takeover.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cowan |first1=Alison Leigh |title=Gillette Sells 11% Stake To Buffett |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/07/21/business/gillette-sells-11-stake-to-buffett.html |access-date=February 9, 2021 |work=The New York Times |date=July 21, 1989 |archive-date=December 19, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171219212823/http://www.nytimes.com/1989/07/21/business/gillette-sells-11-stake-to-buffett.html |url-status=live }}</ref> During late 1989 and early 1990, Gillette launched the new product Sensor with a $175 million marketing campaign in 19 countries in North America and Western Europe.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ramirez |first1=Anthony |title=Gillette Challenge to the Disposables |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/10/04/business/gillette-challenge-to-the-disposables.html |access-date=February 9, 2021 |work=The New York Times |date=October 4, 1989 |archive-date=August 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807154809/https://www.nytimes.com/1989/10/04/business/gillette-challenge-to-the-disposables.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Ramirez |first1=Anthony |title=A Radical New Style for Stodgy Old Gillette |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/02/25/business/a-radical-new-style-for-stodgy-old-gillette.html |access-date=February 9, 2021 |work=The New York Times |date=February 25, 1990 |archive-date=September 4, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904035425/http://www.nytimes.com/1990/02/25/business/a-radical-new-style-for-stodgy-old-gillette.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Early to mid-1990s===
In 1990, Gillette attempted to purchase [[Wilkinson Sword]]'s U.S. and non-European operations. The [[United States Department of Justice|Department of Justice]] prevented the sale of Wilkinson's U.S. assets to prevent a significant reduction in competition by eliminating one of the top four blade suppliers when Gillette already controlled approximately half of the nation's razor market.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rowley |first1=James |title=Justice Plans Antitrust Lawsuit to Halt Gillette-Wilkinson Deal |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/1990/01/10/justice-plans-antitrust-lawsuit-to-halt-gillette-wilkinson-deal/2bd28be9-dacb-45de-90b8-e7764507050d/ |access-date=February 11, 2021 |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=January 10, 1990 |archive-date=August 27, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827232817/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/1990/01/10/justice-plans-antitrust-lawsuit-to-halt-gillette-wilkinson-deal/2bd28be9-dacb-45de-90b8-e7764507050d/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Labaton |first1=Stephen |title=Gillette In Accord on Antitrust Suit |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/03/27/business/gillette-in-accord-on-antitrust-suit.html |access-date=February 11, 2021 |work=The New York Times |date=March 27, 1990 |archive-date=May 25, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150525203457/http://www.nytimes.com/1990/03/27/business/gillette-in-accord-on-antitrust-suit.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Gillette launched the Series line of men's grooming products, including scented shaving gels, deodorants, and skin-care items, in 1992.<ref>{{cite news |title=Company News; Gillette Displays New Line Of Male Skin-Care Products |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/09/23/business/company-news-gillette-displays-new-line-of-male-skin-care-products.html |access-date=February 11, 2021 |work=The New York Times |agency=Associated Press |date=September 23, 1992 |archive-date=May 26, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150526055826/http://www.nytimes.com/1992/09/23/business/company-news-gillette-displays-new-line-of-male-skin-care-products.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Gillette Bets Cool Cash on Upscale Toiletry Launch |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1992-09-21-9203260281-story.html |access-date=February 11, 2021 |work=Chicago Tribune |date=September 21, 1992 |via=Bloomberg Business News |archive-date=September 2, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902005146/https://www.chicagotribune.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The company's SensorExcel launched in Europe and Canada in 1993,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Vainblat |first1=Galina |title=Gillette aims new razor at carving market share Analysts question need for product |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-1993-07-06-1993187133-story.html |access-date=February 11, 2021 |work=[[The Baltimore Sun]] |date=July 6, 1993 |archive-date=June 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210622112634/https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-1993-07-06-1993187133-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> followed by the United Kingdom and United States in 1994.