Editing Goaltender (section)

==Goaltenders in ice hockey==
[[File:Goalie at Ryerson.jpg|thumb|left|[[Elizabeth Wyn Wood]]'s [[High-relief|high relief]] of goaltender [[Turk Broda]] at [[Toronto Metropolitan University]].]]

===Roster===
Goaltenders are a specialized position in ice hockey; at higher levels in the game, no goaltenders play other positions and no other players play goaltender. At minor levels and recreational games, goaltenders do occasionally switch with others players who have been taught goaltending; however, most recreational hockey rules are now forbidding position swapping due to an increase in injuries.<ref name="hg">{{cite book |last1=Daccord |first1=Brian |title=Hockey Goaltending |date=2009 |publisher=Human Kinetics |isbn=978-0-7360-7427-8}}</ref>

A typical ice hockey team has two or three goaltenders on its roster. Most teams typically have a starting goaltender who plays the majority of the regular season games and all of the playoffs, with the [[#Back-up_goaltender|backup goaltender]] only stepping in if the starter is pulled or injured, or in cases where the schedule is too heavy for one goaltender to play every game.

Professional hockey leagues at all levels require each team have a list of "emergency" goaltenders. The list provides goaltender options for both the home and visiting teams. These goaltenders are to be called to a game if a team does not have two goaltenders to start the game, most often in the [[ECHL]] where a goaltender can be called up to the [[American Hockey League]] (AHL) that afternoon and the team is unable to sign a backup or the scheduled backup is unable to make the game on time after a callup. An "emergency" goaltender may also be called if both roster goaltenders are injured in the same game.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/nhl/2017/01/06/emergency-goalie-the-most-unique-one-day-job-in-sports/96265280/|title=Emergency goalie: The most unusual 1-day job in sports|newspaper=USA Today|access-date=March 30, 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330212607/https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/nhl/2017/01/06/emergency-goalie-the-most-unique-one-day-job-in-sports/96265280/|archive-date=March 30, 2018|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

====Goalie tandem====
Some teams have used a goaltender tandem where two goaltenders split the regular season playing duties, though often one of them is considered the number one goaltender who gets the start in the playoffs. An example is the 1982–83 [[New York Islanders]] with [[Billy Smith (ice hockey)|Billy Smith]] and [[Roland Melanson]]; Melanson was named to the NHL second All-Star team for his regular season play while Smith won the [[Conn Smythe Trophy]] as the playoff MVP and both players shared the [[William M. Jennings Trophy]] for fewest goals allowed. Another instance is the [[Edmonton Oilers]]' [[Andy Moog]] and [[Grant Fuhr]]; both of them earned [[National Hockey League All-Star Game|All-Star Game]] appearances for the regular season play, with Moog being the starter in the 1983 playoffs and Fuhr for the 1984 playoffs (although Moog started Game 4 and 5 of the 1984 Stanley Cup Finals due to Fuhr's injury) and subsequent postseasons.<ref name="hg" />

The [[Toronto Maple Leafs]] had [[Terry Sawchuk]] and [[Johnny Bower]] share goaltending duties in the regular season and games, playoffs, winning the 1964–65 [[Vezina Trophy]] (shared) and the 1967 [[Stanley Cup]]. The 1996–97 [[Philadelphia Flyers]]' [[Ron Hextall]] and [[Garth Snow]] alternated in the playoffs;<ref name=":0">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/16/sports/time-to-drop-the-puck-on-stanley-cup-season.html?scp=542&sq=Ron+Hextall&st=nyt |title=Time to Drop the Puck On Stanley Cup Season |work=The New York Times |last=Lapointe |first=Joe |date=April 16, 1997 |access-date=April 24, 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108114714/http://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/16/sports/time-to-drop-the-puck-on-stanley-cup-season.html?scp=542&sq=Ron+Hextall&st=nyt |archive-date=January 8, 2014 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> Snow started nine of the ten games during the first two rounds,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/15/sports/flyers-question-who-will-start-in-goal.html?scp=552&sq=Ron+Hextall&st=nyt |title=Flyers' Question: Who Will Start in Goal? |last=Lapointe |first=Joe |work=The New York Times |date=May 15, 1997 |access-date=April 24, 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305154515/http://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/15/sports/flyers-question-who-will-start-in-goal.html?scp=552&sq=Ron+Hextall&st=nyt |archive-date=March 5, 2016 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> but Hextall took over in game two of Conference Finals and remained the starting goaltender for the remainder of the playoffs, though Snow started for game two of the Stanley Cup Finals.

===Privileges===
[[File:Pittsburgh Penguins, Washington Capitals, Bryan Rust (33744033514).jpg|thumb|[[Braden Holtby]] positions himself in the goal crease in front of the net, attempting to stop an incoming shot from [[Bryan Rust]]. The other attacker, [[Sidney Crosby]] (#87, far left), is not allowed to enter the crease to interfere with the goaltender]]

The goaltender has special privileges and training that other players do not. They wear special [[Ice hockey goaltending equipment|goaltending equipment]] that is different from that worn by other players and is subject to specific regulations. Goaltenders may use any part of their bodies to block shots. The goaltender may legally hold (or freeze) the puck with their hands to cause a stoppage of play. If a player from the other team hits the goaltender without making an attempt to get out of their way, the offending player may be penalized. In some leagues (including the NHL), if a goaltender's stick breaks, they can continue playing with a broken stick until the play is stopped, unlike other players who must drop any broken sticks immediately.

The goaltender normally plays in or near the ''goal crease'' the entire game, an area marked in front of the net, unlike the other positions where players are on ice for shifts and make frequent line changes. Attackers cannot make contact with the goaltender within the crease, as this interferes with the goaltender's ability to make saves. However, attackers may still enter the crease if they have the opportunity to make a play on a loose puck.

