Editing Hour record (section)

== Early hour records (until 1972) ==

[[File:James-moore.jpg|thumb|[[James Moore (cyclist)|James Moore]] who set the first recorded hour record of 23.3 km in 1873]]
The first universally accepted record was in 1876 when the American [[Frank Dodds]] rode {{cvt|26.508|km|mi}} on a [[penny-farthing]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Mallon |first=Jeroen Heijmans, Bill |title=Historical dictionary of cycling |publisher=Scarecrow Press, Inc. |location=Lanham, Maryland |isbn=978-0-8108-7369-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nrdfuueq2CcC |date=2011-09-09 |access-date=2016-11-06 |archive-date=2018-12-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181208235943/https://books.google.com/books?id=nrdfuueq2CcC |url-status=live }}</ref> The first recorded distance<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ZdXCmwpk-SAC&pg=PA381 |title= Historical Dictionary of Cycling |page= 381|isbn= 9780810871755 |last1= Heijmans |first1= Jeroen |last2= Mallon |first2= Bill |date= 2011-10-16 |publisher= Scarecrow Press }}</ref> was set in 1873 by [[James Moore (cyclist)|James Moore]] in Wolverhampton, riding an Ariel 49" high wheel ({{cvt|49|in|m|disp=out}}) bicycle; however, the distance was recorded at exactly {{convert|14.5|miles}}, leading to the theory that the distance was just approximated and not accurately measured.<ref>{{cite web |title= Hour Record: The tangled history of an iconic feat|work=Cycling Weekly |url= http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/news/latest-news/hour-record-the-tangled-history-of-an-iconic-feat-166791 |access-date= 2015-12-02 |date= 2015-04-15 |archive-date= 2015-12-08 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151208051114/http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/news/latest-news/hour-record-the-tangled-history-of-an-iconic-feat-166791 |url-status= live }}</ref>

The first officially recognised record was set by [[Henri Desgrange]] at the [[Vélodrome Buffalo and Stade Buffalo|Buffalo Velodrome]], Paris in 1893 following the formation of the [[International Cycling Association]], the forerunner of the modern-day [[Union Cycliste Internationale|UCI]]. Throughout the run up to the First World War, the record was broken on five occasions by Swiss rider [[Oscar Egg]] and Frenchman [[Marcel Berthet]], and due to the attempts being highly popular and guaranteeing rich attendances, it is said that each ensured he did not beat the record by too much of a margin, enabling further lucrative attempts by the other.{{refn|group=nb|{{cite book |title= The Hour |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=bSTKyAvAQlgC |isbn = 9780224075206|last1 = Hutchinson|first1 = Michael|year = 2007| publisher=Penguin Random House }} (Michael Hutchinson. p. 119-120) It is reported that as professionals, Egg and Berthet ensured not to beat the record by too much of a distance, enabling them both to continue to repeatedly break the record and receive lucrative appearance fees}}

The hour was attempted sporadically over the following 70 years, with most early attempts taking place at the Buffalo Velodrome in Paris, before the [[Velodromo Vigorelli]] in Milan became popular in 1930s and 1940s sparking attempts from leading Italian riders and former [[Giro d'Italia]] winners such as [[Fausto Coppi]] and [[Ercole Baldini]]. Coppi's record set in 1942, during the Second World War, despite Milan being bombed nightly by Allied forces, was eventually broken in 1956 by [[Jacques Anquetil#Hour record|Jacques Anquetil]] on his third attempt. In 1967, 11 years later, Anquetil again broke the hour record, with {{cvt|47.493|km}}, but the record was disallowed because he refused to take the newly introduced post-race doping test.<ref name=Cycling>''[[Cycling Weekly|Cycling]]'' 26 November 1987</ref> He had objected to what he saw as the indignity of having to urinate in a tent in front of a crowded velodrome and said he would take the test later at his hotel. The international judge ruled against the idea, and a scuffle ensued that involved Anquetil's manager, [[Raphaël Géminiani]]. In 1968, [[Ole Ritter]] broke the record in [[Mexico City]], the first attempt at altitude since Willie Hamilton in 1898.{{citation needed|date=June 2015}}

