Editing Hit-and-run tactics (section)

==Historical use==
[[Ancient Rome|Romans]] first encountered that tactic in the [[Lusitanian War]] in which [[Lusitanians]] used the tactic called ''concursare'' ("bustling"). It involved charging forwards against the enemy lines, only to retreat after a brief clash or without clashing, which would be followed by more attacks in a similar cadence. The Lusitanians drove the Roman armies to break formation and chase them, leading them to traps and [[ambush|ambushes]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Gonzalo Barrientos Alfageme, Angel Rodríguez Sánchez|title=Historia de Extremadura: La geografía de los tiempos antiguos|url=|date=1985|publisher=Universitas Editorial|isbn=978-84-855834-5-4|page=|language= Spanish}}</ref>

The [[Great Seljuq Empire|Seljuk]] victory over the [[Byzantine Empire]] at the [[Battle of Manzikert]] was preceded by hit-and-run attacks of Seljuk cavalry,<ref>Haldon, pp. 565–1204.</ref> which threw the Byzantine army into confusion and proved fatal once it started to retreat. Similarly, the earlier [[Parthia|Parthian]] and [[Sassanid]] Persian horse archers paved the way for their [[cataphract]]s' attack, which achieved the decisive victories at the [[Battle of Carrhae]] and [[Battle of Edessa]]. The use of hit-and-run tactics dates back even earlier to the nomadic [[Scythians]] of [[Central Asia]], who used them against [[Darius the Great]]'s [[Persian Empire|Persian]] [[Achaemenid Empire]] and later against [[Alexander the Great]]'s [[Macedonian Empire]].<ref>{{Cite book|author=Robert Brown Asprey|contribution=guerrilla warfare|title=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|year=2008|contribution-url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/248353/guerrilla-warfare|accessdate=2008-12-17}}</ref> The Turkish general [[Baibars]] also successfully used hit-and-run during the [[Battle of Ain Jalut]],<ref>Hamad Subani, The Secret History of Iran, [https://books.google.com/books?id=zKKNBQAAQBAJ&dq=Hit-and-run+tactics+the+battle+of+Ain+Jalut&pg=PA128 page 128], accessdate 4 June, 2019</ref><ref>John Block Friedman, Kristen Mossler Figg, ''Trade, Travel, and Exploration in the Middle Ages: An Encyclopedia'', [https://books.google.com/books?id=-OmCfNI_SxAC&dq=Hit-and-run+tactics+the+battle+of+Ain+Jalut&pg=PA406 page 406], accessdate 4 June, 2019</ref> the first defeat of the quickly expanding Mongol Empire.<ref name="Tschanz">{{Cite web |last=Tschanz |first=David W. |date= |title=Saudi Aramco World : History's Hinge: 'Ain Jalut |url=http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/2007/history.s.hinge.ain.jalut.htm |access-date=2019-06-04 |archive-date=2015-02-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150211034124/http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/2007/history.s.hinge.ain.jalut.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>Jack Weatherford, Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World.</ref> Vastly outnumbered in North America, the French made effective use of hit-and-run raids during the various [[French and Indian Wars]].<ref>Spencer Tucker, ''Almanac of American Military History, Volume 1'', pp.10–11 [https://books.google.com/books?id=TO2mx314ST0C&dq=British+population+in+North+America+outnumbered+the+French+12+to+1.&pg=PA10]</ref> In the [[Turkish War of Independence]], the Turks fought against the Greeks by hit-and-run tactics before a regular army was set up.<ref>Belleten, page 1087.</ref>
Marathas under shivaji and his successors also resorted to hit and run tactics against Mughal Empire.{{according to whom?|date=October 2024}}

During the [[Vietnam War]], [[Viet Cong]] forces used hit-and-run tactics to great effectiveness against U.S. military forces.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/peoplescentury/episodes/guerrillawars/description.html |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130616074340/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/peoplescentury/episodes/guerrillawars/description.html |title=Guerrilla Wars |publisher=Public Broadcasting System |accessdate=2013-06-15 |archivedate=2013-06-16 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The tactic was also used in [[Afghanistan]] by rebel forces during the [[Soviet–Afghan War]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.philly.com/2001-11-16/news/25320313_1_mountain-soldiers-al-qaeda-fighters-ali-jalali |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130616075742/http://articles.philly.com/2001-11-16/news/25320313_1_mountain-soldiers-al-qaeda-fighters-ali-jalali |title=Better gear and tactics give allied forces an edge |author=Tony Bridges |date=2001-11-16 |accessdate=2013-06-15 |archivedate=2013-06-16 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Various [[Iraqi insurgency (2011–13)|Iraqi insurgent]] groups have also used hit-and-run tactics against [[Iraqi Security Forces]] and American-led coalition forces in Iraq.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mindef.gov.sg/content/imindef/publications/pointer/journals/2012/v38n2/feature4/_jcr_content/imindefPars/0003/file.res/C%3A%5Cfakepath%5C034-044-Pointer%20N38N2_A.pdf|title=The Evolution of Insurgency and its Impact on Conventional Armed Forces|publisher=[[Ministry of Defence (Singapore)|Singaporean Ministry of Defence]]|author=Lieutenant Colonel Tan Giam|accessdate=2013-06-15}}</ref> Improvised fighting vehicles, called "[[Technical (vehicle)|technicals]]", are often used in such operations.{{according to whom?|date=October 2024}}