Additionally, if a goaltender acts in such a way that would cause a normal player to be given a penalty, such as slashing or tripping another player, the goaltender cannot be sent to the penalty box. Instead, one of the goaltender's teammates who was on the ice at the time of the infraction is sent to the penalty box in their place; the goaltender will still be credited with the penalty minutes on the scoresheet. However, if the goaltender receives a game misconduct or match [[penalty (ice hockey)|penalty]], they must immediately leave the ice and be replaced by another goaltender. In such cases, an unpenalized player is required to serve any minutes assessed to the ejected player in the penalty box; this holds true for all hockey positions in the event a player is ejected from the game.

Goaltenders are often pulled if they have allowed several goals in a short period of time, whether they were at fault for the surrendered goals or not. Usually, a substituted goaltender does not return for the rest of the game. During a game in 1995, future Hall-of-Famer [[Patrick Roy]], playing for the [[Montreal Canadiens]] at the time, was infamously [[Patrick Roy#Trade to Colorado|kept in net]] by then-head coach [[Mario Tremblay]]. Roy perceived this as a means of "humiliation," as he had allowed nine goals on 26 shots to that point, and the crowd in Montreal sarcastically applauded him after making an easy save. Tremblay would finally pull Roy midway through the second period; as he was walking to the locker room, Roy famously leaned toward Canadiens then-president Ronald Corey and told him that it would be Roy's "last game in Montreal." The Canadiens would ultimately lose the game 11-1; Roy was traded to the Colorado Avalanche four days later.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nhl.com/ice/recap.htm?id=2012030312&navid=sc.com-series-recap|title=Boston Bruins at Pittsburgh Penguins - 06/03/2013|work=NHL.com|access-date=June 16, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609035455/http://www.nhl.com/ice/recap.htm?id=2012030312&navid=sc.com-series-recap|archive-date=June 9, 2013|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.tsn.ca/nhl/story/?id=145407|title=Remembering Roy's career-changing game|date=September 11, 2008|work=TSN|access-date=June 16, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224093010/http://www.tsn.ca/nhl/story/?id=145407|archive-date=December 24, 2013|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

[[List of goaltenders who have scored a goal in an NHL game|Seventeen goaltenders]] have scored a goal in [[National Hockey League]] (NHL) games; combined, NHL goaltenders have scored 20 total goals. A goaltender can score by either shooting the puck into the net directly, or being awarded the goal as the last player on their team to touch the puck if an opponent scores an [[Own goal#Ice hockey|''own goal'']]. A goal scored by shooting the puck is particularly challenging, as the goaltender has to aim for a six-foot-wide net that is close to 180 feet away while avoiding hitting opposing players or turning the puck over; in cases of own goals, combining the circumstance of an own goal itself with the goaltender having been the last player to touch the puck renders own goals a very rare occurrence. Of the twenty goals, twelve were scored by shooting the puck and eight were the result of own goals.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/06/03/sports/it-s-snow-as-flyers-switch-goalies.html?scp=574&sq=Ron+Hextall&st=nyt |title=It's Snow As Flyers Switch Goalies |work=The New York Times |last=Diamos |first=Jason |date=June 3, 1997 |access-date=April 24, 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108133950/http://www.nytimes.com/1997/06/03/sports/it-s-snow-as-flyers-switch-goalies.html?scp=574&sq=Ron+Hextall&st=nyt |archive-date=January 8, 2014 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/06/08/sports/legion-of-brooms-red-wings-wait-ends-with-sweep.html?scp=580&sq=Ron+Hextall&st=nyt |title=Legion of Brooms: Red Wings' Wait Ends With Sweep |work=The New York Times |last=Lapointe |first=Joe |date=June 8, 1997 |access-date=April 24, 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108133541/http://www.nytimes.com/1997/06/08/sports/legion-of-brooms-red-wings-wait-ends-with-sweep.html?scp=580&sq=Ron+Hextall&st=nyt |archive-date=January 8, 2014 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> As of 2023, [[Ron Hextall]] and [[Martin Brodeur]] are the only goaltenders in NHL history to be credited with multiple goals; Hextall remains the only NHL goaltender to have scored multiple goals via directly shooting the puck. Brodeur is the only goaltender to be credited with three goals, and is the only NHL goaltender to have been credited with a game-winning goal.

A hockey team is not technically required to use a goaltender. At any time in any game, a team may remove its goaltender from the ice in favor of an [[extra attacker]] (a process colloquially known as "pulling the goalie"). Using an extra attacker is typically intended to overwhelm the opposing team's defense, and unlike during a [[power play (sporting term)|power play]], the defense cannot legally [[icing (ice hockey)|ice the puck]] if they are not already shorthanded due to a penalty (if the team on defense is serving a penalty, then the usual icing rules prevail, although in this case the team pulling the goaltender will have the additional advantage of having at least two more skaters on the ice). This puts the team without a goaltender at a significant advantage on offense. However, leaving the net untended creates the opportunity for an opposing team to score an [[empty net goal]] from virtually anywhere on the ice (even in the case of attempts that may cause the opponent to be called for icing if they miss the net, any goals still count). Obviously, if the opposing team does manage to advance the puck out of their own defensive zone, it becomes much easier to score an empty net goal. Thus, pulling the goalie is often used as an end-of-game desperation measure by losing teams, done in an attempt to quickly score a tying goal with the aid of a sixth attacker. A team may also pull their goalie in the event of a [[Penalty (ice hockey)#Enforcement of penalties|delayed penalty]].

