Editing Hawick (section)

==History==
The name Hawick is [[Old English]] in origin, first recorded in 1167 and translates as "enclosed farm" or "enclosed hamlet".<ref name="Dictionary">{{cite book |last=Mills |first=A.D.  |date=2011 |title=A Dictionary of British Place Names |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780199609086}}</ref> The origin of the name of Hawick was first researched in the 1860s by [[James Murray (lexicographer)|James Murray]], a local teacher and later the primary editor of the ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]].''<ref name="TES"/> The town has a long history of habitation being settled at the confluence of Slitrig Water and the River Teviot.<ref name="Moffat">{{cite book |last=Moffat |first=Alastair  |date=2014 |title=Hawick: A History from Earliest Times |publisher=Birlinn |isbn=9781780272290}}</ref> The west end of the town contains "the Motte", the remains of a likely 12th century [[Scoto-Norman]] [[motte-and-bailey castle]].<ref name="HawickMotte">{{Canmore |num=54150 |desc=Hawick Motte |access-date=21 November 2021}}</ref>

On 20 June 1342, as [[Alexander Ramsay of Dalhousie]] according to the duty of his office as Sheriff of Teviotsdale was holding court in the church of Hawick, [[William Douglas, Lord of Liddesdale]] came with an armed retinue and entered the church. He was courteously welcomed. Douglas and his men attacked Ramsay and dragged him bleeding and in chains to [[Hermitage Castle]]; It is generally assumed because Douglas believed he should be Sheriff of Teviotdale. There Ramsay was imprisoned in a dungeon where he died of starvation.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Brown |first1=Michael |title=The Black Douglases |date=1999 |publisher=Tuckwell Press Ltd |location=East Linton, Scotland |isbn=1862320365 |page=42}}</ref>

The origin of Hawick being formally declared a town are said to originate with the [[Battle of Hornshole]] which was fought in 1514 between an English raiding party and young locals from Hawick.<ref name="Moffat"/><ref name="BBCNews2">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-south-scotland-27407882| title=Battle of Hornshole re-enacted in Hawick | date=15 May 2014 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |access-date=14 November 2021}}</ref> In 2014, on the 500th anniversary of the battle, some 1,800 children dressed in period costumes re-enacted the battle.<ref name="BBCNews2"/> The oldest official document of the town is a deed dated 11 October 1537 in which the town was re-declared a free [[burgh]] since time immemorial.<ref name="Wilson">{{cite book |last=Wilson |first=Robert |date=1841 |title=The History of Hawick Including Some Account of the Inhabitants: with Occasional Observations: to which is Appended a Short Memoir of the Author |publisher=R.Armstrong}}</ref>

{{Historical populations
|title=Population
|type=Hawick
|1971|17,251
|1991|15,704
|2001|14,573
|2011|14,294
|2016|13,730
|2020|13,610
|2021|13,586
|2022|13,512
|source      =<br /><ref>http://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/files/census/setloc-ks01.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Scotland (United Kingdom): Council Areas & Localities – Population Statistics, Charts and Map |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/php/uk-scotland.php}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Plea for Hawick, a town in deep trouble |url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/plea-for-hawick-a-town-in-deep-trouble-1-517198}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.scotborders.gov.uk/council-2/research-data/2 |title=Research and data |website=scotborders.gov.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=About Teviot and Liddesdale |url=https://www.scotborders.gov.uk/council-2/teviot-liddesdale-area-partnership/3}}</ref>}}

St Mary's and Old Parish Church is the oldest church in the town, being constructed in 1764 on the site of an earlier 13th century church.<ref name="HESStMarys">{{Historic Environment Scotland|num=LB34612|desc=ST MARY'S PLACE, ST MARY'S AND OLD PARISH CHURCH (CHURCH OF SCOTLAND), WITH CHURCHYARD, BOUNDARY WALLS AND GATES.|cat=B|access-date=21 November 2021}}</ref> The church was extensively damaged by fire in the late 19th century but was reconstructed in a similar style.<ref name="HESStMarys"/> The cemetery contains 17th and 18th century gravestones, as well as an elaborate ironwork memorial gate given by the town council.<ref name="HESStMarys"/>

Hawick developed in the late 18th and 19th centuries as an important town in the manufacture of [[textiles]] and [[knitwear]].<ref name="Brewers">{{cite book |last=Ayto |first=J |date=2005 |title=Brewer's Britain and Ireland |publisher=Chambers |page=292 |isbn=978-0304353859}}</ref><ref name="TweedValley">{{cite journal |last1=Macdonald |first1=Gordon |date=2015 |title=The Tweed Valley |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00665983.2015.1052620?journalCode=raij20 |journal=Archaeological Journal (London) |volume=172 |issue=Sup1 |pages=1–47 |doi=10.1080/00665983.2015.1052620 |s2cid=220274648 |access-date=22 November 2021|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name="TextileWorld">{{cite journal |last1=West |first1=Andre |date=2016 |title=Technology Meets Tradition In Scotland |url=https://www.textileworld.com/textile-world/knitting-apparel/2016/09/technology-meets-tradition-in-scotland/ |journal=Textile World |volume=166 |issue=5 |pages=36 |access-date=22 November 2021}}</ref> The first [[knitting machine]]s were brought to Hawick in 1771 by John Hardie, building on an existing carpet manufacturing trade and with a view to expanding into the production of stockings.<ref name="TweedValley"/> As a result of a decline in the stocking trade by 1815, some [[weaving]] manufacturers had set up in the town using resources from the stocking trade.<ref name="TweedValley"/> These industries continued to grow in size, when in the early 1830s, the term "[[Tweed]]" originated from the town as a result of a miscommunication of [[twill]] for the [[River Tweed]].<ref name="TweedValley"/><ref name="Natgeo">{{cite web|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/article/tweed-weaves-tales-of-scottish-history-and-landscapes|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411223149/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/article/tweed-weaves-tales-of-scottish-history-and-landscapes|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 April 2021| title=How tweed became a symbol of Scottish culture | date=14 January 2021 |publisher=[[National Geographic]] |access-date=22 November 2021}}</ref> The town subsequently focused on the manufacturer of different textiles, hosiery and knitwear, including cashmere, adapting to different patterns and materials as fashions changed.<ref name="TweedValley"/><ref name="TextileWorld"/> In the 1930s, over 1200 persons were employed in producing knitwear in the town.<ref name="TweedValley"/> However, by the late 20th century, changing production methods, costs and tastes resulted in the decline of the textile industries to all but a few small businesses.<ref name="TweedValley"/><ref name="NYT">Cowell, Alan. "Cashmere Moves On, And Scotland Feels a Chill." New York Times, 27 Mar. 2004, p. C1</ref>

July 2020 saw the start of work on a £92m flood-defence scheme.<ref name="BBCNews3">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-south-scotland-59148131| title=The battle to protect Hawick and Dumfries from flooding| date=5 November 2021|publisher=BBC News |access-date=21 November 2021}}</ref> But in October 2021, with engineering work still in progress, the town was severely affected by heavy rainfall and subsequent flooding.<ref name="BBCNews">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-59071373| title=Two bridges "washed away" by heavy downpours | date=27 October 2021 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |access-date=14 November 2021}}</ref>