The women's hour record was first established in 1893 by Mlle de Saint-Sauveur at the Vélodrome Buffalo in Paris, setting a total distance of {{cvt|26.012|km}}. The record was improved several times over the next years, until Louise Roger reached {{cvt|34.684|km}} in 1897 also at Vélodrome Buffalo.<ref>[https://www.podiumcafe.com/book-corner/2018/9/11/17845464/uci-hour-record-womens-cycling-origins Revolutionary Times – The Birth of the Women’s Hour Record] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180921230230/https://www.podiumcafe.com/book-corner/2018/9/11/17845464/uci-hour-record-womens-cycling-origins |date=2018-09-21 }} – SB Nation's Podium Café, Feargal McKay, 11 September 2018</ref> In 1911 the longest standing men's or women's record (37 years) was set by the 157&nbsp;cm (5&nbsp;ft 2 in) tall [[Alfonsina Strada]]: {{cvt|37.192|km}} riding a 20&nbsp;kg (44&nbsp;lbs) machine.<ref name="Marconi">{{Cite web |url=http://www.radiomarconi.com/marconi/alfonsina/alfonsina_inglese.html |title=Radio Marconi, Article on Alfonsina Strada |access-date=2018-09-21 |archive-date=2012-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216231831/http://www.radiomarconi.com/marconi/alfonsina/alfonsina_inglese.html |url-status=usurped }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Clemitson|first=Suze|date=2014-05-13|title=Celebrating Alfonsina Strada, the woman who cycled the Giro d'Italia|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/100-tours-100-tales/2014/may/12/alfonsina-strada-giro-italia-woman-grand-tour|access-date=2021-10-02|archive-date=2017-07-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704160115/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/100-tours-100-tales/2014/may/12/alfonsina-strada-giro-italia-woman-grand-tour|url-status=live}}</ref> From 1947 to 1952, [[Élyane Bonneau]] and [[Jeannine Lemaire]] set several new hour records, the last of which was {{cvt|39.735|km}} by Lemaire in 1952.<ref>{{Cite news|date=1947-10-25|title=The BNA|work=Hull Daily Mail|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/search/results/1900-01-01/1949-12-31?basicsearch=%2bhour%20%2brecord%20%2bbonneau&freesearch=hour%20record%20bonneau&exactsearch=true&retrievecountrycounts=false&sortorder=score|access-date=2021-10-01|archive-date=2021-10-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001085519/https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/search/results/1900-01-01/1949-12-31?basicsearch=%2Bhour%20%2Brecord%20%2Bbonneau&freesearch=hour%20record%20bonneau&exactsearch=true&retrievecountrycounts=false&sortorder=score|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=1947-10-27|title=Mlle Bonneau a battu le record du monde de l'heure|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1947/10/27/mlle-bonneau-a-battu-le-record-du-monde-de-l-heure_1890863_1819218.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-10-01|website=Le Monde|archive-date=2021-10-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001080016/https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1947/10/27/mlle-bonneau-a-battu-le-record-du-monde-de-l-heure_1890863_1819218.html}}</ref> The first women's hour record approved by the UCI was by [[Tamara Novikova]] in 1955. However Lemaire's 1952 non-UCI record was not bettered until [[Elsy Jacobs]] broke the 40 kmh barrier in 1958, the year Jacobs had won the inaugural women's road world championship. Jacobs' 1958 41.347&nbsp;km UCI record would not be bettered until 1972.