NHL rules strongly encourage that teams use goaltenders in [[overtime (sport)|overtime]]; if a team opts for the extra attacker in overtime and an empty-net goal is scored, the game is credited as a regulation loss instead of an overtime loss (as an overtime loss earns one standings point, as opposed to two for a win of any sort), and the team pulling the goalie forfeit the point earned for going to overtime.<ref name="NHL-rulebook-84.2">{{cite book |author=National Hockey League |url=https://media.nhl.com/site/asset/public/ext/2023-24/2023-24Rulebook.pdf |title=National Hockey League Official Rules 2023-2024 |publisher=The National Hockey League |year=2021 |at=Section 10, Rule 84.2 |language=English |quote=However, should that team lose the game during the time in which the goalkeeper has been removed, it would forfeit the automatic point gained in the tie at the end of regulation play, except if the goalkeeper has been removed at the call of a delayed penalty against the other team.}}</ref> Teams thus typically forgo using a goaltender only in situations where they are trailing by one or two goals with only a short time (typically less than four minutes) left in the game and have possession of the puck in their opponent's defensive zone. Prior to the introduction of the shootout, NHL teams occasionally pulled goalies in overtime during rare late season situations where the team pulling its goaltender needed two points to remain in playoff contention or home-ice advantage. The shootout has essentially ended this practice, since teams are statistically much more likely to win a shootout as opposed to winning with an empty net in overtime. Even with the introduction of the shootout to resolve games tied after overtime, it is still theoretically possible for a situation to arise where it may be advisable for an NHL team to pull a goaltender late in the regular season when tied late in regulation, since the statistics "regulation wins" followed by "regulation and overtime wins" are the top two criteria to break ties in the standings; as of {{year}}, no such situation has occurred since the adoption of the shootout. However, as seen in the [[2023-24 ECHL season]], the [[Orlando Solar Bears]] were tied against the Reading Royals, 0-0, with less than two minutes in the final game of the regular season. The Solar Bears and [[South Carolina Stingrays]] were tied in points with the Solar Bears needing a win in either regulation or overtime to clinch the final South Division playoff berth, while the Stingrays led the [[Florida Everblades]], 3-2, late in the third period. Orlando pulled their goaltender with a minute remaining in order to attempt gaining the two points necessary to clinch the final berth, and scored to take the position by one point.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Traikos |first=Michael |date=2024-03-11 |title=The Morning Take: Wild Risk It All By Pulling Goalie in OT — 'We're Here to Win, Right?' |url=https://thehockeynews.com/news/the-morning-take-wild-risk-it-all-by-pulling-goalie-in-ot-were-here-to-win-right |access-date=2024-03-30 |website=The Hockey News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Donnelly |first=Patrick |date=2024-03-30 |title=Marchessault's empty-net goal in overtime lifts Vegas over Wild 2-1 |url=https://apnews.com/article/wild-golden-knights-score-febb18885877827b5a0ee7fd1b57da3a |access-date=2024-03-30 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref>

The rules of the IIHF, NHL and Hockey Canada do not permit goaltenders to be designated as on-ice [[Captain (ice hockey)|captains]],<ref name="IIHF-rules">{{cite web |title=IIHF Rule Book |url= http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/sport/iihf-rule-book.html |format=PDF |access-date=October 18, 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081002092827/http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/sport/iihf-rule-book.html |archive-date=October 2, 2008 |work=[[International Ice Hockey Federation|IIHF]] |df = mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="NHL-rules">{{cite web|author=National Hockey League |title=National Hockey League Official Rules |publisher=Triumph Books |year=2007 |url= http://www.nhl.com/rules/index.html |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20050925113900/http://www.nhl.com/rules/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 25, 2005 |format=PDF |access-date=October 20, 2007}}</ref> because of the logistical challenge of having the goaltender relay rules discussions between referees and coaches and then return to the [[Crease (hockey)|crease]]. The [[Vancouver Canucks]] did name goaltender [[Roberto Luongo]] as their team captain during the 2008–09 and 2009–10 seasons, but due to NHL rules, he did not serve as the ''official'' on-ice captain.<ref>{{cite book |last=Duplacey |first=James |editor-last=Diamond |editor-first=Dan |title=The annotated rules of hockey |year=1996 |publisher=Lyons & Burford |isbn=1-55821-466-6 |url-access=registration |page=25 |url=https://archive.org/details/annotatedrulesof00dupl}}</ref> In the [[National Collegiate Athletic Association|NCAA]], there is no position-based restriction on the team captain.<ref name="NCAA-2008-10-rules">{{cite journal |title=2008–10 NCAA Men's and Women's Ice Hockey Rules and Interpretations |journal=Ncaa Ice Hockey Rules |publisher=National Collegiate Athletic Association |date=August 2008 |location=Indianapolis, Indiana |page=178 |url= http://www.ncaapublications.com/p-4099-ncaa-mens-and-womens-ice-hockey-rules-two-year-publication-covers-2008-2010.aspx |issn=0735-9195 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131203035713/http://www.ncaapublications.com/p-4099-ncaa-mens-and-womens-ice-hockey-rules-two-year-publication-covers-2008-2010.aspx |archive-date = December 3, 2013 |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

