Editing Goole (section)

== History ==
=== Etymology ===
Goole is first attested in 1306, as ''Gull Lewth'' (where ''lewth'' means 'barn', from [[Old Norse]] ''hlaða''), and then 1362 as ''Gulle in Houke''' (referring to the nearby, and then more significant, village of [[Hook, East Riding of Yorkshire|Hook]]). The name is first attested in its shorter, modern form, from the 1530s. It comes from the [[Middle English]] word ''goule'' (or an [[Old English]] ancestor), meaning 'a channel made by a stream'.<ref>''The Cambridge Dictionary of English Place-Names Based on the Collections of the English Place-Name Society'', ed. by Victor Watts (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004).</ref><ref>''Yorkshire Historical Dictionary'', s.v. [https://yorkshiredictionary.york.ac.uk/words/gull  gull].</ref> The word has sometimes been taken to imply that Goole is named after an open sewer, but there is no strong basis for this.<ref>{{cite news |date=16 March 2022 |title=Goole historian debunks town's open sewer name origin |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-humber-60767916|access-date=26 March 2022|work=BBC News}}</ref>  There were no sewers in the area in that etymological period but there were many land drains because of the flat terrain: cf.: "gully".

===Background===
The Dutch civil engineer [[Cornelius Vermuyden]] diverted the [[River Don, South Yorkshire|River Don]] northwards to the [[River Ouse, Yorkshire|River Ouse]] in 1626–1629 in order to drain the marshland of [[Hatfield Chase]] at the behest of [[Charles I of England|King Charles I]].<ref name=Porteous/> It made the new lower Don – known as the Dutch River – navigable for [[barge]]s so that [[coal]] from the [[South Yorkshire Coalfield]] could be transported to the new confluence for transfer to seagoing vessels. There the engineers built a new wooden bridge – rebuilt in iron in the 1890s and now known as the Dutch River Bridge – to the east of which a new village called 'Goole' formed.<ref name=Porteous>{{cite book|last=Porteous|first= J.&nbsp;D.|year=1969|title= The Company Town of Goole: An Essay in Urban Genesis|publisher= Hull University Press|pages =5–6}}</ref>

===Development===
[[File:Goole, The Lowther Hotel - geograph.org.uk - 157238.jpg|thumb|right|The ''Lowther Hotel'', reputedly the first building constructed in New Goole in 1824, opened as the ''Banks Arms Hotel'', named after [[Edward Banks (builder)|Sir Edward Banks]] a contractor for the [[Aire and Calder Navigation]] company.]]
{{main|Port of Goole}}
In the 1820s the [[Aire and Calder Navigation]] company proposed development of a new canal to transport coal from the existing broad canal from [[Knottingley]] in the northern sector of the coalfield in 1826. Once it reached Goole the company proposed development of a new [[floating dock (impounded)|floating dock]] capable of handling larger sea-going vessels. Chief engineer Thomas Hamond Bartholomew was instructed to build the canal, docks and an associated company town to house both the dock workers and visiting seamen.<ref name=Porteous/> Bartholomew commissioned civil engineer and builder [[Edward Banks (builder)|Sir Edward Banks]] company to construct part of the canal and the eight [[transshipment]] docks and to lay out the associated new town to the west of the existing wooden bridge.  The Banks Arms Hotel on Aire Street – today known as the Lowther Hotel – was in 1824 the first building constructed in what was known as New Goole; ''The Macintosh Arms'' [[public house]] on the same street took its name from engineer [[Hugh McIntosh (civil engineer)|Hugh Macintosh]].<ref name=Porteous/>

When Goole port opened on 20 July 1826 it was a new community of about 450 people.<ref name=Porteous/> Now it is a town with about 18,000 inhabitants.<ref>{{cite book|first1=H. |last1=Tolley |first2=K. |last2=Orrell |year=1978|title= Yorkshire |edition =third |isbn=0-521-21918-3}}</ref>
[[File:TomPuddingHoist.jpg|thumb|left|A [[Tom Pudding]] hoist in Goole docks]]
[[William Hamond Bartholomew]] succeeded his father T. H. Bartholomew in 1853 and in 1863 introduced the [[Tom Pudding]] system of compartment boats, which could carry around {{convert|40|LT|kg}} of coal. On reaching the docks the barges were lifted by large hoists, from which they could be discharged direct into seagoing ships, a system so successful that it competed against rail until 1985.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.goole-on-the-web.org.uk/vol1/tom-puddings.html|title=Tom Puddings|publisher= Goole on the Web|access-date=23 January 2013}}</ref>