Editing Hoopoe (section)

==Taxonomy==
The [[genus]] ''Upupa'' was introduced in 1758 by the Swedish naturalist [[Carl Linnaeus]] in the [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|tenth edition]] of his ''[[Systema Naturae]]''.<ref name="Linnaeus 1758">{{cite book |last=Linnaeus |first=Carl |author-link=Carl Linnaeus |year=1758 |title=Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis |volume=1 |edition=10th |page=xxx |publisher=Laurentii Salvii |location={{lang|la|Holmiae}} ([[Stockholm]]) |language=Latin |url=http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726886 }}</ref> The [[type species]] is the [[Eurasian hoopoe]] (''Upupa epops'').<ref>{{cite book |editor-last=Peters |editor-first=James Lee |editor-link=James L. Peters |year=1945 |title=Check-List of Birds of the World |volume=5 |publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] |place=[[Cambridge, Massachusetts]] |page=247 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14480258 }}</ref> {{lang|la|Upupa}} and {{lang|grc|ἔποψ}} ({{lang|grc-Latn|epops}}) are respectively the [[Latin]] and [[Ancient Greek]] names for the hoopoe; both, like the English name, are [[onomatopoetic|onomatopoeic]] forms which imitate the cry of the bird.<ref name=job>{{cite book |last1=Jobling |first1=James A. |year=2010 |title=The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names |publisher=[[A & C Black]] |first2=Christopher |last2=Helm |location=London |isbn=978-1-4081-2501-4 |pages=147, 396 }}</ref><ref name=OEDnight>{{Cite OED |Hoopoe}}</ref>

The hoopoe was classified in the [[clade]] [[Coraciiformes]], which also includes [[kingfisher]]s, [[bee-eater]]s, and [[Coraciidae|roller]]s.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Hackett |first=Shannon J.|year=2008 |title=A Phylogenomic Study of Birds Reveals Their Evolutionary History |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |pmid=18583609 |volume=320 |issue=1763 |pages=1763–1768 |doi=10.1126/science.1157704 |bibcode=2008Sci...320.1763H |s2cid=6472805 |display-authors=etal }}</ref> A close relationship between the hoopoe and the [[wood hoopoe]]s is also supported by the shared and unique nature of their [[stapes]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Feduccia |first=Alan |year=1975 |title=The Bony Stapes in the Upupidae and Phoeniculidae: Evidence for Common Ancestry |journal=The Wilson Bulletin |volume=87 |issue=3 |pages=416–417 |url=http://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/wilson/v087n03/p0416-p0417.pdf }}</ref> In the [[Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy]], the hoopoe is separated from the [[Coraciiformes]] as a separate order, the [[Upupiformes]]. Some authorities place the wood hoopoes in the Upupiformes as well.<ref name="Mayr">{{cite journal |last=Mayr |first=Gerald |year=2000 |title=Tiny Hoopoe-like birds from the Middle Eocene of Messel (Germany) |journal=[[Auk (journal)|Auk]] |volume=117 |issue=4 |pages=964–970 |doi=10.1642/0004-8038(2000)117[0964:THLBFT]2.0.CO;2 |url=http://sora.unm.edu/node/26294 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Now the consensus is that both hoopoe and the wood hoopoes belong with the hornbills in the [[Bucerotiformes]].<ref name=ioc>{{cite web |editor1-last=Gill |editor1-first=Frank |editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) |editor2-last=Donsker |editor2-first=David |editor3-last=Rasmussen |editor3-first=Pamela |editor3-link=Pamela C. Rasmussen |date=February 2025 |title=Mousebirds, Cuckoo Roller, trogons, hoopoes, hornbills |work=[[IOC World Bird List]] Version 15.1 |url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/mousebirds/ |publisher=[[International Ornithologists' Union]] |access-date=8 March 2025 }}</ref>

The [[fossil]] record of the hoopoes is very incomplete, with the earliest fossil coming from the [[Quaternary]].<ref name="St Helena"/> The fossil record of their relatives is older, with fossil [[wood hoopoe]]s dating back to the [[Miocene]] and those of an extinct related family, the [[Messelirrisor]]idae, dating from the [[Eocene]].<ref name="Mayr"/>

===Species===
Formerly considered a single species, the hoopoe has been split into two separate species: the [[Eurasian hoopoe]] and the  [[Madagascar hoopoe]].  One accepted separate species, the [[Saint Helena hoopoe]], lived on the island of [[St Helena]] but became extinct in the 16th century, presumably due to introduced species.<ref name="St Helena">{{cite book |last=Olson |first=Storrs |title=Paleornithology of St Helena Island, south Atlantic Ocean |year=1975 |series=Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology |volume=23 |url=http://www.sil.si.edu/smithsoniancontributions/Paleobiology/pdf_lo/SCtP-0023.pdf }}</ref>

The genus ''Upupa'' was created by [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]] in his ''Systema naturae'' in 1758. It then included three other species with long curved bills:<ref name="Linnaeus 1758"/>

* ''U. eremita'' (now ''Geronticus eremita''), the [[northern bald ibis]]
* ''U. pyrrhocorax'' (now ''Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax''), the [[red-billed chough]]
* ''U. paradisea''

Formerly, the [[greater hoopoe-lark]] (''Alaemon alaudipes'') was also considered to be a member of this genus (as ''Upupa alaudipes'').<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=3E4513D9B079B399 |title=Alaemon alaudipes |website=[[Avibase]] |access-date=2016-11-17 }}</ref>

====Extant species====
Two extant species are recognised:<ref name=ioc/>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Image !! Scientific name !! Common Name !! Distribution
|-
|[[File:Hoopoe with insect.jpg|120px]] || ''Upupa epops'' || [[Eurasian hoopoe]] ||Europe, Asia, and North Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa
|-
|[[File:Madagascar Hoopoe - Ankarafantsika - Madagascar S4E9386 (15110965529).jpg|120px]] || ''Upupa marginata'' || [[Madagascar hoopoe]] ||Madagascar
|-
|}