Editing Greyhawk (section)

==Setting==
The World of Greyhawk is located on a planet called ''Oerth.''<ref>[[Anne Brown (game designer)|Brown, Anne]]. ''Player's Guide to Greyhawk''. Renton, Washington: Wizards of the Coast, Inc., 1998. Page 5.</ref><ref name="Miz">{{Cite book |last=Mizer, Nicholas J. |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1129162802 |title=Tabletop role-playing games and the experience of imagined worlds |date=22 November 2019 |isbn=978-3-030-29127-3 |location=Cham, Switzerland |page=135 |oclc=1129162802}}</ref> Oerth has an [[axial tilt]] of 30 degrees, which causes greater seasonal temperature variation than on Earth and is controlled by wizardly and divine magic that shifts weather patterns to be more favorable to the populace. [[Castle Greyhawk]] was the most famous dungeon in Oerth, the home [[Campaign (role-playing games)|campaign]] world of Gary Gygax.<ref name="designers" />{{rp|25}} Players in the earliest days of this campaign mostly stayed within Castle Greyhawk's dungeons, but Gygax envisioned the rest of his world as a sort of parallel Earth, and the original Oerth (pronounced 'Oith', as with a Brooklyn accent) looked much like the real-world Earth but filled with imaginary cities and countries.<ref name="designers" />{{rp|24}} Several years later, when [[TSR (company)|TSR]] produced the original ''[[World of Greyhawk Fantasy Game Setting|World of Greyhawk]]'' folio (1980), Gygax was asked to produce a map of the world and decided to create something new which still featured many of the locales from his original world of Oerth but with new geography.<ref name="designers" />{{rp|24}} Gygax also connected [[Dave Arneson]]'s [[Blackmoor (campaign setting)|Blackmoor]] to his world by including a country by that name in Oerth.<ref name="designers" />{{rp|388}} In his later novel ''Dance of Demons'' (1988), Gygax destroyed Greyhawk's Oerth and replaced it with a new fantasy world of Yarth.<ref name="designers" />{{rp|239}}

The ''Flanaess'' is the eastern part of the continent of Oerik, one of the four continents of Oerth, acting as the setting of dozens of adventures published between the 1970s and 2000s. In late 1972, [[Dave Arneson]] demonstrated a new type of game to a group of gamers in Lake Geneva, Wisconsin, including game designer Gygax. Gygax agreed to develop a set of rules with Arneson and get the game published; the game eventually became known as ''Dungeons & Dragons''. Gygax designed a set of dungeons underneath the ruins of Castle Greyhawk as a testing ground for new rules, character classes and spells. In those early days, there was no Flanaess; the world map of Oerth was developed by Gygax as circumstances dictated, the new cities and lands simply drawn over a map of North America. Gygax and Kuntz further developed this campaign setting, and by 1976, the lands within a radius of 50 miles had been mapped in depth, and the lands within a radius of approximately 500 miles were in outline form.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Gygax |first=Gary |author-link=Gary Gygax |date=October 1976 |title=Letter from Gary Gygax |journal=[[Alarums and Excursions]] |publisher=[[Lee Gold]] |issue=15 |pages=5–7}}</ref> 

