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High-electron-mobility transistor
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== Applications == The applications of HEMTs include [[microwave]] and [[millimeter wave]] [[telecommunication|communications]], imaging, [[radar]], [[radio astronomy]], and [[Switched-mode power supply|power switching]]. They are found in many types of equipment ranging from cellphones, power supply adapters and [[Direct broadcast satellite|DBS]] receivers to [[radio astronomy]] and [[electronic warfare]] systems such as [[radar]] systems. Numerous companies worldwide develop, manufacture, and sell HEMT-based devices in the form of discrete transistors, as 'monolithic microwave integrated circuits' ([[MMIC|MMICs]]), or within power switching integrated circuits. HEMTs are suitable for applications where high gain and low noise at high frequencies are required, as they have shown current gain to frequencies greater than 600 GHz and power gain to frequencies greater than 1THz.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.semiconductor-today.com/news_items/2014/OCT/NORTHROP-GRUMMAN_311014.shtml|title=Northrop Grumman sets record with terahertz IC amplifier|website=www.semiconductor-today.com}}</ref> [[Gallium nitride]] based HEMTs are used as power switching transistors for voltage converter applications due to their low on-state resistances, low switching losses, and high breakdown strength.<ref name="Chen2017">{{cite journal |last1=Chen |first1=Kevin J. |last2=Häberlen |first2=Oliver |last3=Lidow |first3=Alex |last4=Tsai |first4=Chun lin |last5=Ueda |first5=Tetsuzo |last6=Uemoto |first6=Yasuhiro |last7=Wu |first7=Yifeng |title=GaN-on-Si Power Technology: Devices and Applications |journal=IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices |year=2017 |volume=64 |issue=3 |pages=779–795 |doi=10.1109/TED.2017.2657579|bibcode=2017ITED...64..779C }}</ref><ref name = "Medjdoub2016">{{cite book |last1=Medjdoub |first1=F. |editor-first1=Farid |editor-last1=Medjdoub |title=Gallium Nitride (GaN): Physics, Devices, and Technology |year=2016 |edition=1st |publisher=CRC Press |doi=10.4324/b19387 |isbn=9781315215426 |url=https://doi.org/10.4324/b19387}}</ref> These gallium nitride enhanced voltage converter applications include [[AC adapter|AC adapters]], which benefit from smaller package sizes due to the power circuitry requiring smaller passive electronic components.<ref name="Medjdoub2016"/>
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