Out of the five positions on the [[Ice hockey rink|rink]], goaltenders are frequently candidates for the [[Conn Smythe Trophy]], awarded to the MVP of the Stanley Cup Playoffs; goaltenders have won this honor in four of the last ten playoffs. [[Patrick Roy]] has won a record three times, and four goaltenders have won the Conn Smythe Trophy as part of the losing team in the Finals.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbc.ca/sports/hockey/nhl/early-stanley-cup-playoff-mvp-candidates-1.1349867|work=CBC News|title=Early Stanley Cup playoff MVP candidates|access-date=October 30, 2015|date=June 11, 2013|first1=Doug|last1=Harrison|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130619012409/http://www.cbc.ca/sports/hockey/nhl/story/2013/06/11/sp-gallery-conn-smythe-trophy-candidates.html|archive-date=June 19, 2013|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1669130-power-ranking-the-2013-nhl-conn-smythe-trophy-candidates|title=Power Ranking the 2013 NHL Conn Smythe Trophy Candidates|author=Steve Silverman|work=Bleacher Report|access-date=June 16, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20150617121916/http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1669130-power-ranking-the-2013-nhl-conn-smythe-trophy-candidates|archive-date=June 17, 2015|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

===Saves===
{{Main|Save (ice hockey)}}
When a goaltender either blocks or stops a shot from going into their goal net, that action is called a save.{{efn|"Save" can also be used as a verb: i.e. "The goaltender saved the shot"}} Goaltenders often use a particular style, but in general they make saves any way they can: catching the puck with their glove hand, deflecting the shot with their stick, blocking it with their leg pads or blocker or another part of their body, or collapsing to butterfly position to block any low shot coming, especially in close proximity. After making a save, the goaltender attempts to control the rebound to avoid a goal scored by an opposing player when the goaltender is out of position ('scoring on a rebound'), or to allow the goaltender's own team to get control of the puck. Goaltenders may catch or hold a puck shot at the net to better control how it re-enters play. If there is immediate pressure from the opposing team, a goaltender may choose to hold on to the puck (for a second or more, with judgment from the referee) to stop play for a face-off. If a goaltender holds on to the puck for too long without any pressure they may be subject to a 2-minute [[Delay of game (ice hockey)|delay of game]] penalty. Recently, in the NHL and AHL, goaltenders have been restricted as to where they can play the puck behind the net.

Goaltender equipment, techniques and skills have evolved over the years, dramatically improving their effectiveness altering the dynamics of the game. Goaltenders have added masks, longer pads and are physically bigger. [[Ken Dryden]] has called for bigger nets to counter their effectiveness.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dryden |first1=Ken |title=Hockey Has a Gigantic-Goalie Problem |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/culture/archive/2021/02/hockey-goalies-are-too-big-now/618021/ |access-date=22 February 2021 |work=[[The Atlantic]] |date=15 February 2021|author1-link=Ken Dryden }}</ref>

{{See also|Shot on goal (ice hockey)|save percentage|goals against average}}

===Glossary and techniques===
* '''Angle play:''' The method where, by positioning oneself in a direct line between the puck (not the shooter) and the net, a goaltender covers more of the net than he would otherwise be able to, and often "skulling" slowly, directly towards and closing on the opposing shooter to block more of the net. Two of the most notable angle goaltenders in the 1970s were [[Gilles Gilbert]] and [[Bernie Parent]].
*'''[[Blocker (ice hockey)|Blocker]]:''' The blocker is a rectangular piece of equipment with a glove to hold the stick. The blocker is predominantly worn on the dominant hand of the goaltender. The blocker protects the wrist area and can be used to direct shots away from the net. The blocker should be positioned at one's side, and at a height which allows the goaltender's stick to remain flat on the ice while in their ready stance.
*'''[[Trapper (ice hockey)|Trapper]]:''' Often simply referred to as the goalie's "glove," the goalie's catching glove was originally shaped in the same fashion as a [[baseball glove]]. It has evolved into a highly specific piece of equipment that is designed specifically for catching the puck. Some of the more significant changes are the use of a "string mesh" in the pocket of the trapper and the substantial palm and wrist protection. The pocket is the area between the thumb and first finger of the glove and is where most goaltenders try to catch the puck; catching in the pocket reduces the chance of a rebound falling out of the glove. The trapper must not be more than 18 inches across. The trapper can be held in a variety of positions depending upon the individual goaltender, but the trend among younger goaltenders is to hold the glove with the palm facing towards the shooter, instead of the "shake hands" position that was popular previously. The "Cheater" portion of the glove is the portion of the glove on the outside area of the thumb and the part that covers the wrist of the goaltender.
* '''Butterfly save:''' A save utilizing the [[Butterfly style|butterfly technique]] in which the goaltender drives their knees down to the ice and splays their legs out to the sides while keeping their stick on the ice between their legs to cover the [[five-hole]] with their hands on either side of their body above each leg pad. For most modern goaltenders, the butterfly is the default technique around which the rest of their game is built as it theoretically stops any shots along the ice and provides optimal net-coverage.
* '''Butterfly slide:''' A technique in which the goaltender moves laterally by pushing with one leg and sliding with the other leg's knee on the ice. Once the push has been completed, the pushing leg's knee is brought back down to the ice to resume the butterfly position for the remainder of the slide. This technique allows for lateral movement while minimizing opportunities for pucks to slide under the goaltender by keeping at least one leg pad flat on the ice throughout.
* '''Hasek roll:''' The Hasek roll is a desperation maneuver named after Czech goaltender [[Dominik Hašek]]. In the stacked pad stance the lower part of the net is protected very well, but the upper third is completely open. In a last-ditch effort to block an incoming high shot the goaltender can roll around his upper back, flailing his pads through the air and stacking them on the other side. If the timing is right the goalie might get his leg up just in time to make the save.
[[File:Goalie-holes.png|thumb|The holes on the goalpost]]
* '''Holes one through five:''' When a goaltender stands in the net in the ready position, there are seven open areas that the goalie must cover.<ref>{{cite web|last=Korn|first=Mitch|title=A hole is a hole is hole|url=http://www.hockeyplayer.com/artman/publish/article_487.shtml|website=hockeyplayer.com|access-date=February 12, 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524141733/http://www.hockeyplayer.com/artman/publish/article_487.shtml|archive-date=May 24, 2013|df=mdy-all}}</ref> They are:
# Glove side, high: this area is defined by the goaltender's arm and catcher on the bottom, mask on the inside, and the post and top of the goal on the outside.
# Glove side, low: this area is defined by the goaltender's arm and catcher on the top, the ice on the bottom, and the outside post of the goal. During a butterfly-style save, this area is closed off completely and the catcher is typically stacked on top of the leg pad as the leg is extended to cover the post.
# Stick side, high: this area is defined by the goal post, top of the goal, and the goalie's arm and blocker. The top half of the goaltender's stick is held in this area, but is not commonly used for stopping the puck.
# Stick side, low: this area is the lower half of the stick side, defined by the blocker and arm, the ice, and the outer post of the goal. During a butterfly save this area is also covered by the leg pad with the blocker stacked on top to protect against low shots. When a goaltender is standing, the paddle of their stick is used to cover this area and to deflect the puck away from the net.
# 'Five Hole': the fifth and final area is between the goalie's leg pads and skates. This area is protected by the blade of the stick at all times, and is closed up by the upper leg pads when the goalie is in the butterfly position.
# 'Six and Seven Hole': the six and seven holes are relatively new terms to identify the areas under either armpit of the goalie. Goaltenders who hold their trapper high or blocker further out to the side of their body are said to have six and seven holes.
# 'Six Hole (slang)': The "six hole" is also used as a slang term used when a save is made, but the puck goes into the net, resulting in a goal. The term is used when the goalie is unsure how the puck made it past them.