=== Historical hour records ===
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}} 
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="min-width:22em"
|+ Men's historical hour records (1873–1972) <br />(UCI official records from 1893)
|-
!Date
!Rider
!Location
! Distance <br />(km)
! Increase <br />(m)
|-
|1873    || [[James Moore (cyclist)|James Moore]]  {{flagicon|ENG}}||Molyneaux Grounds, Wolverhampton, England ||23.331||-
|-
|25 March 1876    ||Frank Dodds {{flagicon|USA}}||Cambridge University Ground<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.espn.co.uk/onthisday/sport/story/100.html |title= March 25 down the years |work= ESPN.co.uk |access-date= 18 September 2014 |archive-date= 18 October 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141018182336/http://www.espn.co.uk/onthisday/sport/story/100.html |url-status= live }}</ref>{{refn|group=nb|{{cite book |title= The Historical Dictionary of Cycling |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ZdXCmwpk-SAC&pg=PA381 |isbn = 9780810871755|last1 = Heijmans|first1 = Jeroen|last2 = Mallon|first2 = Bill|date = 2011-10-16| publisher=Scarecrow Press }} (Jeroen Heijmans, Bill Mallon) lists three further records after Dodds but before Herbert Cortis. Listed only by surname, 1877, Shopee in Cambridge, 26.960, 1878, Weir, in Oxford, 28.542 and Christie, in 1879, 30.374, also in Oxford.}} ||26.508||3,177
|-
|2 August 1882    || Herbert Liddell Cortis {{flagicon|ENG}}||England ||32.454||5,946
|-
|1887  || [[Jules Dubois (cyclist)|Jules Dubois]] {{flagicon|BEL}}||London, England  ||  34.217||1,763
|-
|11 May 1893      || [[Henri Desgrange]] {{flagicon|FRA}}||[[Vélodrome Buffalo|Buffalo, Paris]] ||      35.325||1,108
|-
|31 October 1894  || [[Jules Dubois (cyclist)|Jules Dubois]] {{flagicon|BEL}}||Buffalo, Paris  ||      38.220||2,895
|-
|30 July 1897     || [[Oscar Van den Eynden]] {{flagicon|BEL}}||Vincennes, Paris   ||      39.240||1,020
|-
|3 July 1898      || [[Willie Hamilton (cyclist)|Willie Hamilton]] {{flagicon|IRE}}||Colorado Springs, USA             ||      40.781||1,541
|-
|24 August 1905   || [[Lucien Petit-Breton]] {{flagicon|FRA}}||Buffalo, Paris   ||      41.110||329
|-
|20 June 1907     || [[Marcel Berthet]] {{flagicon|FRA}}||Paris ||  41.520||410
|-
|22 August 1912   || [[Oscar Egg]] {{flagicon|SUI}}||Paris   ||      42.122  <br /><small>(Revised to 42.360)</small>||602
|-
|22 July 1913 || Richard Weise {{flagicon|GER}}||Berlin, Germany||<s>42.276</s>||{{refn|group=nb|{{cite web | title = Berthet/Egg Hour Record| url = http://bikeraceinfo.com/riderhistories/berthet-egg-hour-record.html }} Oscar Egg's original distance was recorded at 42.122 km. In July 1913 Richard Weise beat this mark, but following protest from Egg the Buffalo track was re-measured and his result changed to 42.360 km, cancelling out Weise's record}}
|-
|7 August 1913    || [[Marcel Berthet]] {{flagicon|FRA}}||Paris     ||      42.741||619
|-
|21 August 1913   || [[Oscar Egg]] {{flagicon|SUI}}||Paris    ||      43.525||784
|-
|20 September 1913|| [[Marcel Berthet]] {{flagicon|FRA}}||Paris   ||      43.775||250
|-
|18 June 1914   || [[Oscar Egg]] {{flagicon|SUI}}||Paris  ||      44.247 ||471
|-
|7 July 1933   || [[Francis Faure]] {{flagicon|FRA}}|| Paris ||     45.055||808{{refn|group=nb|{{cite web | title = The history of the recumbent bicycle| url = http://www.helsinki.fi/~tlinden/winforb.html }} On 7 July 1933 Francis Faure rode 45.055 km on a "Velocar" beating Egg's record. This led to the UCI imposing rules regarding bicycle dimensions on 1 April 1934 and Faure's record was moved into a new category,  "Records Set By Human Powered Vehicles (HPV's) without Special Aerodynamic Features"}}
|-
|25 August 1933   || [[Jan van Hout]] {{flagicon|NED}}||Roermond ||     44.588||388
|-
