Editing Heptathlon (section)

==Women's heptathlon==
Women's heptathlon is the combined event for women contested in the [[Athletics at the Summer Olympics|athletics programme]] of the Olympics and at the [[World Athletics Championships]]. The [[World Athletics Combined Events Tour]] determines a yearly women's heptathlon champion. The women's outdoor heptathlon consists of the following events, with the first four contested on the first day, and the remaining three on day two:

* [[100 metres hurdles]]
* [[High jump]]
* [[Shot put]]
* [[200 metres]]
* [[Long jump]]
* [[Javelin throw]] 
* [[800 metres]]

The heptathlon has been contested by female athletes since the early 1980s, when it replaced the [[Women's pentathlon|pentathlon]] as the primary women's combined event contest (the javelin throw and 800 m were added).<ref>{{Cite web |last=D'Andrea |first=Christian |date=2016-08-12 |title=Here's how the heptathlon works |url=https://www.sbnation.com/2016/8/12/12451406/2016-summer-olympics-rio-heptathlon-rules-scoring-explained-preview |access-date=2023-12-18 |website=SBNation.com |language=en}}</ref> It was first contested at the Olympic level in the [[1984 Summer Olympics]]. In recent years some women's [[decathlon]] competitions have been conducted, consisting of the same events as the men's competition in a slightly different order, and [[World Athletics]] has begun keeping records for it, but the heptathlon remains the championship-level combined event for women. [[Nafissatou Thiam]], representing Belgium, is the [[Athletics at the 2024 Summer Olympics|2024 Olympic Gold Medallist]], after successfully defending her previous [[Athletics at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women's heptathlon|2016]] and [[Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Women's heptathlon|2020]] titles. She is also the reigning [[2018 European Athletics Championships|European Champion]]. [[Katarina Johnson-Thompson]], representing Great Britain, is the current [[2023 World Championships in Athletics|World Champion]] and  [[2018 Commonwealth Games|Commonwealth Champion]]. [[Odile Ahouanwanou]]. [[Yekaterina Voronina]], [[Kiara Reddingius]], [[Luisarys Toledo]] and [[Ariana Ince]] hold the African, Asian, Oceanian, South American and NACAC (North American, Central American and Caribbean) titles respectively. [[Adriana Rodríguez]], [[Marthe Koala]], [[Swapna Barman]] and [[Elenani Tinai]] hold the Panamerican Games, African Games, Asian Games and Pacific Games titles respectively.<ref>Holders correct as of 2020. The European Games does not feature a heptathlon event.</ref>

There is also a [[Tetradecathlon]], which is a double heptathlon, consisting of 14 events, seven events per day.

===Points system===
The heptathlon scoring system was devised by Dr Karl Ulbrich, a Viennese mathematician. The formulae are constructed so that, for each event, a designated benchmark performance (for example, approximately 1.82&nbsp;m for the high jump) scores 1000 points.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2012/aug/03/london-2012-jessica-ennis-heptathlon "London 2012: Jessica Ennis leads heptathlon after first day"], ''The Guardian'', 3 August 2012</ref> Each event also has a minimum recordable performance level (e.g. 0.75&nbsp;m for the high jump), corresponding to zero points. The formulae are devised so that successive constant increments in performance correspond to gradually increasing increments in points awarded.

The events are split into three groups, and the scores are calculated according to the three formulae:<ref>{{cite web
 |url=http://www.iaaf.org/mm/Document/Competitions/TechnicalArea/ScoringTables_CE_744.pdf 
 |title=IAAF Scoring Tables for Combined Events 
 |publisher=[[World Athletics|IAAF]] 
 |page=15 
 |date=April 2004 
 |access-date=August 5, 2012 
 |url-status=dead 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080910115455/http://www.iaaf.org/mm/Document/Competitions/TechnicalArea/ScoringTables_CE_744.pdf 
 |archive-date=September 10, 2008 
 |df=mdy-all 
}}</ref>

:Running events (200 m, 800 m and 100 m hurdles):
::<math>P =  INT  (a \cdot (b - T)^c</math>)
:Jumping events (high jump and long jump):
::<math>P =  INT  (a \cdot (M - b)^c</math>)
:Throwing events (shot put and javelin):
::<math>P =  INT  (a \cdot (D - b)^c</math>)

''P'' is for points, ''T'' is for time in seconds, ''M'' is for height or distance in centimeters and ''D'' is distance in meters. ''a'', ''b'' and ''c'' have different values for each of the events, as follows:

{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Event!!''a''!!''b''!!''c''
|-
|200 metres||4.99087||42.5||1.81
|-
|800 metres||0.11193||254||1.88
|-
|100 metres hurdles||9.23076||26.7||1.835
|-
|High jump||1.84523||75||1.348
|-
|Long jump||0.188807||210||1.41
|-
|Shot put||56.0211||1.5||1.05
|-
|Javelin throw||15.9803||3.8||1.04
|}

