Editing Gustav Hugo (section)

==Biography==
Hugo was born at [[Lörrach]] in [[Baden, Germany|Baden]]. From the gymnasium at [[Karlsruhe]], he passed in 1782 to the [[University of Göttingen]], where he studied law for three years. Having received the appointment of tutor to the [[Leopold I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau|prince of Anhalt-Dessau]], he took his doctor's degree at the [[University of Halle]] in 1788. Recalled in the same year to Göttingen as extraordinary professor of [[law]], he became a full professor in 1792. In the preface to his ''Beiträge zur civilistischen Bucherkenntniss der letzten vierzig Jahre'' (1828–1829), he gives a sketch of the condition of the civil law teaching at Göttingen at that time.

The [[Roman law|Roman]] and German elements of the existing law were, without criticism or differentiation, welded into an ostensible whole for practical needs, with the result that it was difficult to say whether historical truth or practical ends were most prejudiced. As it was passed from person to person, new errors crept in, and even the best of teachers could not escape from the false method which had become traditional. These were the evils which Hugo set himself to combat, and he became the founder of the [[German Historical School]] of [[jurisprudence]] which was continued and further developed by [[Friedrich Carl von Savigny|Savigny]]. His magna opera are the ''Lehrbuch eines civilistischen Cursus'' (7 vols., 1792–1821), in which his method is thoroughly worked out, and ''Civilistisches Magazin'' (6 vols., 1790–1837).

Hugo was criticized, and ridiculed, by [[Karl Marx]] in the ''[[Rheinische Zeitung]]'' as a founder of the historical school and for justifying the "law of arbitrary power", among other things.