|28 September 1933|| [[Maurice Richard (cyclist)|Maurice Richard]] {{flagicon|FRA}}||Sint-Truiden, Belgium  ||     44.777||189
|-
|31 October 1935  || [[Giuseppe Olmo]] {{flagicon|ITA}}||[[Velodromo Vigorelli]], Milan   ||     45.090||313
|-
|14 October 1936  || [[Maurice Richard (cyclist)|Maurice Richard]] {{flagicon|FRA}}||Vigorelli, Milan  ||    45.325||235
|-
|29 September 1937|| [[Frans Slaats]] {{flagicon|NED}}||Vigorelli, Milan     ||     45.485||160
|-
|3 November 1937  || [[Maurice Archambaud]] {{flagicon|FRA}}||Vigorelli, Milan   ||     45.767||282
|-
|7 November 1942  || [[Fausto Coppi]] {{flagicon|ITA}}||Vigorelli, Milan    ||     45.798||31
|-
|29 June 1956     || [[Jacques Anquetil]] {{flagicon|FRA}}||Vigorelli, Milan    ||     46.159||369
|-
|19 September 1956|| [[Ercole Baldini]] {{flagicon|ITA}}||Vigorelli, Milan     ||     46.394||235
|-
|18 September 1957|| [[Roger Rivière]] {{flagicon|FRA}}||Vigorelli, Milan     ||     46.923||529
|-
|23 September 1959|| Roger Rivière {{flagicon|FRA}}||Vigorelli, Milan     ||     47.347||424
|-
|27 September 1967|| Jacques Anquetil {{flagicon|FRA}}||Vigorelli, Milan || <s>47.493</s>||{{refn|group=nb|{{cite book | title = Sex Lies and Handlebar tape, p237-239 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=v0eNTAHzlyEC |isbn = 9781845963019|last1 = Howard|first1 = Paul|year = 2008| publisher=Mainstream Publishing Company, Limited }} (Paul Howard) Anquetil set a record time in 1967 of 47.493 km but the record was never ratified by the UCI following Anquetil's refusal to take a post race doping control, and on 13 October the UCI voted not to allow the record.}}
|-
|30 October 1967  || [[Ferdi Bracke]] {{flagicon|BEL}}||Olympic Velodrome, Rome    ||     48.093||746
|-
|10 October 1968  || [[Ole Ritter]] {{flagicon|DEN}}||Mexico City      ||     48.653||560
|-
|25 October 1972  || [[Eddy Merckx]] {{flagicon|BEL}}||Mexico City      ||     49.431||778
|}
{{col-2}} 
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="min-width:22em"
|+Women's historical hour records (1893–1972) <br />(UCI official records from 1955)
|-
! Date
! Rider
! Location
! Distance (km)
! Increase <br />(m)
|-
|July 1893|| Mlle de Saint-Saveur {{flagicon|FRA}}	|| Vélodrome Buffalo, Paris, France||26.012|| -
|-
|August 1893|| Renée Debatz {{flagicon|FRA}}|| Vélodrome Buffalo, Paris, France||28.019||2007
|-
|October 1893||[[Hélène Dutrieu]] {{flagicon|BEL}}|| Vélodrome Lillois, Lille, France||28.78||761
|-
|October 1897|| Louise Roger {{flagicon|FRA}}|| Vélodrome Buffalo, Paris, France||34.684||5,904
|-
|1911	||[[Alfonsina Strada]] {{flagicon|ITA}}|| Moncalieri, Turin, Italy||37.192||2,508
|-
|October 1947|| Élyane Bonneau {{flagicon|FRA}}|| France||37.56||368
|-
|November 1948||[[Jeannine Lemaire]]<ref>Meilleure Performance Sur Piste FSGT, https://www.cnav-club.fr/uploads/69/Record%20de%20l'heure%20%20FSGT%20Mars%202020.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211002210103/https://www.cnav-club.fr/uploads/69/Record%20de%20l%27heure%20%20FSGT%20Mars%202020.pdf |date=2021-10-02 }}</ref> {{flagicon|FRA}}|| France ||37.72||160
|-
|July 1949||[[Jeannine Lemaire]] {{flagicon|FRA}}||France ||38.283||563
|-
|1952||[[Jeannine Lemaire]] {{flagicon|FRA}}||France ||39.735||1,452
|-
|7 July 1955 || [[Tamara Novikova]] {{flagicon|SUN}}|| [[Irkoutsk]], Russia ||38.473|| -1,262 (due to previous non-UCI records)
|-
|18 September 1957 || [[Renee Vissac]]  {{flagicon|FRA}}|| [[Velodromo Vigorelli]], [[Milan]], Italy || 38.569||96 (still less than non-UCI record)
|-
|25 September 1958|| [[Millie Robinson]] {{flagicon|IMN}}|| Vigorelli Velodrome, [[Milan]], Italy||39.719||1,150 (still less than non-UCI record)
|-
|9 November 1958 || Elsy Jacobs {{flagicon|LUX}}||Vigorelli Velodrome, [[Milan]], Italy ||41.347||1,628 (1,612 increase on the non-UCI 1952 record)
|}
{{col-end}}