===Benchmarks===
The following table shows the benchmark levels needed to earn 1000, 900, 800 and 700 points in each event.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"
! align=left|Event || 1,000 pts || 900 pts || 800 pts || 700 pts || Unit
|-
| align=left| 100 m hurdles || 13.85 || 14.56 || 15.32 || 16.12 || align=left|Seconds
|-
| align=left| High jump || 1.82 || 1.74 || 1.66 || 1.57 || align=left|Metres
|-
| align=left| Shot put || 17.07 || 15.58 || 14.09 || 12.58 || align=left|Metres
|-
| align=left| 200 m || 23.80 || 24.86 || 25.97 || 27.14 || align=left|Seconds
|-
| align=left| Long jump || 6.48 || 6.17 || 5.84 || 5.50 || align=left|Metres
|-
| align=left| Javelin throw || 57.18 || 52.04 || 46.87 || 41.68 || align=left|Metres
|-
| align=left| 800 m || 2:07.63 || 2:14.52 || 2:21.77 || 2:29.47 || align=left|Minutes:Seconds
|}

===Women's world records compared with heptathlon bests===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:97%; text-align:right"
|+World records (WR) compared with heptathlon bests (HB)
! style="width:100px;"| Event
! style="width:35px;"| Type
! style="width:150px;"| Athlete
! Record
! style="width:45px;"| Score
! style="width:70px;"| Difference in points value
! Date
! Place
! Notes/{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
! rowspan=2| 100 m hurdles
| WR
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Tobi Amusan]] || 12.12 [[Second|s]] || 1261 || || || ||
|-
| HB
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Jessica Ennis-Hill|Jessica Ennis]] || 12.54 s {{wind|+1.3}} || 1195 || −66 || 3 August 2012 || [[London]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Women's Heptathlon 100 Metres Hurdles Results|url=http://www.iaaf.org/mini/oly12/Results/ResultsByDate.aspx?racedate=08-03-2012/sex=W/discCode=100H/combCode=HEP/roundCode=u/results.html#detW_100H_HEP_u|work=[[IAAF]]|date=August 3, 2012|access-date=August 5, 2012}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan=2| High jump
| WR
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Yaroslava Mahuchikh]] || 2.10 [[Metre|m]] || 1373 || || || || 
|-
| HB
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Nafissatou Thiam]] || 2.02 m || 1264 || −109 || 22 June 2019 || [[Talence]] || <ref name="wcb">{{cite web |title=World Combined Best Performances |url=https://worldathletics.org/records/by-category/combined-best-performances |website=worldathletics.org |access-date=25 August 2023}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan=2| Shot put
| WR
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Natalya Lisovskaya]] || 22.63 m || 1378 || || || ||
|-
| HB
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Austra Skujytė]] || 17.31 m<ref group=note>In 1977, [[Eva Wilms]] threw 20.79m during a [[pentathlon]] event, which is sometimes referred to as the heptathlon best.</ref> || 1016 || −362 || 3 August 2012 || [[London]] ||<ref>{{cite web|title=Women's Heptathlon Shot Put Results|url=http://www.iaaf.org/mini/oly12/Results/ResultsByDate.aspx?racedate=08-03-2012/sex=W/discCode=SP/combCode=HEP/roundCode=u/results.html#detW_SP_HEP_u|work=[[IAAF]]|date=August 3, 2012|access-date=August 6, 2012}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan=2| 200 m
| WR
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Florence Griffith Joyner]] || 21.34 s || 1251 || || || ||
|- valign="top"
| HB
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Jackie Joyner Kersee]] || 22.30 s {{wind|+0.0}} || 1150 || −101 || 15 July 1988 || [[Indianapolis]] || <ref name="wcb" />
|-
! rowspan=2| Long jump
| WR
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Galina Chistyakova]] || 7.52 m || 1351 || || || ||
|-
| HB
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Jackie Joyner Kersee]] || 7.27 m {{wind|+0.7}} || 1264 || −87 || 24 September 1988 || [[Seoul]] || <ref name="wcb" />
|-
! rowspan=4| Javelin<ref group=note>Women's [[Javelin throw|javelin]] was redesigned in 1999 and all records started afresh. Point allocation for Heptathlon remained the same, but the comparison is being made between the WR and Heptathlon best of the current model.</ref>
| WR
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Barbora Spotakova|Barbora Špotáková]] || 72.28 m || 1295 || || || || Current 1999 model
|-
| HB 
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Barbora Spotakova|Barbora Špotáková]] || 60.90 m || 1072 || −223 || 16 September 2012 || [[Talence]] || Current 1999 model<ref>{{cite news|title=Van Alphen and Yosypenko prevail in Talence – IAAF Combined Events Challenge|url=http://www.iaaf.org/Mini/WCE12/News/NewsDetail.aspx?id=67801|publisher=[[IAAF]]|author=Hans van Kuijen|date=September 16, 2012|access-date=September 18, 2012}}</ref>
|-
| ''WR''
| style="text-align:left;"| ''[[Petra Felke]]'' || ''80.00 m'' || ''1448'' || || || || ''Old model''
|-
| ''HB''
| style="text-align:left;"| ''[[Tessa Sanderson]]'' || ''64.64 m'' || ''1145'' || ''−303'' || || || ''Old model''
|-
! rowspan=2| 800 m
| WR
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Jarmila Kratochvilova|Jarmila Kratochvílová]] || 1:53.28 [[Minute|min]]:s || 1224 || || || ||
|-
| HB
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Nadine Debois]] || 2:01.84 min:s || 1087 || −137 || 27 September 1987 || [[Talence]] || <ref name="wcb" />
|-
! rowspan=2| Total
! colspan=3| World record || 9133 || || || ||
|-
! colspan=3| Heptathlon bests || 8048 || −1085 || || ||
|}