Editing Hawfinch (section)

==Taxonomy==
The hawfinch was described and illustrated by Swiss naturalist [[Conrad Gesner]] in his ''[[Historiae animalium (Gesner)|Historiae animalium]]'' in 1555.<ref>{{cite book| last = Gesner | first = Conrad | title = Historiæ animalium liber III qui est de auium natura. Adiecti sunt ab initio indices alphabetici decem super nominibus auium in totidem linguis diuersis: & ante illos enumeratio auium eo ordiné quo in hoc volumine continentur | year = 1555 | publisher = Froschauer | location = Zurich |language = la| pages=264–265 | url=http://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/dms/load/img/?PPN=PPN472755714&DMDID=DMDLOG_0082 }}</ref>
He used the Latin name ''Coccothraustes'' which is derived from the Greek: ''kokkos'' is a seed or kernel and ''thrauō'' means to break or to shatter.<ref>{{cite book | last= Jobling | first= James A | year= 2010| title= The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | url= https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling |publisher = Christopher Helm | location = London | isbn = 978-1-4081-2501-4 | page=[https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling/page/n212 212] }}</ref> In 1758 [[Carl Linnaeus]] included the species in the [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|10th edition]] of his ''[[Systema Naturae]]'' under the [[Binomial nomenclature|binomial name]] ''Loxia coccothraustes''.<ref name=checklist>{{ cite book | editor-last=Paynter | editor-first=Raymond A. Jnr. | year=1968 | title=Check-list of Birds of the World | volume=14 | publisher=Museum of Comparative Zoology | place=Cambridge, Massachusetts | pages=299–300 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14481501 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last=Linnaeus | first= C. | author-link= Carl Linnaeus | year=1758 | title= Systema Naturæ per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis | volume=1 | edition=10th | page=171 | publisher=Holmiae:Laurentii Salvii  | language = la | url= https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/727078 }}</ref> The hawfinch was moved to a separate [[genus]] ''[[Coccothraustes]]'' by the French zoologist [[Mathurin Jacques Brisson]] in 1760.<ref name=checklist/><ref>{{cite book | last=Brisson | first=Mathurin Jacques | year=1760 | title=Ornithologie | language=fr | place=Paris | publisher= Chez C.J.-B. Bauche | at= [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36010434 Vol. 1, p. 36], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/35953221 Vol. 3 p. 218] }}</ref> The English name 'hawfinch' was used by the ornithologist [[Francis Willughby]] in 1676.<ref>{{ cite book | last=Willughby | first=Francis | author-link=Francis Willughby | year=1676 | title=Ornithologiae Libri Tres | place=London | publisher=John Martyn | language=la | page=178 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jl1fAAAAcAAJ&q=hawfinch&pg=PA178 }}</ref><ref>{{ cite book |  last=Willughby | first=Francis | year=1778 | title=The Ornithology of Francis Willughby of Middleton in the County of Warwick | place=London | publisher= John Martyn | page=244 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/41442041 }}</ref> Haws are the red berries of the [[common hawthorn]] (''Crataegus monogyna'').	

Molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that the hawfinch is closely related to other [[grosbeak]]s in the ''[[Eophona]]'', ''[[Hesperiphona]]'' and ''[[Mycerobas]]'' genera. Finches with large beaks in the ''[[Rhynchostruthus]]'' and ''[[Rhodospiza]]'' genera are not closely related. The similar bill morphology is the result of [[convergent evolution|convergence]] due to the similar feeding behaviour.<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Zuccon | first1=Dario | last2=Prŷs-Jones | first2=Robert | last3=Rasmussen | first3=Pamela C. | last4=Ericson | first4=Per G.P. | year=2012 | title=The phylogenetic relationships and generic limits of finches (Fringillidae) | journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume=62 | issue=2 | pages=581–596 | doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2011.10.002 | url=http://www.nrm.se/download/18.9ff3752132fdaeccb6800010935/Zuccon%20et%20al%202012.pdf | pmid=22023825 | bibcode=2012MolPE..62..581Z | access-date=30 July 2015 | archive-date=26 September 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926130508/http://www.nrm.se/download/18.9ff3752132fdaeccb6800010935/Zuccon%20et%20al%202012.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref>

Fossil record:<!-- not listed by iou-->
*''Coccothraustes balcanicus'' (Late Pliocene/Late Villafranchian of Slivnitsa, western Bulgaria)<ref name="Boev, Z 1998">{{cite journal|author=Boev, Z. |year=1998|title= Late Pliocene Hawfinches (''Coccothraustes'' Brisson, 1760) (Aves: Fringillidae) from Bulgaria|journal= Historia naturalis bulgarica |volume= 9|pages= 87–99}}</ref>
*''[[Coccothraustes major]]'' (Neogene of Hungary)<ref name="Hantkenianasongbirds">{{Cite journal |author=Eugen Kessler |year=2013 |title=Neogene songbirds (Aves, Passeriformes) from Hungary |url=http://kazmer.web.elte.hu/Hantkeniana_8_beliv.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=Hantkeniana. Contributions of the Department of Palaeontology. Eötvös University |volume=8 |pages=37–149 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109220416/http://kazmer.web.elte.hu/Hantkeniana_8_beliv.pdf |archive-date=9 January 2014 |access-date=10 January 2014}}</ref>
*''Coccothraustes simeonovi'' (Late Pliocene/Middle Villafranchian of Varshets, western Bulgaria)<ref name="Boev, Z 1998"/>

There are six recognised [[subspecies]]:<ref name=iou>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | title=Finches, euphonias | work= World Bird List Version 5.2| url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/finches/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union| access-date=5 June 2015 }}</ref>
* ''C. c. coccothraustes'' ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]]) – Europe to central Siberia and northern Mongolia
* ''C. c. buvryi'' [[Jean Cabanis|Cabanis]], 1862 – Northwest Africa
* ''C. c. nigricans'' [[Sergei Buturlin|Buturlin]], 1908 – southern Ukraine, the Caucasus, northeastern Turkey and northern Iran
* ''C. c. humii'' [[Richard Bowdler Sharpe|Sharpe]], 1886 – southern Kazakhstan, eastern Uzbekistan and northeastern Afghanistan
* ''C. c. schulpini'' [[Hans Johansen|Johansen, H]], 1944 – southeastern Siberia, northeastern China and Korea
* ''C. c. japonicus'' [[Coenraad Jacob Temminck|Temminck]] & [[Hermann Schlegel|Schlegel]], 1848 – the [[Kamchatka Peninsula]], the [[Kuril Islands]], [[Sakhalin]] and Japan