Editing Handstand (section)

==Kinematics==
Handstands use the wrist flexor muscles as well as the [[anterior deltoid]], [[pectoralis major]], [[latissimus dorsi]], [[biceps brachii]], and [[trapezius]] descendens.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kochanowicz |first1=Andrzej |last2=Niespodziński |first2=Bartłomiej |last3=Mieszkowski |first3=Jan |last4=Marina |first4=Michel |last5=Kochanowicz |first5=Kazimierz |last6=Zasada |first6=Mariusz |title=Changes in the Muscle Activity of Gymnasts During a Handstand on Various Apparatus |journal=Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research |date=2019 |volume=33 |issue=6 |pages=1609–1618 |doi=10.1519/JSC.0000000000002124|pmid=28700510 |s2cid=207500662 }}</ref> It is considered demanding in terms of both the muscle and joint requirement.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Calderón-Díaz |first1=Mailyn |last2=Ulloa-Jiménez |first2=Ricardo |last3=Saavedra |first3=Carolina |last4=Salas |first4=Rodrigo |title=Wavelet-based semblance analysis to determine muscle synergy for different handstand postures of Chilean circus athletes |journal=Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering |date=2021 |volume=24 |issue=10 |pages=1053–1063 |doi=10.1080/10255842.2020.1867113|pmid=33426917 |s2cid=231576614 }}</ref>

According to a 2017 study most handbalancers use wrist movement to maintain balance in a handstand.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Blenkinsop |first1=Glen M. |last2=Pain |first2=Matthew T. G. |last3=Hiley |first3=Michael J. |title=Balance control strategies during perturbed and unperturbed balance in standing and handstand |journal=Royal Society Open Science |date=2017 |volume=4 |issue=7 |pages=161018 |doi=10.1098/rsos.161018|pmid=28791131 |pmc=5541526 |bibcode=2017RSOS....461018B }}</ref>

Another study found that handbalancers who were also expert gymnasts had better coordination than those at an intermediate level of gymnastics.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gautier |first1=Geoffroy |last2=Marin |first2=Ludovic |last3=Leroy |first3=David |last4=Thouvarecq |first4=Régis |title=Dynamics of expertise level: Coordination in handstand |journal=Human Movement Science |date=2009 |volume=28 |issue=1 |pages=129–140 |doi=10.1016/j.humov.2008.05.003|pmid=18986720 }}</ref> More advanced practitioners also altered their center of pressure less to change the center of mass when making corrections to handstand position.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wyatt |first1=Hannah E. |last2=Vicinanza |first2=Domenico |last3=Newell |first3=Karl M. |last4=Irwin |first4=Gareth |last5=Williams |first5=Genevieve K. R. |title=Bidirectional causal control in the dynamics of handstand balance |journal=Scientific Reports |date=2021 |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=405 |doi=10.1038/s41598-020-79730-z |pmid=33432011 |pmc=7801474 |language=en |issn=2045-2322}}</ref>

Handstand moves involving an especially high amount of strength include the [[press handstand]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mizutori |first1=Hisashi |last2=Kashiwagi |first2=Yu |last3=Hakamada |first3=Noriko |last4=Tachibana |first4=Yasunori |last5=Funato |first5=Kazuo |title=Kinematics and joints moments profile during straight arm press to handstand in male gymnasts |journal=PLOS ONE |date=2021 |volume=16 |issue=7 |pages=e0253951 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0253951|pmid=34260617 |pmc=8279359 |bibcode=2021PLoSO..1653951M |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Prassas |first1=Spiros G. |title=Biomechanical Model of the Press Handstand in Gymnastics |journal=International Journal of Sport Biomechanics |date=1988 |volume=4 |issue=4 |pages=326–341 |doi=10.1123/ijsb.4.4.326}}</ref> and [[handstand push-up]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Johnson |first1=Abigail |last2=Meador |first2=Melanie |last3=Bodamer |first3=Meghan |last4=Langford |first4=Emily |last5=Snarr |first5=Ronald L. |title=Exercise Technique: Handstand Push-up |journal=Strength & Conditioning Journal |date=2019 |volume=41 |issue=2 |pages=119–123 |doi=10.1519/SSC.0000000000000427|s2cid=56807126 }}</ref>