Editing Helmut Hasse (section)

==Life==

Hasse was born in [[Kassel]], [[Hesse-Nassau|Province of Hesse-Nassau]],<ref>[https://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?viewrecord=1&r=an&db=HessenBirths&indiv=try&h=234292 Hellmuth Haße in the Hesse, Germany, Births, 1851-1901]; Hessisches Hauptstaatsarchiv; Wiesbaden, Deutschland; Personenstandsregister Geburtenregister; Bestand: 910; Signatur: 910_5132; accessed 31 March 2018 Ancestry.com. Hesse, Germany, Births, 1851-1901. Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2016.</ref> the son of Judge Paul Reinhard Hasse, also written Haße (12 April 1868 – 1 June 1940,<ref>[https://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1&dbid=61119&h=1395245 Paul Reinhard Hasse in the Hesse, Germany, Deaths, 1851-1958], Personenstandsregister Sterberegister; Bestand: 910; Signatur: 5683; Ancestry.com. Hesse, Germany, Deaths, 1851-1958 paid subscription website. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2016.</ref> son of Friedrich Ernst Hasse and his wife Anna Von Reinhard) and his wife Margarethe Louise Adolphine Quentin (born 5 July 1872 in [[Milwaukee]], daughter of retail toy merchant<ref>[https://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=1870usfedcen&indiv=try&h=14908802 1870 U.S. Federal Census: Adolph Quentin], accessed 31 March 2018, paid subscription ancestry.com website.</ref> Adolph Quentin (b. May 1832, probably [[Berlin]], [[Kingdom of Prussia]]) and Margarethe Wehr (b. about 1840, Prussia),<ref>[https://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1&dbid=61118&h=900841781 Margarethe Louise Adolphine Quentin in the Hesse, Germany, Marriages, 1849-1930]; Hessisches Hauptstaatsarchiv; Wiesbaden, Deutschland; Personenstandsregister Heiratsregister; Bestand: 910; Ancestry.com. Hesse, Germany, Marriages, 1849-1930. Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2016.</ref> then raised in Kassel).<ref>Harold Edwards, Artikel Helmut Hasse in [[Dictionary of Scientific Biography]]</ref>

After serving in the [[Imperial German Navy]] in [[World War I]], he studied at the [[University of Göttingen]], and then at the [[University of Marburg]] under [[Kurt Hensel]], writing a dissertation in 1921 containing the [[Hasse–Minkowski theorem]], as it is now called, on [[quadratic form]]s over [[number field]]s. He then held positions at [[University of Kiel|Kiel]], [[University of Halle-Wittenberg|Halle]] and [[University of Marburg|Marburg]]. He was [[Hermann Weyl]]'s replacement at Göttingen in 1934.

Hasse was an Invited Speaker of the [[International Congress of Mathematicians]] (ICM) in 1932 in [[Zürich]] and a Plenary Speaker of the ICM in 1936 in [[Oslo]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Hasse, H.|chapter=Über die riemannsche Vermutung in Funktionenkörpern|title=''In:'' Comptes rendus du Congrès international des mathématiciens: Oslo, 1936|volume=1|pages=189–206|year=1937}}</ref>

In 1933 Hasse had signed the ''[[Vow of allegiance of the Professors of the German Universities and High-Schools to Adolf Hitler and the National Socialistic State]]''.

Politically, he applied for membership in the Nazi Party in 1937, but this was denied to him allegedly due to his remote [[Jewish]] ancestry.<ref>[http://www.rzuser.uni-heidelberg.de/~ci3/Has-Men1.pdf Helmut Hasse und die Familie Mendelssohn], By Peter Roquette. The Nazi mathematician Prof. {{Interlanguage link multi|Erhard Tornier|de}} pointed out that Helmut Hasse had a Jewish great grandmother.</ref> After the war, he briefly returned to Göttingen in 1945, but was excluded by the British authorities. After brief appointments in Berlin, from 1948 on he settled permanently as professor at [[University of Hamburg]].

He collaborated with many mathematicians, in particular with [[Emmy Noether]] and [[Richard Brauer]] on [[simple algebra]]s, and with [[Harold Davenport]] on [[Gauss sum]]s ([[Hasse–Davenport relation]]s), and  with [[Cahit Arf]] on the [[Hasse–Arf theorem]].