Editing Halmahera (section)

==History==
[[File:Natives of Halmahera Island.jpg|left|upright|thumb|A [[Togutil people|Togutil]] man of Halmahera island]]

Sparsely-populated Halmahera's fortunes have long been closely tied to those of the smaller islands of [[Ternate]] and [[Tidore]], both off its west coast. This island was the site of [[Sultanate of Jailolo]], one of the four kingdoms of Maluku (''Maloko Kië Raha'', of [[Sultanate of Ternate|Ternate]], [[Sultanate of Tidore|Tidore]], [[Sultanate of Bacan|Bacan]], and Jailolo) in the era before [[Dutch East India Company]] [[colonialism|colonized]] the entire archipelago. The north of the island is also the base of [[Loloda Kingdom]], one of the earlier 13th century Moluccan kingdom, but not recognized as one of the prominent four.<ref name="Handoko">{{cite journal|last=Handoko|first=Wuri|date=2017|title=Kerajaan Loloda: Melacak Jejak Arkeologi Dan Sejarah|url=https://kapata-arkeologi.kemdikbud.go.id/index.php/kapata/article/view/423/325|journal=Kapata Arkeologi|volume=13|issue=2|pages=179–194|doi=10.24832/kapata.v13i2.423 |issn=2503-0876|lang=id|ref={{sfnref|Handoko, Wuri|(2017)}}|doi-access=free}}</ref>

During [[World War II]], Halmahera was the site of a [[Empire of Japan|Japanese]] naval base at [[Kao, Indonesia|Kao]] Bay.

In 1999 and 2000, Halmahera was the site of violence that began as a purely ethnic dispute between residents of (mainly Christian) [[Kao, Indonesia|Kao]] and (entirely Muslim) [[List of districts of North Maluku|Malifut]] sub-districts and then took on a religious nature as it spread through much of the North Moluccas, called the [[Maluku sectarian conflict]]. Thousands of people on Halmahera were killed in the fighting between religious militias. In June 2000, about five hundred people were killed when a [[ferry]] carrying [[refugee]]s from the fighting on Halmahera sank off the northeast tip of [[Sulawesi]] island. Conspiracy theories about this event abound. A memorial to this tragedy can be found in Duma village in North Halmahera district.

Today, much transportation to the rest of Indonesia is through connections on the provincial capital, [[Ternate]] island although [[Tobelo]], the largest town on Halmahera, also has direct ferry and cargo sea links to [[Surabaya]] and [[Manado]].{{citation needed|date=December 2010}}

Particularly, since the inauguration of the first ever directly elected [[Bupati]] (Regent or District Head), Tobelo is undergoing rapid development and is aiming at rivaling Ternate's historical dominance.{{citation needed|date=December 2010}} As it is surrounded by flat land, Tobelo has the potential for expansion.{{citation needed|date=April 2015}} Ternate is limited by its size, being a small island which can be driven around in forty-five minutes. Also, in 2010, the provincial government has moved the provincial capital from Ternate City to [[Sofifi]], a small village on the Halmahera coast opposite [[Tidore]] island.

North Maluku Province consists of eight regencies and two municipalities (cities); five of the regencies and one municipality include a part of Halmahera island. The regencies are [[North Halmahera]], [[West Halmahera]], [[East Halmahera Regency|East Halmahera]], [[Central Halmahera Regency|Central Halmahera]], [[South Halmahera Regency|South Halmahera]], [[Morotai]], [[Sula Islands]] and [[Taliabu]], while the municipalities are [[Ternate]] and [[Tidore|Tidore Islands]]. Only Ternate Municipality, and Morotai, the Sula Islands and Taliabu regencies do not include any part of Halmahera.

The coastal area of Halmahera inhabited by the [[Tobelo people]] (or the ''O’Hoberera Manyawa'' (literally "people that live outside of the forest")),<ref name="ppman">{{cite web | title=Mengenal O'Hongana Manyawa di Hutan Halmahera yang 'Dikepung' Tambang Nikel | website=ppman | date=2024-03-23 | url=https://ppman.org/mengenal-ohongana-manyawa-di-hutan-halmahera-yang-dikepung-tambang-nikel/ | language=id | access-date=2024-06-12}}</ref> while a small semi-nomadic related population living on the inner parts of Halmahera, the number of [[Togutil people]] (or the ''O'Hongana Manyawa'' (literally "people that live inside of the forest")) is estimated between 1,500 and 3,000 people (according to studies of ethnologists since 2001).<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.academia.edu/68736748 | title=The Practice of Local Wisdom of Tobelo Dal a m ( Togutil ) Tribal Community in Forest Conservation in Halmahera, Indonesia | date=January 2014 | last1=Tamalene | first1=M. Nasir }}</ref>{{'}}<ref>https://www.academia.edu/1933038/Duncan_Christopher_R_2001_S avage_Imagery_Mis_Representations_of_the_Forest_Tobelo_of_Indonesia_The_Asia_Pacific_Journal_of_Anthropology_2_1_45_62</ref> From 300 to 500, (also an estimatation), live in isolation in the forest in the [[Aketajawe-Lolobata National Park]] where they obtain their means of subsistence.<ref>https://www.academia.edu/34706882/LOCAL_KNOWLEDGE_OF_MANAGEMENT_SYSTEM_OF_FOREST_ECOSYSTEM_BY_TOGUTIL_ETHNIC_GROUP_ON_HALMAHERA_ISLAND_INDONESIA_ TRADITIONAL_UTILIZATION_AND_CONSERVATION</ref> Uncontacted members are being threatened by a massive Indonesian mining project to produce nickel for electric car batteries.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 April 2023 |title=NEWS: Indonesia: Uncontacted tribe being destroyed for electric car batteries |url=https://www.survivalinternational.org/news/13670 |access-date=6 April 2023 |website=[[Survival International]] |archive-date=6 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406165511/https://www.survivalinternational.org/news/13670 |url-status=live }}</ref>