<ref>{{cite news |title=New Shaving System: Gillette Co. has launched... |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-10-14-fi-50228-story.html |access-date=February 11, 2021 |work=Los Angeles Times |date=October 14, 1994 |archive-date=September 2, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902005125/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-10-14-fi-50228-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1996, Gillette launched several new products for women and teenage boys, including the SensorExcel for Women, a moisturizer, a shaving gel, and a body spray.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Shoebridge |first1=Neil |title=Gillette takes a gamble on women and teenage boys |url=https://www.afr.com/companies/gillette-takes-a-gamble-on-women-and-teenage-boys-19961007-kaztx |access-date=February 11, 2021 |work=[[Australian Financial Review]] |date=October 7, 1996 |archive-date=September 2, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902005142/https://www.afr.com/companies/gillette-takes-a-gamble-on-women-and-teenage-boys-19961007-kaztx |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Beginning of the Razor Wars===
The company launched the new shaving system [[Gillette Mach3]] in 1998, challenging the twin-blade system which dominated the market by introducing a third blade. Gillette promoted the product, which took five years to develop and was protected by 35 patents, with a $300 million marketing campaign.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Canedy |first1=Dana |title=Gillette Unveils Its Mach3 Razor as Stock Backs Off |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/15/business/gillette-unveils-its-mach-3-razor-as-stock-backs-off.html |access-date=February 11, 2021 |work=The New York Times |date=April 15, 1998 |archive-date=May 27, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150527081820/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/15/business/gillette-unveils-its-mach-3-razor-as-stock-backs-off.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Gillette spends $750 million to make Mach3 Huge covert operation for new production line of three-blade razor |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-1998-08-17-1998229063-story.html |access-date=February 24, 2021 |work=[[The Baltimore Sun]] |date=August 17, 1998 |archive-date=June 21, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621013551/https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-1998-08-17-1998229063-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The Mach3 and replacement cartridges cost 35 percent more than the SensorExcel razor.<ref>{{cite news |title=Gillette sets Mach3 launch |url=https://money.cnn.com/1998/04/14/companies/gillette/ |access-date=February 11, 2021 |work=[[CNN Money]] |date=April 14, 1998 |archive-date=July 27, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190727193353/https://money.cnn.com/1998/04/14/companies/gillette/ |url-status=live }}</ref> By 1999, Gillette was worth US$43&nbsp;billion, and the [[brand equity|brand value]] of Gillette was estimated to be worth US$16&nbsp;billion. This equated to 37% of the company's value.<ref>Jane Pavitt (2000). ''Brand New''. {{ISBN|069107061X}}{{page needed|date=September 2021}}</ref> In 2000, Gillette's board fired CEO Michael Hawley; he was replaced by former [[Nabisco]] CEO [[James M. Kilts]] in early 2001.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Herper |first1=Matthew |title=Focus On The Forbes 500s: Gillette Fires CEO |journal=[[Forbes]] |date=October 20, 2000 |url=https://www.forbes.com/2000/10/20/1020gillette.html?sh=5ef277987053 |access-date=February 24, 2021 |archive-date=September 2, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902005120/https://www.forbes.com/simple-data/native-ad/?feedId=6064abdac0d80c00429c1be2&pos=ntv-content |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Gillette taps Nabisco CEO |url=https://money.cnn.com/2001/01/22/companies/gillette/ |access-date=February 24, 2021 |work=[[CNN Money]] |date=January 22, 2001 |archive-date=February 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225014830/https://money.cnn.com/2001/01/22/companies/gillette/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2003, Schick-Wilkinson Sword introduced the Quattro, a four-blade shaving system, increasing the company's market share to 17 percent. Gillette claimed the Quattro infringed on the Mach3 patents.<ref name="Teather">{{cite news |last1=Teather |first1=David |title=It's Mach3 versus Quattro as Gillette crosses swords with Schick |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2003/aug/15/1 |access-date=February 24, 2021 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=August 14, 2003 |archive-date=August 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210826031917/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2003/aug/15/1 |url-status=live }}</ref> Gillette's efforts were unsuccessful, but the company maintained approximately two-thirds of the global wet-razor market as of mid-2005.<ref>{{cite journal |title=It's a cut-throat market |journal=[[Marketing Week]] |date=June 23, 2005 |url=https://www.marketingweek.com/its-a-cut-throat-market/ |access-date=February 24, 2021 |archive-date=August 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210826025937/https://www.marketingweek.com/its-a-cut-throat-market/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Procter & Gamble acquisition to present===