Following yet more work, in 1978 Gygax agreed to publish his world and decided to redevelop Oerth from scratch. Once he had sketched out the entire planet to his satisfaction,<ref>Q: "In Dragon 315, Jim Ward talks about the origins of the Greyhawk setting, and is quoted as having said: 'He [Gygax] had the whole world mapped out'. Does this mean you have material about the rest of Oerth hidden in your basement?" Gygax: "Yes, I had a sketch map of the remainder of the globe..." {{cite web |date=2005-06-21 |title=Gary Gygax: Q & A (Part IX, Page 33) |url=http://www.enworld.org/forum/archive-threads/125997-gary-gygax-q-part-ix-33.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615025825/http://www.enworld.org/forum/archive-threads/125997-gary-gygax-q-part-ix-33.html |archive-date=2011-06-15 |access-date=2009-03-15 |publisher=EN World}}</ref><ref>Gygax: "The exact form of the remainder of the globe was not settled upon. I wanted an Atlantis-like continent, and possibly a Lemurian-type one. Likely two large continents would have been added. The nearest would house cultures akin to the Indian, Burmese, Indonesian, Chinese, Tibetan, and Japanese. Another would likely have been the location of African-type cultures, including the Egyptian. A Lemurian culture would have been based on the Central and South American cultures of the Aztec-Mayay-Inca sort".{{cite web |date=2003-04-06 |title=Gary Gygax: Q & A (Part II, Page 19) |url=http://www.enworld.org/forum/archive-threads/38912-q-gary-gygax-continuation-thread-part-ii-19.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615030108/http://www.enworld.org/forum/archive-threads/38912-q-gary-gygax-continuation-thread-part-ii-19.html |archive-date=2011-06-15 |access-date=2009-03-15 |publisher=EN World}}</ref> one hemisphere of Oerth was dominated by a massive continent called Oerik. Gygax decided to concentrate his first efforts on the continent of Oerik and asked TSR's printing house about the maximum size of paper they could handle; the answer was 34 x 22 inches (86&nbsp;cm x 56&nbsp;cm). He found that, using the scale he desired, he could fit only the northeast corner of Oerik on two of the sheets.<ref>Gygax: "When I was asked to create a campaign setting for TSR to market, I did a new and compact "world"—that only in part, of course, as that was all I could fit onto the two maps allowed. So that became the World of Greyhawk". {{cite web |date=2002-09-06 |title=Gary Gygax: Q & A (Part I, Page 8) |url=http://www.enworld.org/forum/archive-threads/22566-q-gary-gygax-part-i-8.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615030234/http://www.enworld.org/forum/archive-threads/22566-q-gary-gygax-part-i-8.html |archive-date=2011-06-15 |access-date=2009-03-15 |publisher=EN World}}</ref><ref>Gygax: "I found out the maximum map size TSR could produce, got the go-ahead for two maps of that size, then sat down for a couple of weeks and hand-drew the whole thing. After the maps were done and the features shown were named, I wrote up brief information of the features and states. Much of the information was drawn from my own personal world, but altered to fit the new one depicted on the maps".{{cite web |date=2003-11-05 |title=Gary Gygax: Q & A (Part IV, Page 11) |url=http://www.enworld.org/forum/archive-threads/57832-gary-gygax-q-part-iv-11.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615024329/http://www.enworld.org/forum/archive-threads/57832-gary-gygax-q-part-iv-11.html |archive-date=2011-06-15 |access-date=2009-03-15 |publisher=EN World}}</ref> This corner of Oerik became known as "the Flanaess", so named in Gygax's mind because of the peaceful people known as the Flannae who had once lived there. Gygax also added many more new regions, countries and cities, bringing the number of political states to 60.

Needing original placenames for all of the geographical and political places on his map, Gygax sometimes resorted to wordplay based on the names of friends and acquaintances. For instance, Perrenland was named after [[Jeff Perren]], who co-wrote the rules for ''Chainmail'' with Gygax; Urnst was a homophone of Ernst (his son Ernie); and Sunndi was a near-homophone of Cindy, another of Gygax's children.<ref name="Revised Greyhawk Index">{{cite web |title=Revised Greyhawk Index |url=http://www.greyhawkonline.com/canonfire/gh_index.rtf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711130255/http://www.greyhawkonline.com/canonfire/gh_index.rtf |archive-date=2011-07-11 |access-date=2009-03-29 |publisher=TSR}}</ref>

From Gygax's prototype map, [[Darlene Pekul]], a freelance artist in Lake Geneva,<ref>{{cite web |title=Interview: Darlene |date=20 June 2009 |url=http://grognardia.blogspot.com/2009/06/interview-darlene.html |access-date=2009-06-23 |publisher=Grognardia}}</ref> developed a full color map on a hex grid. Gygax was so pleased with the result that he quickly switched his home Greyhawk campaign over to the new world he had created.<ref>Gygax: "Of course as my campaign world was active, had many players, I did not wish to detail it [for the general public], so I created Oerth, the continent of Oerik, and all that went with it for general use by other DMs. I found I liked it so well that I switched my group's play to the World of Greyhawk soon after I had finished the maps and manuscript". {{cite web |date=2006-06-04 |title=Gary Gygax: Q & A (Part X, Page 11) |url=http://www.enworld.org/forum/archive-threads/161566-gary-gygax-q-part-x-11.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615030720/http://www.enworld.org/forum/archive-threads/161566-gary-gygax-q-part-x-11.html |archive-date=2011-06-15 |access-date=2009-03-15 |publisher=EN World}}</ref> Ultimately, the original Castle Greyhawk was never published for public play, instead with many of the elements of Gygax's original campaign becoming the seed for other adventures.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=2020-09-15 |title=Castle Greyhawk, the lost dungeon that kicked off Dungeons & Dragons, still inspires players today |url=https://www.syfy.com/syfy-wire/dungeons-dragons-castle-greyhawk-lost-dungeon |access-date=2022-08-25 |website=SYFY Official Site |language=en-US}}</ref>