* '''Leg pads:''' Worn on the goaltender's legs to both protect the legs and help stop shots. Current NHL Rules have reduced leg pad width to {{convert|11|in|mm}}; the overall height is restricted based upon an individual proportionally. The leg pads generally come to about three inches above the knee. Due to the popularity of the [[butterfly style]], modern leg pads are now built with a 'landing surface' that sits flat on the ice during the butterfly technique and allows the 'face' of the pad to face outward and offer the most protection to the goalie while presenting the largest blocking surface possible to the shooter.
* '''(Leg) kick save:''' Any save made with the leg pad. A kick save often refers to a save in which the goaltender kicks their leg outward to block the puck and/or to more effectively redirect the puck to a desired location.
* '''Lie:''' The angle created between the handle (paddle) of a goaltender's stick and the blade. The higher the lie, the closer the stick resembles the capital letter "L". A higher lie number of 15+ is traditionally for goaltenders who tend to stand up more in their stance; A lower lie number of 11 or 12 is for goaltenders who play with a more butterfly stance down on the ice more often.
*'''[[Goaltender mask|Mask]]''': The protective headgear worn by goaltenders. The first goaltender to wear a mask in the National Hockey League was [[Clint Benedict]] in 1930 who wore a crude form made of leather.<ref>{{cite web |work=Sporting News |url=http://www.sportingnews.com/nhl/article/2009-10-30/fifty-years-after-plantes-breakthrough-goalie-mask-about-sanity-not-toughness |title=Fifty years after Plante's breakthrough, goalie mask is about sanity, not toughness |last=Custance |first=Craig |access-date=August 9, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091207043325/http://www.sportingnews.com/nhl/article/2009-10-30/fifty-years-after-plantes-breakthrough-goalie-mask-about-sanity-not-toughness |archive-date=December 7, 2009 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> In November 1959, [[Jacques Plante]], wore a self-made fiberglass mask after taking a [[New York Rangers]] shot to the face. Following his lead, goaltenders around the world began to don protective headgear, which is now a requirement. Masks have evolved from the flush style introduced by Plante, to the player's helmet/special "birdcage" style best associated with [[Vladislav Tretiak]] and [[Chris Osgood]], to the modern hybrid helmet, made of advanced materials such as carbon fiber or [[Kevlar]], increasing in safety as time went on. Especially at higher levels of hockey, many goaltenders have their masks painted to represent their team's colors/imagery, landmarks in the city they play in or personal interests/nicknames. Examples of this include [[Mike Richter]]'s [[Statue of Liberty]] mask, [[Ed Belfour]]'s Eagle on his mask (Eddie the Eagle nickname), [[Ryan Miller]] featuring the words "Matt Man" on his masks in honor of his late cousin, and [[Craig Anderson (ice hockey)|Craig Anderson]] honouring his father's [[National Corvette Museum]] board service (as a former Corvette racer) by having a [[Chevrolet Corvette]] on his masks.
* '''Paddle:''' The thick part of the goaltender's stick, not to be confused with the blade. The paddle has a maximum length of {{convert|26|in|mm}} in the NHL. The blade is the part of the stick that should remain flat on the ice, as compared with the paddle.
* '''Paddle down:''' A type of stance by the goaltender when the play is coming from the corner to the front of the net and the puck carrier is carrying the puck in front of the net looking to score. Here the goaltender puts the stick down on the ground, [[parallel (geometry)|parallel]] to the ice, with the leg farthest from the post down and the other up and ready to push. This works well against angled rushes or [[Glossary of ice hockey terms#W|wrap around]]s where the skater would normally out–skate the goalie. The skater does have the top part of the net to shoot at, but it is difficult to lift the puck over the goalie from up close. The paddle down stance is also effective against low passes from behind the net to players looking to score from the slot.
* '''Poke check:''' When the goaltender wants to poke the puck away from an opposing player, they quickly slides their hand up the stick, thrusting forward towards the puck. An improperly played poke check is a risky play; the goaltender may miss, and the puck-carrier will be left with an unguarded net. In tight situations, a quick, hard jab could be used.
* '''Pro-fly:''' This style of play is derived from the butterfly style of play, although most will argue that this is nothing more than a marketing term. Current leg pad design allows for the full face of the pad to be perpendicular to the ice, maximizing blocking area. This is also called "flaring the pad", almost all modern goaltenders play this style. The stance is very wide and low to maximize the amount of body blocking the net. Many of today's great goaltenders have adopted this technique. This forces the shooter to get the puck off the ice to score. The con of this stance is that it is very hard to move quickly. The more efficient users of this style include [[Henrik Lundqvist]] of the New York Rangers, [[Jonathan Quick]] of the Los Angeles Kings, and [[Roberto Luongo]] of the Florida Panthers. This is still considered a butterfly motion, as the mechanics of making the save are the same, however it is the design of the leg pad that achieves this rotation more than anything.