In 2005, [[Procter & Gamble]] announced plans to acquire Gillette for more than $50 billion, which would position P&G as the world's largest consumer products company.<ref>{{cite news |title=P&G Agrees to Buy Gillette In a $54 Billion Stock Deal |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB110693197048439468 |access-date=March 5, 2021 |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=January 30, 2005 |archive-date=April 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411025811/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB110693197048439468 |url-status=live }}</ref> The deal was approved by the [[Federal Trade Commission]].<ref>{{cite journal |title=P&G Cleared For Gillette Buy |journal=Forbes |date=September 30, 2005 |url=https://www.forbes.com/2005/09/30/procter-gamble-gillette-cx_jl_0930video2.html?sh=6839b3a1160a |access-date=March 5, 2021 |archive-date=September 2, 2021 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|url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/press-releases/2005/09/ftc-consent-order-remedies-likely-anticompetitive-effects-procter|title=FTC Consent Order Remedies Likely Anticompetitive Effects of Procter & Gambles Acquisition of Gillette|date=September 30, 2005|publisher=[[Federal Trade Commission]]|access-date=March 6, 2021|archive-date=February 12, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212054838/https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/press-releases/2005/09/ftc-consent-order-remedies-likely-anticompetitive-effects-procter|url-status=live}}</ref> Gillette introduced the world's first 5-blade razor, called the Fusion, during 2005–2006, marking the company's first launch after the P&G acquisition.<ref>{{cite news |title=Gillette unveils 5-bladed razor |url=https://money.cnn.com/2005/09/14/news/fortune500/gillette/ |access-date=March 5, 2021 |work=CNN Money |publisher=CNN |date=September 14, 2005 |archive-date=February 27, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227120935/https://money.cnn.com/2005/09/14/news/fortune500/gillette/ |url-status=live }}</ref> By 2010, the Fusion was the world's highest selling blade and razor brand, reaching $1 billion in annual sales faster than any prior P&G product.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Wohl |first1=Jessica |title=Art of Shaving says new Gillette blade sales solid |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-procter-artofshaving-exclusive-idUSTRE64C3LE20100513 |access-date=March 4, 2021 |publisher=Reuters |date=May 13, 2010 |archive-date=January 6, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170106110630/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-procter-artofshaving-exclusive-idUSTRE64C3LE20100513 |url-status=live }}</ref> Gillette's Fusion ProSeries skincare line, launched in 2010, included a thermal facial scrub, a face wash, a lotion, and a moisturizer with [[sunscreen]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Evans |first1=Matthew W. |title=Gillette Launching Men's Fusion ProSeries |journal=[[Women's Wear Daily]] |date=March 9, 2010 |url=https://wwd.com/business-news/retail/gillette-launching-mens-fusion-proseries-2537127/ |access-date=March 4, 2021 |archive-date=November 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124191308/https://wwd.com/business-news/retail/gillette-launching-mens-fusion-proseries-2537127/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Baker |first1=Rosie |title=P&G launches Gillette Fusion ProGlide Series |journal=[[Marketing Week]] |date=February 12, 2010 |url=https://www.marketingweek.com/pg-launches-gillette-fusion-proglide-series/ |access-date=March 4, 2021 |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201121915/https://www.marketingweek.com/pg-launches-gillette-fusion-proglide-series/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The Gillette Fusion ProGlide Styler for facial hair grooming was introduced in 2012, with [[André 3000]], [[Gael García Bernal]], and [[Adrien Brody]] serving as brand ambassadors.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Martin |first1=Peter |title=The New Shaver to Consider Using Today |journal=[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]] |date=February 14, 2021 |url=https://www.esquire.com/style/grooming/advice/a12804/gilette-fusion-proglide-styler-review-021412/ |access-date=March 4, 2021 |archive-date=January 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119024432/https://www.esquire.com/style/grooming/advice/a12804/gilette-fusion-proglide-styler-review-021412/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Gillette taps Benjamin, Brody and Bernal for ProGlide Styler ads |url=https://latimesblogs.latimes.com/alltherage/2012/01/gillette-taps-brody-benjamin-and-bernal-as-facial-hair-ambassadors.html |access-date=March 4, 2021 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=January 23, 2012 |archive-date=February 25, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160225130500/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/alltherage/2012/01/gillette-taps-brody-benjamin-and-bernal-as-facial-hair-ambassadors.