Editing Hat (section)

== History ==
[[File:Willendorf-Venus-1468.jpg|thumb|upright|The 27,000-to-30,000-year-old [[Venus of Willendorf]] may depict a woman wearing a woven hat.]]

While there are not many official records of hats before 3,000 BC, they probably were commonplace before that. The 27,000-to-30,000-year-old [[Venus of Willendorf]] figurine may depict a woman wearing a woven hat.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/725803.stm|title=BBC News {{!}} SCI/TECH {{!}} World's oldest hat revealed|website=news.bbc.co.uk|access-date=2018-09-25}}</ref> One of the earliest known confirmed hats was worn by a [[Bronze Age]] man (nicknamed [[Ötzi]]) whose body (including his hat) was found frozen in a mountain between Austria and Italy, where he had been since around 3250 BC. He was found wearing a bearskin cap with a chin strap, made of several hides stitched together, essentially resembling a [[Ushanka|Russian fur hat]] without the flaps.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2016/aug/18/it-becometh-the-iceman-otzi-clothing-study-reveals-stylish-secrets-of-leather-loving-ancient|title=It becometh the iceman: clothing study reveals stylish secrets of leather-loving ancient|first=Nicola|last=Davis|archive-date=30 August 2016|work=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=30 August 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160830164637/https://www.theguardian.com/science/2016/aug/18/it-becometh-the-iceman-otzi-clothing-study-reveals-stylish-secrets-of-leather-loving-ancient|date=30 August 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/08/otzi-iceman-european-alps-mummy-clothing-dna-leather-fur-archaeology|title=Here's What the Iceman Was Wearing When He Died 5,300 Years Ago|first=Kristin|last=Romey|date=18 August 2016|publisher=[[National Geographic]]|access-date=18 August 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819105927/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/08/otzi-iceman-european-alps-mummy-clothing-dna-leather-fur-archaeology/|archive-date=19 August 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=O’Sullivan|first1=Niall J.|last2=Teasdale|first2=Matthew D.|last3=Mattiangeli|first3=Valeria|last4=Maixner|first4=Frank|last5=Pinhasi|first5=Ron|last6=Bradley|first6=Daniel G.|last7=Zink|first7=Albert|date=18 August 2016|title=A whole mitochondria analysis of the Tyrolean Iceman's leather provides insights into the animal sources of Copper Age clothing|journal=[[Scientific Reports]]|language=en|volume=6|pages=31279|doi=10.1038/srep31279|pmid=27537861|issn=2045-2322|df=dmy-all|pmc=4989873|bibcode=2016NatSR...631279O }}</ref>

One of the first pictorial depictions of a hat appears in a tomb painting from [[Thebes, Egypt]], which shows a man wearing a conical straw hat, dated to around 3200 BC. Hats were commonly worn in ancient Egypt. Many upper-class Egyptians [[head shaving|shaved their heads]], then covered it in a [[headdress]] intended to help them keep cool. Ancient Mesopotamians often wore conical hats or ones shaped somewhat like an inverted vase.

[[File:Inquilinos.gif|thumb|upright|Hats as an indicator of social status: a [[:wikt:foreman|foreman]] (with horse) wears a hat of greater height than the accompanying [[inquilino]] (1821 [[Chile]]).]]

Other early hats include the [[Pileus (hat)|Pileus]], a simple skull-like cap; the [[Phrygian cap]], worn by freed slaves in Greece and Rome (which became iconic in America during the [[American Revolutionary War|Revolutionary War]] and the [[French Revolution]], as a symbol of the struggle for liberty against the Monarchy); and the Greek [[petasos]], the first known hat with a brim. Women wore veils, kerchiefs, hoods, caps and [[wimples]].

Like Ötzi, the [[Tollund Man]] was preserved to the present day with a hat on, probably having died around 400 BC in a Danish bog, which mummified him. He wore a pointed cap made of sheepskin and wool, fastened under the chin by a hide thong.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tollundman.dk/udseende.asp|title=The Tollund Man – Appearance|date=2004|website=The Tollund Man – A face from prehistoric Denmark|access-date=2016-09-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719132454/http://www.tollundman.dk/udseende.asp|archive-date=2011-07-19|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[Clement of Ireland|St. Clement]], the [[patron saint]] of [[felt]] [[hatmaker]]s, is said to have discovered felt when he filled his sandals with [[flax]] fibers to protect his feet, around 800 AD.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hatsandcaps.co.uk/Hat-History-Ahat_history/ |title=History of Hats |publisher=Hatsandcaps.co.uk |access-date=2011-07-02}}</ref>