* '''Screen shot:''' Screen shots are blind shots, in which the goalie can not find the location of the puck. Goalies should never anticipate or guess when and where the puck will hit. In the screen shot, another player (usually an opponent, but sometimes the goaltender's own teammate) stands between the shooter and the goaltender, obscuring the goaltender's vision of the shot. On a screen shot, the goaltender must do everything possible to try to see the shot, as dropping to the butterfly stance and thrusting their glove out at the sound of a shot is not the best idea in the modern game. Some goalies, such as [[Ed Belfour]] or [[Ron Hextall]], went as far as (illegally) punching players in the head or slashing their legs.
* '''Shuffle:''' This may refer two different techniques: A standing shuffle is a technique in which a goaltender, in a standing position, pushes with one skate and slides with the other while keeping both skates facing forward to make small lateral movements. A butterfly shuffle is a technique in which a goaltender in the butterfly position makes small pushes using their knees to make very small lateral movements without compromising the butterfly's net-coverage.
* '''Skate save:''' A save made with the goaltender's skate. The goaltender decides which direction the rebound should travel in, and turns their skate in that direction. Then, bending the other leg, they push towards the puck with the off leg, as the bent knee drops to the ice. This move is rarely used since the butterfly method has become popular. A skate save's effectiveness is more limited because of the difficulty in directing a puck compared with using a stick, a blocker, or the pad.
* '''Stacked Pad Slide:''' When a goaltender is on the angle, often a sudden pass close to the net will leave the net relatively unguarded. Stacking the pads is a desperation move in which the goaltender slides feet-first, with legs together (and consequently, "stacked"), across the crease, attempting to cover as much space as possible.
* '''Stance:''' In a proper stance, the goaltender has the weight on the balls of their feet, the trapper and blocker just above knee-height and slightly out in front so they can be seen in the goalies peripheral vision, and the stick flat on the ice. Stance should also be conformed to the goaltender's style and comfort.
* '''Stick:''' The stick, held by the goaltender in their blocker hand, the blade of the stick should remain flat on the ice. Keep notice of the lie on a new stick. A high lie will force a goaltender to play on their heels, offsetting balance, while a low lie places a goaltender lower to the ice, and may affect high saves.
* '''Stick save:''' A save made with the goaltender's stick. On stick saves, the goaltender should not keep a tight grip on the stick, instead allowing the shot's momentum to push the stick back into the skates/pads, cushioning the blow.
*{{anchor|Stood on his head}} '''Stood on his head:''' This is a term to describe an outstanding performance by an ice hockey goaltender in a short period of time. Often when a goalie lets out a rebound, the opposition returns the shot quickly, and the goalie has to make a quick save. A goalie often falls on their side and "stacks the pads" and appears to nearly stand on their head. The term may have been derived after NHL President [[Frank Calder]], alluding to the 1918 rules change that permitted goalies to leave their feet to make a save, remarked, "As far as I am concerned, they can stand on their head(s)."<ref>''The Hockey News: Century Of Hockey'', 1st ed. 2000, p. 20 – "As far as I am concerned, they can stand on their head(s). ''NHL president Frank Calder, announcing goalies can leave their feet to stop a puck''"</ref>
* '''Skulling:''' Skulling is a method of moving inward and outward from the goal crease, often used in "angle play". Most often used in setting up prior to the puck entering their zone, especially to "cut down the angle." This technique is accomplished by pointing both toe's of one's skates inward or outward and allowing the skates to separate, then pulling one's skates back together to stop, all without the skates leaving the ice surface. Pointing one's toes inward results in backward movement and pointing them outward results in forward movement. This can also be referred to as telescoping or bubbling.
* '''T-push:''' A technique used by goaltenders to move larger distances laterally than can be accomplished by shuffling. The goaltender directs one skate in the desired direction of travel, rotating their body if required, and then uses the other skate to push themselves in that direction. The name "T-push" comes from the how, during the push, the skates are perpendicular to one another forming a T shape.