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2015, the company launched a subscription service called Gillette Shave Club{{NoteTag|Rebranded as Gillette On Demand in 2017<ref>{{cite news |last1=Green |first1=Dennis |title=Gillette just made an unprecedented change to be more like its competitors |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/gillette-launches-on-demand-razor-subscription-2017-5 |access-date=March 4, 2021 |work=[[Business Insider]] |date=May 9, 2017 |archive-date=September 18, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918105336/https://www.businessinsider.com/gillette-launches-on-demand-razor-subscription-2017-5 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Thomas |first1=Lauren |title=Gillette one ups Dollar Shave Club with on-demand razor ordering service where you text to order |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/05/09/gillette-one-ups-dollar-shave-club-with-on-demand-razor-ordering-service-where-you-text-to-order.html |access-date=March 4, 2021 |publisher=[[CNBC]] |date=May 9, 2017 |archive-date=January 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125190640/https://www.cnbc.com/2017/05/09/gillette-one-ups-dollar-shave-club-with-on-demand-razor-ordering-service-where-you-text-to-order.html |url-status=live }}</ref>}} and later filed a lawsuit against [[Dollar Shave Club]] for patent infringement.<ref>{{cite news |title=Gillette files patent lawsuit against Dollar Shave Club |url=https://www.denverpost.com/2015/12/17/gillette-files-patent-lawsuit-against-dollar-shave-club/ |access-date=March 4, 2021 |work=[[The Denver Post]] |date=December 17, 2015 |archive-date=April 30, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170430004751/http://www.denverpost.com/2015/12/17/gillette-files-patent-lawsuit-against-dollar-shave-club/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Harwell |first1=Drew |title=Gillette's lawsuit could tilt the battle for America's beards |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/business/wp/2015/12/18/gillettes-lawsuit-could-tilt-the-battle-for-americas-beards/ |access-date=March 4, 2021 |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=December 18, 2015 |archive-date=December 19, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151219173859/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/business/wp/2015/12/18/gillettes-lawsuit-could-tilt-the-battle-for-americas-beards/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The Dollar Shave Club lawsuit was criticized for revealing flaws in Gillette's own patents<ref name="cnbclawsuit">{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2015/12/18/heres-how-dollar-shave-can-beat-gillettes-lawsuit.html|title=The nick in Gillette suit against upstart Dollar Shave Club|work=CNBC|last=Spiegel|first=David|date=18 December 2015|access-date=6 March 2021|archive-date=18 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918231940/https://www.cnbc.com/2015/12/18/heres-how-dollar-shave-can-beat-gillettes-lawsuit.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and as a perceived attempt to drive away an upstart competitor; the lawsuit was dropped two months later after Dollar Shave Club filed a countersuit.<ref name="w3">{{cite web|url=https://w3-lab.com/gillettes-ad-dollar-shave-club/|title=How Gillette's Ad Helped Dollar Shave Club|work=W3 Labs|last=Milosavljević|first=Marija|access-date=6 March 2021|archive-date=20 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120165357/https://w3-lab.com/gillettes-ad-dollar-shave-club/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2019, the company partnered with [[TerraCycle]] to create a U.S. recycling program for blades, razors, and packaging for any brand.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Peters |first1=Adele |title=You can now send Gillette your old razors to have them recycled |journal=[[Fast Company]] |date=March 15, 2019 |url=https://www.fastcompany.com/90320841/you-can-now-send-gillette-your-old-razors-to-have-them-recycled |access-date=March 4, 2021 |archive-date=April 10, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410235612/https://www.fastcompany.com/90320841/you-can-now-send-gillette-your-old-razors-to-have-them-recycled |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2020, Gillette announced a commitment to reduce the use of virgin (unrecycled) plastics by 50 percent by 2030 and maintain zero waste to landfill status across all plants.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Anderson |first1=Deonna |title=Gillette plans to shave use of virgin (unrecycled) plastics by 50% by 2030 |url=https://www.greenbiz.com/article/gillette-plans-shave-use-virgin-plastics-50-2030 |website=GreenBiz |access-date=March 4, 2021 |date=October 27, 2020 |archive-date=February 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212075013/https://www.greenbiz.com/article/gillette-plans-shave-use-virgin-plastics-50-2030 |url-status=live }}</ref>