Editing Ground proximity warning system (section)

==History==
{{main article|Terrain awareness and warning system#History}}
In the late 1960s, a series of [[controlled flight into terrain]] (CFIT) accidents took the lives of hundreds of people. A CFIT accident is one where a properly functioning airplane under the control of a fully qualified and certified crew is flown into terrain, water or obstacles with no apparent awareness on the part of the crew.<ref name="faa-historical-ac23-18">Note: Original text copied from U.S. FAA Circular AC23-18 [http://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgAdvisoryCircular.nsf/0/7CA84861D31651A5862569B2006DBCFE?OpenDocument] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201043615/http://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgAdvisoryCircular.nsf/0/7CA84861D31651A5862569B2006DBCFE?OpenDocument|date=December 1, 2017}}. As a work of the U.S. Government, there is no copyright on the work, and it may be freely copied, and is thus included here. Additional or reduced text and formatting, not included in the original, have been added here for clarity and emphasis.</ref>

Beginning in the early 1970s, a number of studies examined the occurrence of CFIT accidents.<ref name="faa-historical-ac23-18" /> Findings from these studies indicated that many such accidents could have been avoided if a warning device called a ground proximity warning system (GPWS) had been used.  As a result of these studies and recommendations from the [[National Transportation Safety Board|U.S. National Transportation Safety Board]] (NTSB), in 1974, the FAA required all large turbine and turbojet airplanes to install [[Technical Standard Order|TSO]]-approved GPWS equipment.<ref name="faa-historical-ac23-18" /><ref>(§§ 121.360 and 135.153) (39 FR 44439, December 18, 1974)</ref>

The UN [[International Civil Aviation Organization]] (ICAO), recommended the installation of GPWS in 1979.<ref>[http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1999/1999%20-%201940.html Personality ''Flight'' Aerospace Industry Awards 1999]</ref>

[[C. Donald Bateman]], a Canadian-born engineer, developed and is credited with the invention of GPWS.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.invent.org/hall_of_fame/231.html |title=Invent Now &#124; Hall of Fame &#124; Search &#124; Inventor Profile |publisher=Invent.org |access-date=October 17, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927041453/http://www.invent.org/hall_of_fame/231.html |archive-date=September 27, 2011 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

In March 2000, the U.S. [[Federal Aviation Administration|FAA]] amended operating rules to require that all U.S. registered turbine-powered airplanes with six or more passenger seats (exclusive of pilot and copilot seating) be equipped with an FAA-approved TAWS.<ref name="faa-historical-ac23-18" /> The mandate affects aircraft manufactured after March 29, 2002.<ref name="FAR">{{cite web |url=http://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library%5CrgFAR.nsf/0/465764AB441B0864862568C8006451A9?OpenDocument |title=Sec. 121.354 – Terrain awareness and warning system |access-date=April 29, 2007 |publisher=[[Federal Aviation Administration]] |archive-date=December 8, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161208151802/http://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library%5CrgFAR.nsf/0/465764AB441B0864862568C8006451A9?OpenDocument |url-status=dead }}</ref>