===Playing styles===
====Stand-up style====
The oldest playing style is the '''stand-up style'''. In this style, goaltenders are to stop the puck from a standing position, not going down. The goaltenders may bend over to stop the puck with their upper body or may kick the puck. Such saves made by kicking are known as kick saves or skate saves. They may also simply use their stick to stop it, known as a stick save. This was the style seen in the early NHL and was most commonly used up until the early 1960s. One of the more notable goaltenders who was last seen using stand up was [[Bill Ranford]], but most of the goaltenders from earlier decades such as [[Jacques Plante]] were considered pure stand up goaltenders.

As the name suggests, the ''stand-up style'' refers to a style of goaltending in which the goaltender makes the majority of the saves standing up. This style is not as popular in the modern era, with the majority of contemporary goaltenders switching to the [[butterfly style]] and the hybrid style. The stand-up style is in contrast to the butterfly style, where goaltenders protect the net against incoming shots by dropping to their knees and shifting their legs out.

The advantage of the stand-up style is in the continued mobility of the goaltender mid save. While standing, a stand-up goaltender can remain square to the puck and adjust his positioning to ensure that he is covering as much of the net as possible at all times. The goaltender is also in a better position to stop pucks that are headed towards the upper part of the net.

The main disadvantage of the stand-up style, however, is a susceptibility to shots travelling along the bottom half of the net. A larger percentage of shots occur in the bottom portion of the net, and a goaltender utilizing the butterfly will cover a larger portion of that area. If there is a screen, however, a stand-up goaltender is generally in a better position to see the [[slapshot]].

====Butterfly style====
{{main|Butterfly style}}

Another style is the "Butterfly", where goaltenders go down on both pads with their toes pointing outwards and the tops of their pads meeting in the middle, thus closing up the [[five-hole|five hole]]. This results in a "wall" of padding without any holes, lowering the chances of low angle shots getting in. These goaltenders rely on timing and position. Early innovators of this style were goaltending greats [[Glenn Hall]] and [[Tony Esposito]], who played 1951–1971 and 1967–1984, respectively. Hall is credited to be among the first to use this style, and both he and Esposito had tremendous success with it. The most successful goaltender to adopt this style was Patrick Roy, who has 550 career wins in the NHL. This is the most widely used style in the NHL today. "Butterfly" goaltenders have developed methods of sliding in the "Butterfly" position in order to move around fast in one-timer situations. As pad size increased, it became a more notable style of goaltending and is still evolving.

====Hybrid style====
This style of goaltending is a combination of both stand-up and butterfly style, where the goaltender primarily relies on reaction, save selection, and positioning to make saves. Hybrid goaltenders will usually control rebounds well, deflect low shots with their sticks, will utilize the butterfly, and are generally not as predictable as goaltenders who rely heavily on the butterfly as a save selection. Most players are not pure stand-up or butterfly, but simply tend to prefer stand-up or butterfly over the other. If a player does not have any preferences, he is considered a hybrid goaltender. All modern NHL goaltenders generally use some form of this style. Some goaltenders who do this effectively are [[Ryan Miller]], [[Jaroslav Halák]], [[Jimmy Howard]], [[Tuukka Rask]], [[Carey Price]] and formerly [[Evgeni Nabokov]] and [[Martin Brodeur]].

===Empty net situations===
[[File:Delayed penalty.jpg|thumb|A delayed penalty call situation, in which the referee (top-left) indicates a coming penalty by raising his arm, and prepares to blow the whistle when a player from the team to be penalized (in white) touches the puck. Goaltender [[Jere Myllyniemi]] can be seen (right) rushing to the bench to send on an extra attacker.]]

Normally, the goaltender plays in or near the goal crease the entire game. However, teams may legally ''pull the goalie'' by substituting in a normal skater and taking the goaltender off the ice. A team temporarily playing with no goaltender is said to be playing with an ''empty net''. This gives the team an extra attacker, but at significant risk—if the opposing team gains control of the puck, they may easily score a goal. However, shooters that attempt to score on an empty net from the opposite side of the red line face getting called for [[Icing (ice hockey)|icing]] the puck if they miss the net. There are two common situations where a goaltender is generally pulled, as well as two less common situations:

:1. '''The opposing team has a [[delayed penalty]] coming against them'''
::The offended team, if in control of the puck, will pull their goaltender for an extra man. This is safe since as soon as a player on the team to be penalized touches the puck, the whistle is called, so they cannot score on the empty net. This effectively increases the one-man disadvantage beyond the standard penalty time. It is possible, however, for a team to accidentally score on their own empty net.
:2. '''A team needs a goal in order to avoid losing (such as trailing in the remaining minute or two of a game)'''
::The 6 on 5 play advantage is very risky, as it is fairly certain that if the opposing team gets control of the puck they will be able to [[Empty net goal|score on the empty net]]. Sometimes if a team is trailing in the last minutes of regulation, and has a power play advantage, they may pull the goaltender for a 6 on 4 or even 6 on 3 advantage.
:3. '''In the last few seconds of a period with a faceoff in the attacking zone'''
::Because the defending team would likely not have enough time to start an attack even if they win the faceoff, the attacking team may pull the goalie to have a short man advantage.
:4. '''In a tournament that takes goal differential into account, a team may pull the goalie with a significant amount of time left in an effort to create a more advantageous goal differential.'''
::If the team could be eliminated even if they win but could still advance with a loss based on goal differential, the team may decide it has nothing to lose by trying to score with a man advantage, similar to the second situation.
A goal scored in an empty net situation is not recorded as a shot faced or goal against on the personal stats of the goaltender who has left the ice.

===Back-up goaltender===
In professional ice hockey, the back-up goaltender fills an important team role. Although the back-up will spend most games sitting on the bench, the back-up must be prepared to play every game. A back-up may be forced into duty at any time to relieve the starting goaltender in the event of an injury or poor game performance. The back-up will also be called upon to start some games to give the starter the opportunity to rest from game-play during the [[Season (sports)|season]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sportsnet.ca/hockey/nhl/top-five-nhl-backup-goalies/|title=Net worth: Top 5 NHL backup goalies|author=Rogers Digital Media|work=Sportsnet.ca|access-date=June 16, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924134704/http://www.sportsnet.ca/hockey/nhl/top-five-nhl-backup-goalies/|archive-date=September 24, 2015|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

