Editing Great Learning (section)

==Writing and influence==
[[File:CADAL06043760 大學.djvu|thumb|page=17|217px|A page from a ''Siku Quanshu'' manuscript of the ''Great Learning'' from the Zhejiang University]]
[[File:CADAL06043760 大學.djvu|thumb|page=27|217px|Another page from a ''Siku Quanshu'' manuscript of the ''Great Learning'']]
[[Confucius]], who incorporated ideas from earlier philosophers, compiled or edited the ''[[Classic of Rites]]'' and the ''[[Spring and Autumn Annals]]'', two of the [[Five Classics]]. Confucius' student Zengzi wrote the introduction and exposition of the ''Great Learning''. Zengzi lived from 505 to 436 BCE. Confucius taught 100 pupils, 72 of whom mastered his teachings . It is still unclear how much his students wrote and edited.{{citation needed|date=December 2017}}

The ''Great Learning'' developed from many authors adapting to the needs and beliefs of the community at the time. The [[Cheng brothers]], [[Cheng Yi (philosopher)|Yi]] (1033–1107) and [[Cheng Hao|Hao]] (1032–1085) both utilized the ''Great Learning's'' philosophies. Their ideas met with strong official opposition, but were reconstituted by [[Zhu Xi]]. Cheng's idea of ''[[Yi (Confucianism)|yi]]'' was that it was identical with nature, which he believed was essentially good. Cheng's ''yi'' emphasized the necessity of acquiring knowledge.<ref>De Bary, Theodore, et al. ''Sources of Chinese Tradition: From Earliest Times to 1600 Columbia'' University Press, 2000.</ref>

During the [[Southern Song Dynasty]], Zhu Xi rearranged the ''Great Learning'' and included it in the Four Books, along with the ''[[Doctrine of the Mean]]'', the ''[[Analects]]'' of Confucius and the ''[[Mencius (book)|Mencius]]''. Zhu Xi separated the ''Great Learning'', which was originally a chapter in the ''Classic of Rites''.<ref>Wertz, Richard. 2008. "[http://www.ibiblio.org/chinesehistory/contents/02cul/c02s04.html Chinese Classic Texts]".</ref> Zhu Xi organized the book as Jing followed by ten expositions. Zhu Xi was a student of Li Tong. Zhu Xi developed the Chengs' Confucian ideas and drew from [[Chan Buddhism]] and [[Daoism]]. He adapted some ideas from these competing religions into his form of Confucianism.<ref name=":0" />

[[Li Ao (philosopher)|Li Ao]], a scholar, poet, and official, used and brought attention to the ''Great Learning''. After the Song and Yuan Dynasties, The ''Great Learning'' became a required textbook in schools and a required reading for imperial examinations.<ref name=":0">{{Citation|last=Thompson|first=Kirill|title=Zhu Xi|date=Sep 3, 2015|url=https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2021/entries/zhu-xi/|encyclopedia=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy|editor-last=Zalta|editor-first=Edward N.|publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University|access-date=2021-09-20}}</ref> During the Warring States [[Xun Kuang|Xunzi]] and [[Mencius|Mengzi]] were influenced by the ''Great Learning''. The ''Great Learning'' also greatly influenced countries like Japan and Korea.<ref>{{Citation|last=Tucker|first=John|title=Japanese Confucian Philosophy|date=Feb 18, 2018|url=https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2018/entries/japanese-confucian/|encyclopedia=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy|editor-last=Zalta|editor-first=Edward N.|edition=Spring 2018|publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University|access-date=2021-09-20}}</ref><ref>[https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/confucianism-korea "Confucianism in Korea ."] Encyclopedia of Religion. . ''Encyclopedia.com.'' 8 Sep. 2021</ref>

Such critics such as [[Lu Xiangshan]] and [[Wang Yangming]] later disliked the ''Great Learning'' because of the stress on scholarship rather than action. Wang Yangming rejected Zhu Xi's changes and returned the text to the original, from the ''Classic of Rites''. During the Han dynasty the ''Great Learning'' rose to prominence, and the ''Classic of Rites'' had to be re-organized by [[Dai De]] and [[Dai Sheng]].<ref>{{cite book|url=http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Index:Sacred_Books_of_the_East_-_Volume_3.djvu|title=The Sacred Books of China|publisher=Clarendon Press|others=Trans. [[James Legge]]|year=1879|editor-last=Müller|editor-first=Max|editor-link=Max Müller|series=The Sacred Books of the East|volume=3|location=Oxford|pages=xviii–xix|chapter=Preface|access-date=2011-05-31}}</ref> They divided the book into five sections. This included the ''Great Learning'', the Doctrine of the Mean, the Evolution of Rites, the ''[[Yili (text)|Yili]]'', and the "Etiquette and Rites".{{citation needed|date=December 2017}}

[[Han Yu]] and Li Ao both used The ''Great Learning''. Li Ao incorporated a lot of Buddhist and Taoist ideas into his work. [[Zi Si]]{{spaced ndash}}Confucius's grandson{{spaced ndash}}is said to have taught Mencius and written the Doctrine of the Mean. He may also have written the beginning of the ''Great Learning''. [[Ma Rong]] edited the ''Great Learning'' in the Han dynasty, giving his views of the general meaning.<ref>Zisi.</ref>