Editing Gothic Revival architecture (section)

==Roots==
The rise of [[evangelicalism]] in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries saw in England a reaction in the [[high church]] movement which sought to emphasise the continuity between the established church and the pre-[[Reformation]] Catholic church.{{sfn|Curl|1990|pp=14–15}} Architecture, in the form of the Gothic Revival, became one of the main weapons in the high church's armoury. The Gothic Revival was also paralleled and supported by "[[medievalism]]", which had its roots in [[antiquarian]] concerns with survivals and curiosities. As "[[industrialisation]]" progressed, a reaction against machine production and the appearance of factories also grew. Proponents of the picturesque such as [[Thomas Carlyle]] and [[Augustus Pugin]] took a critical view of industrial society and portrayed pre-industrial medieval society as a golden age. To Pugin, Gothic architecture was infused with the Christian values that had been supplanted by [[classicism]] and were being destroyed by [[industrialisation]].<ref name="artscrafts.org.uk">{{Cite web |url=http://www.artscrafts.org.uk/roots/pugin.html |title=Pugin and the Gothic Revival |access-date=12 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006203642/http://www.artscrafts.org.uk/roots/pugin.html |archive-date=6 October 2007 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

Gothic Revival also took on political connotations, with the "rational" and "radical" Neoclassical style being seen as associated with [[republicanism]] and [[liberalism]] (as evidenced by its use in the United States and to a lesser extent in [[French Revolution|Republican]] France). In contrast, the more spiritual and traditional Gothic Revival became associated with [[monarchism]] and [[conservatism]], which was reflected by the choice of styles for the rebuilt government centres of the British Parliament's [[Palace of Westminster]] in London, the Canadian [[Parliament Hill|Parliament Buildings]] in [[Ottawa]] and the [[Hungarian Parliament Building]] in Budapest.{{sfn|Cooke|1987|p=383}}

In English literature, the architectural Gothic Revival and classical [[Romanticism]] gave rise to the [[Gothic novel]] genre, beginning with ''[[The Castle of Otranto]]'' (1764) by [[Horace Walpole]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/gothic-novel-the-castle-of-otranto-by-horace-walpole|title=The Castle of Otranto: Collection items|publisher=[[British Library]]|access-date=20 August 2023|archive-date=24 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424121056/https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/gothic-novel-the-castle-of-otranto-by-horace-walpole|url-status=dead}}</ref> and inspired a 19th-century genre of medieval poetry that stems from the pseudo-[[bardic poetry]] of "[[Ossian]]". Poems such as "[[Idylls of the King]]" by [[Alfred, Lord Tennyson]] recast specifically modern themes in medieval settings of [[King Arthur|Arthurian]] romance. In [[German literature]], the Gothic Revival also had a grounding in literary fashions.{{sfn|Robson Scott|1965|p=unknown}}