In the Middle Ages, hats were a marker of social status and used to single out certain groups. The 1215 [[Fourth Council of the Lateran]] required that all Jews identify themselves by wearing the [[Judenhat]] ("Jewish hat"), marking them as targets for [[anti-Semitism]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Waldman |first=Katy |url=http://www.slate.com/blogs/the_eye/2013/10/17/the_history_of_the_witch_s_hat_origins_of_its_pointy_design.html |title=The history of the witch's hat |publisher=Slate.com |date=2013-10-17 |access-date=2014-03-26}}</ref> The hats were usually [[Yellow badge|yellow]] and were either pointed or square.<ref>{{cite book |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=h1s8K0_hCfoC |page=331 }} |title=All Things Medieval: An Encyclopedia of the Medieval World |first=Ruth A. |last=Johnston |publisher=ABC-CLIO |year=2011 |access-date=2014-03-26}}</ref>

[[File:charles-vernet-top-hat.jpg|thumb|Carle Vernet's 1796 painting showing two decadent French "[[Incroyables and Merveilleuses|Incredibles]]" greeting each other, one with what appears to be a top hat, perhaps its first recorded appearance.]]

In the Middle Ages, hats for women ranged from simple scarves to elaborate [[hennin]],<ref name="vibbert">Vibbert, Marie, ''Headdresses of the 14th and 15th Centuries,'' No. 133, SCA monograph series (August 2006)</ref> and denoted social status. Structured hats for women similar to those of male courtiers began to be worn in the late 16th century.<ref name="hatsuk1">{{cite web|url=http://www.hatsuk.com/hatsuk/hatsukhtml/bible/history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000914041825/http://www.hatsuk.com/hatsuk/hatsukhtml/bible/history.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2000-09-14 |title=Hat history |publisher=Hatsuk.com |access-date=2012-01-07 }}</ref> The term 'milliner' comes from the Italian city of [[Milan]], where the best quality hats were made in the 18th century. Millinery was traditionally a woman's occupation, with the milliner not only creating hats and bonnets but also choosing lace, trimmings and accessories to complete an outfit.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vintagefashionguild.org/fashion-history/the-history-of-womens-hats/ |title=History of Women's Hats |publisher=Vintagefashionguild.org |access-date=2012-01-07}}</ref>

[[File:Gruppbild sv arbetsförmän vid Läten Hospitalbygge - Nordiska Museet - NMA.0056803.jpg|thumb|Left-to-right: [[Top-hat]], [[peaked cap]], [[Borsalino]], [[bowler hat]] (Sweden, early 20th century).]]
In the first half of the 19th century, women wore bonnets that gradually became larger, decorated with ribbons, flowers, feathers, and gauze [[Trim (sewing)|trims]]. By the end of the century, many other styles were introduced, among them hats with wide brims and flat crowns, the flower pot and the toque. By the middle of the 1920s, when women began to cut their hair short, they chose hats that hugged the head like a helmet.<ref name="hatsuk1"/>

The tradition of wearing hats to [[horse racing]] events began at the [[Royal Ascot]] in Britain, which maintains a strict dress code. All guests in the Royal Enclosure must wear hats.<ref>{{cite news|author=Lauren Turner |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/new-dress-code-a-hit-at-ascots-ladies-day-7872665.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220509/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/new-dress-code-a-hit-at-ascots-ladies-day-7872665.html |archive-date=2022-05-09 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=New dress code a hit at Ascots' Ladies Day |publisher= Independent.co.uk |date=2012-06-21 |access-date=2013-08-29}}</ref> This tradition was adopted at other horse racing events, such as the [[Kentucky Derby]] in the United States.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hats-plus.com/chronicles/?p=634 |title=Hats in History: The Kentucky Derby |publisher=Hats-plus.com |date=2012-04-28 |access-date=2013-08-29 |archive-date=2013-08-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130819005633/http://www.hats-plus.com/chronicles/?p=634 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
[[File:Cover of Australasian Post With Miss Chinatown in 1966.jpg|thumb|upright|Cover of Australasian Post With Miss Chinatown wearing a Christian Dior hat in the 1960s]]
Extravagant hats were popular in the 1980s, and in the early 21st century, flamboyant hats made a comeback, with a new wave of competitive young milliners designing creations that include turban caps, [[trompe-l'œil]]-effect felt hats and tall headpieces made of human hair. Some new hat collections have been described as "wearable sculpture". Many pop stars, among them [[Lady Gaga]], have commissioned hats as publicity stunts.<ref name="nytimes1">{{Cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/04/fashion/04iht-rhats04.html?pagewanted=all |title=Millinery Madness: Hat Makers With Attitude |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=3 October 2011 |access-date=2017-02-27 |archive-date=2017-06-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630065123/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/04/fashion/04iht-rhats04.html?pagewanted=all |url-status=live |last1=Young |first1=Robb }}</ref>

[[File:RhofHutladen1.jpg|thumb|A hat shop from about 1900 inside the [[Roscheider Hof Open Air Museum]].]]