Editing HEC Paris (section)

==History==
[[File:HEC Paris entrée.JPG|thumb|Campus main entrance, in [[Jouy-en-Josas]], [[Essonne]].]]
Founded in 1881 by [[Gustave Emmanuel Roy]], president of the [[Paris Chamber of Commerce]] (CCIP), with 57 students in its first class, the ''École des hautes études commerciales de Paris'' (HEC) aimed to be in the fields of management and commerce what the ''[[Centrale Paris|École Centrale de Paris]]'' was in the field of engineering.

In 1921, the school introduced the [[Case study|case-based method]] of the [[Harvard Business School]], but most of the lectures remained theoretical. In 1938, the HEC program was lengthened to 3 years.

Due to French corporations' demand for North-American-style management education, at the end of the 1950s, the case-based method was generalized and a one-year ''[[Classe préparatoire aux grandes écoles|classe préparatoire]]'' was created to prepare for the entrance examination, which had become more difficult. As a result, only 9% of HEC students had attended university in 1959, whereas 47% had done so in 1929.

In 1964, French President [[Charles de Gaulle]] inaugurated a new {{convert|250|acre|km2|adj=on}} wooded campus in [[Jouy-en-Josas]]. In 1967, HEC launched its executive education programs. Women have been accepted at HEC since 1973. Only 27 women were accepted that year and ''[[HEC jeunes filles]]'' (HECJF), another school dedicated to women, was closed. Its alumnae are officially considered graduates of HEC, and include [[Édith Cresson]], the first female [[Prime Minister of France]].

The doctoral course was established in 1975 but until 1985 doctoral students had to complete their thesis at the university. In 1985 the HEC obtained the right to award the [[Doctor (title)|title of doctor]], before [[ESSEC Business School|ESSEC]] (2010)<ref>[http://www.letudiant.fr/educpros/actualite/indiscret-lessec-va-bientot-pouvoir-delivrer-des-doctorats.html Indiscret. L’Essec va bientôt pouvoir délivrer des doctorats]</ref> and [[ESCP Business School|ESCP]] (2012).<ref>[https://www.mondedesgrandesecoles.fr/habilitation-de-esc-europe-a-delivrer-le-diplome-de-doctorat/ Habilitation de ESC Europe à délivrer le diplôme de doctorat]</ref>

The school has developed professorships financed by companies ([[Deloitte]], [[Électricité de France|EDF]], [[Toshiba]] and others) to multiply links between HEC and companies. The HEC Foundation, founded in 1972, has the specific aim of developing these connections and the financing of the school by companies.<ref>[https://www.hec.edu/sites/default/files/documents/Rapport%20Activite%202023%20-%20Fondation%20HEC%20-%20web%20avec%20link.pdf Rapport annuel 2023]</ref>

Ties with businesses were strengthened in the 1990s and this led to greater specialization, with the establishment of finance and entrepreneurship courses in 1986. As a consequence of the ''[[Big Bang (financial markets)|financial Big Bang]]'' and the explosion of the [[City of London|City]], more and more graduates went to work in England and, in general, abroad. In 2006, a third found their first job abroad. In 2015 the school adopted a new legal statute to allow private investors to join the board of directors.<ref>[https://www.lemonde.fr/education/article/2012/11/30/hec-attend-un-nouveau-statut-inedit-pour-2013_1798611_1473685.html HEC attend un nouveau statut "inédit" pour 2013]</ref>

In 1988, HEC founded the [[CEMS - Global Alliance in Management Education|CEMS]] network with [[ESADE]], [[Bocconi University]] and the [[Cologne University|University of Cologne]].

On 1 July 2008, HEC Paris joined [[ParisTech]] and then [[Paris-Saclay University]] as a founding member. The university campus of Jouy-en-Josas, in the [[Yvelines]] department, is located in the northern part of the technological cluster of [[Paris-Saclay]], which brings together a quarter of French public research. HEC Paris is part of the network of graduate schools of business (ESC) in the Paris Île-de-France area, together with ESSEC and ESCP Business School.

In 2016, the school adopted a new legal status and became a public-private partnership (''École consulaire'' or EESC), largely financed by the public [[Paris Chamber of Commerce|Chamber of Commerce in Paris]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Who We Are |url=https://www.hec.edu/en/overview/who-we-are#governance |publisher=HEC |access-date=22 January 2022}}</ref>

In 2017, HEC launched a portfolio of new dual degree programs called M2M with the [[Yale School of Management]], the [[Hong Kong University of Science and Technology]], and [[Fundação Getulio Vargas]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hec.edu/Masters-programs/Communication/Landing-Pages/M2M-Programs|title=M2M Programs|last=HEC|website=HEC Paris|access-date=18 January 2019}}</ref>

The same year in March,<ref>[https://www.lemonde.fr/campus/article/2017/03/29/hec-lance-un-programme-diplomant-100-en-ligne_5102642_4401467.html HEC lance un programme diplômant 100 % en ligne]</ref> the school launched the Executive Master in innovation & entrepreneurship program in collaboration with [[Coursera]].<ref>[https://www.coursera.org/degrees/omie Executive MSc & MSc in Innovation and Entrepreneurship]</ref><ref>[https://www.letudiant.fr/educpros/actualite/exclusif-hec-se-lance-dans-diplome-100-ligne.html Exclusif. HEC se lance dans un diplôme... 100 % en ligne]</ref>

On 15 September 2020, the school co-founded with the [[Polytechnic Institute of Paris]]<ref>[https://www.forbes.fr/technologie/hiparis-linstitut-polytechnique-de-paris-et-hec-paris-affiche-leur-ambition-dans-lia/ Hi!Paris, L’Institut Polytechnique De Paris Et HEC Paris Affichent Leur Ambition Dans L’IA]</ref> the [[artificial intelligence]] research center [[Hi! PARIS]].<ref>[https://www.actuia.com/actualite/__trashed-2/ Zoom sur Hi! PARIS, le centre consacré à l’IA et aux Sciences des données de l’Institut Polytechnique de Paris et HEC Paris]</ref><ref>[https://www.usinenouvelle.com/editorial/hec-et-polytechnique-lancent-le-centre-pluridisciplinaire-hi-paris-pour-devenir-champion-de-la-recherche-en-ia.N1005034 HEC et Polytechnique lancent le centre pluridisciplinaire Hi! Paris pour devenir champions de la recherche en IA]</ref>

In October 2023 the school announced the creation of a [[Bachelor of Arts]] in data, society and organisations in collaboration with [[Bocconi University]] in Milan.<ref>[https://www.lesechos.fr/politique-societe/societe/hec-paris-se-lance-dans-la-bataille-du-bachelor-1985942 HEC Paris se lance dans la bataille du bachelor]</ref><ref>[https://www.challenges.fr/grandes-ecoles/hec-cree-son-bachelor-et-fait-chavirer-la-derniere-digue-qui-protegeait-le-modele-prepa_869333 HEC crée son bachelor et fait chavirer la dernière digue qui protégeait le modèle prépa]</ref><ref>[https://etudiant.lefigaro.fr/article/etudes/hec-lance-son-premier-bachelor-en-partenariat-avec-la-bocconi-20231003/ HEC lance son premier Bachelor en partenariat avec la Bocconi]</ref>