Most professional leagues require each home team to maintain a list of local non-professional goaltenders, available to either team, who can be used in the exceptional case that one or both of a team's normal goaltenders are injured or unavailable (such as a player acquired in a trade or minor league call-up arriving late on short notice); such a goaltender who fulfills that role is known as an '''emergency back-up goaltender''' (EBUG).<ref name="emergency">{{Cite news |url = https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/07/sports/hockey/nhls-emergency-goalies-are-ready-to-answer-the-call.html |title = N.H.L.'s Emergency Goalies Are Ready to Answer the Call |agency = Associated Press |date = January 7, 2017 |work = The New York Times |access-date = March 30, 2018 |language = en-US |issn = 0362-4331 |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180330043741/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/07/sports/hockey/nhls-emergency-goalies-are-ready-to-answer-the-call.html |archive-date = March 30, 2018 |df = mdy-all }}</ref><ref name="emgnhl">{{cite web|url=https://www.nhl.com/news/nhls-emergency-goalies-live-on-edge/c-278299936|publisher=NHL.com|title=NHL's emergency goalies live on edge|date=February 5, 2016|first=Kevin|last=Woodley}}</ref> Similar rules are in place for the [[Minor league#Ice Hockey|NHL's minor leagues]], where emergency goaltenders are used much more frequently.<ref name="emgnhl"/> Those on a team's emergency list are given free attendance to home games they are assigned and may also help out as a practice goalie.<ref name="emgnhl"/> Emergency goalies are often called from nearby [[College ice hockey|college teams]], adult semi-pro/amateur leagues, or the home team's own coaching/facilities staff.<ref name="emergency"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HubXdsr3c9M|title=NHL: Emergency Goalies|date=August 12, 2017 |accessdate=January 29, 2024|via=www.youtube.com}}</ref> If activated for a game, most emergency goaltenders only dress to sit on the bench, as a team's normal back-up takes over; only six emergency goalies ([[David Ayres]], [[Scott Foster (ice hockey)|Scott Foster]], [[Jorge Alves (ice hockey)|Jorge Alves]], [[Tom Hodges (ice hockey)|Thomas Hodges]], [[Matt Berlin]], [[Jett Alexander]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nhl.com/ducks/news/ducks-end-season-finale-with-emergency-backup-goalie-fall-4-2-to-stars/c-333601038|title=Ducks End Season Finale with Emergency Backup Goalie in 4-2 Loss to Stars|date=November 26, 2023 }}</ref> have ever seen recorded playing time in an NHL game. Emergency goalies who are activated sign either an [[Hockey contracts|amateur or professional tryout contract]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/nhl/2020/02/23/david-ayres-hurricanes-emergency-goalie/4849645002/|title = Meet David Ayres, the Hurricanes' emergency goalie. He is a Zamboni driver who will practice with Maple Leafs|website = [[USA Today]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|number=1231396888563322881|user=frank_seravalli|title=Pay for David Ayres tonight: $500 and...|date=February 23, 2020}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+Incidents of Activated EBUGs in the NHL
!Emergency Back-up Goalie
!Team
!Date
!Opponent
!{{Abbr|W|Wins}}
!{{Abbr|L|Losses}}
!{{Abbr|OTL|Overtime losses}}
!{{Abbr|TOI|Time on ice}}
!{{Abbr|SA|Shots against}}
!{{Abbr|GA|Goals against}}
![[Goals against average|GAA]]
![[save percentage|SV%]]
|-
|[[Jett Alexander]]
|[[Toronto Maple Leafs]]
|April 8, 2023
|[[Montreal Canadiens]]
|0
|0
|0
|01:10
|0
|0
|0.00
|1.000
|-
|[[Matt Berlin]]
|[[Edmonton Oilers]]
|January 23, 2023
|[[Chicago Blackhawks]]
|0
|0
|0
|02:26
|1
|0
|0.00
|1.000
|-
|[[Tom Hodges (ice hockey)|Tom Hodges]]
|[[Anaheim Ducks]]
|April 29, 2022
|[[Dallas Stars]]
|0
|1
|0
|19:06
|3
|1
|3.11
|.667
|-
|[[David Ayres]]
|[[Carolina Hurricanes]]
|February 22, 2020
|[[Toronto Maple Leafs]]
|1
|0
|0
|28:41
|10
|2
|4.18
|.800
|-
|[[Scott Foster (ice hockey)|Scott Foster]]
|[[Chicago Blackhawks]]
|March 29, 2018
|[[Winnipeg Jets]]
|0
|0
|0
|14:01
|7
|0
|0.00
|1.000
|-
|[[Jorge Alves (ice hockey)|Jorge Alves]]
|[[Carolina Hurricanes]]
|December 31, 2016
|[[Tampa Bay Lightning]]
|0
|0
|0
|00:07
|0
|0
|0.00
|1.000
|}
During the [[Stanley Cup playoffs]], roster limits are relaxed and teams routinely recall minor league players (known as "black aces") to act as depth, resulting in playoff EBUGs being minor league professionals rather than local amateurs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcsports.com/washington/capitals/what-black-ace|publisher=NBC Sports|title=What is a black ace?|first=Brian|last=Maclellan|date=June 22, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dkpittsburghsports.com/2020/06/11/hockey-nhl-black-aces-why-called-history-eddie-shore-extra-players-stanley-cup-playoffs-tlh|title=Primer: Understanding Black Aces|publisher=DK Pittsburgh Sports|first=Taylor|last=Haase|date=June 7, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ftw.usatoday.com/2022/05/nhl-playoffs-2022-carolina-hurricanes-boston-bruins-jack-lafontaine|title=Hurricanes EBUG Jack LaFontaine hilariously had to watch Game 2 alone from the equipment room|date=May 4, 2022|publisher=USA Today Sports|first=Robert|last=Zeglinski}}</ref>